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{{short description|Fort in Munger, Bihar, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox military installation
|name = Munger Fort
|partof = [[Bihar]]
|location = [[Bihar]], [[India]]
|image = [[File:The East End of the Fort of Mongheer view 2.jpg|The East End of the Fort of Munger|300px]]
|caption = East end view of the Munger Fort
|map_type = India Bihar
|map_size = 300
|map_caption =
|type = [[Fort]]
|coordinates = {{coord|25.3803|86.4658|type:landmark|display=inline}}
|code =
|built = 14th century
|builder = Mohhemadan Kings of India
|materials = [[Granite]] [[Rock (geology)|Stones]] and lime mortar
|height =
|used =
|demolished =
|condition = Ruins
|open_to_public =
|controlledby = [[Government of Bihar]]
|garrison =
|current_commander =
|commanders =
|occupants =
|battles =
|events =
|image2 = [[File:A View of the Fort of Mongheer, upon the banks of the River Ganges.jpg|300px]]
|caption2 = View of the Fort of [[Munger]], upon the banks of the [[Ganges River]]
}}
The '''Munger Fort''', located at [[Munger]] (also spelt as Monghyr during the [[British Raj]]), in the state of [[Bihar]], India, is built on a rocky hillock on the south bank of the [[Ganges River]]. Its history is not completely dated but it is believed that it was built during the early rule of [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Slave dynasty]] of India. The Munger town where the fort is situated was under the control of [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] of Delhi (1325-1351 CE). The fort has two prominent hills called the Karnachaura or Karanchaura, and the other a built up rectangular mound deduced to be the location of a citadel of the fort with historical links.<ref name =Archaeology>{{Cite web|url=http://yac.bih.nic.in/Da-04.htm|title=Munger Fort|access-date=12 October 2009|publisher= Directorate of Archaeology, Archaeological Survey of India}}</ref> The Fort had a succession of Muslim rulers (Khaljis, Tughlaqs, Lodis, Nawabs of Bengal, followed by [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] rulers, till it was finally acceded to the [[United Kingdom|British]] by Mir Quasim (1760–72), after unseating his father-in-aw Mīr Jafar on the grounds of old age, for a monetary reward negotiated by Vansittart. This deal involved payment by the [[East India Company]]'s merchants of an [[ad valorem]] duty of 9 percent, against an Indian merchant’s duty of 40%. The fort became a place of considerable importance to the British in [[Bengal]] till 1947 (Indian independence).<ref name=Jyoti>{{Cite book|last=Jyoti|first=Shubra|title= Munger, a land of tradition and dream|work=Munger fort|pages=9, 15 and 26|access-date=12 October 2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzcbAAAAIAAJ&q=Munger+Fort|publisher= Gayatri Krishna Publication|year=1990}}</ref><ref name=topic>{{Cite web|url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/285248/India/47010/The-extension-of-British-power-1760-1856#ref=ref486068|title=Munger (Monghyr)|access-date=12 October 2009|publisher= Encyclopædia Britannica|year=2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019xzz000000307u00029000.html
|title= A View of the Fort of Mongheer, upon the banks of the River Ganges|access-date=12 October 2009|publisher=British Library On Line gallery}}</ref><ref name=Darshan>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yogamag.net/archives/1983/ldec83/former.shtml|title= The Former Glory of Bihar, Munger and Ganga-Darshan|work= Munger in Focus|access-date=16 October 2009|publisher=Yoga magazine|year=1983}}</ref>

The fort houses a number of religious and historic monuments such as the Tomb of Pir Shah Nufa (died 1497), Palace of Shah Suja, Tomb of Mulla Muhammad Said (died 1704 CE), the Kashtaharini Ghat on the Ganges River, Chandisthana (an ancient temple) and an 18th century [[British people|British]] [[cemetery]]. In recent times, a famous [[Bihar School of Yoga|School of Yoga]] was established here.<ref name =Archaeology/><ref name=Darshan/>

==Etymology==
The etymology of the word Munger prefixed to the fort and to the town also called by the same name is ''Mudgagiri'' with links to the [[Mahbharata]] [[Indian epic poetry|epic]]. A [[copper]] plate [[inscription]] of [[Devapala (Pala dynasty)|Devapala]] alludes to Munger. Another version is that the name could have derived from either sage Mudgala or [[Maudgalyayana]], a disciple of [[Buddha]]. A further explanation by General Cunningham is that it could have been named after the [[Munda people|Munda]]s, its earliest inhabitants. C.E.A. Oldham gives a version that it was a ‘‘Munigriha’’ (the hermitage of a saint [[Rishi Muni|Muni]]).<ref name=munger>{{Cite web|url=http://jaibihar.com/munger-constituency/7267/|title=Munger|access-date=14 October 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref name=casche>{{Cite web|url=http://munger.nic.in/ink3.html |title=MUNGER – Historical Pointers |access-date=14 October 2009 |publisher=National Informatics Centre |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410021811/http://munger.nic.in/ink3.html |archive-date=10 April 2009 }}</ref> During British rule it was often spelt ''Monghyr'' or ''Monghir''.<ref>For example in chapter XIV of Jules Verne's ''[[Around the World in Eighty Days]]'': "Monghir, a more than European town, for it is as English as Manchester or Birmingham, with its iron foundries, edgetool factories, and high chimneys puffing clouds of black smoke heavenward."</ref>

==History==
{{see also | Kannauj#The_Kannauj_Triangle |l1 =The Kannauj Triangle wars}}

The Fort's history has been traced from 1330 AD onwards, under the rule of [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] of [[Delhi]]. But its ancient history, as a town, mostly ruled by [[Hindu]] kings, is initially traced from a stone inscription to [[Chandra Gupta Maurya]] (4th century BC), (after whom it was initially called Gupta Garhis) and later dated to the kingdom of [[Anga]], the capital of which was at [[Champa]] near [[Bhagalpur]], and the [[Pala Empire|Pala kings]] in the 9th century AD.<ref name=Darshan/><ref name=munger/>

;Medieval period
Munger, which was under the rule of the Karnataka dynasty of [[Mithila (ancient)|Mithila]], was taken over by [[Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad Bin Bakhtiyar Khalji|Bhaktiyar Khalji]] in 1225 AD and subsequently under the Khalji ruler, [[Ghiyasuddin Iwaj Shah|Gyasuddin Khalji]].<ref name="casche"/>

;Muslim rule
For a brief period, it came under the control of Sultan of Bengal between 1301 CE and 1322 CE, following a peace treaty with Khaljis. This was followed by annexation of the area to [[Delhi]] by [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]], during 1342 CE.<ref name=casche/>

Inscriptions reveal that repairs were carried out to the fort during the reign of [[Shahzada Danyal|Prince Danyal]] of Bengal (son of Sultan [[Alauddin Husain Shah]]) who held the post of Governor of Bihar, after the defeat of [[Jampur]] rulers by the Sultan of Bengal. It is also stated that Prince Danyal of Bengal built the shrine of [[Sufi]] [[saint]] Shah Nafah within the south gate of the fort, in 1497 AD.<ref name=casche/>

;Suri rule
In 1534 CE, in a battle which took place in the plains of [[Surajgarha]], the formidable army of [[Ibrahim Khan (general)|Ibrahim Khan]] of Munger was defeated and he was killed by [[Sher Shah Suri]] who established the [[Suri Empire]]. Thus, the fort came under Sher Shah Suri's overlordship (1486 - 22 May, 1545). In the subsequent war that took place between Sher Shah and [[Humayun]], the [[Mughal Emperor]], Munger was the centre of battle between the [[Pashtun people|Afghan]] and the [[Mughals]]. Sher Shah won and the Mughal rule was substituted by Afghan rule.<ref name=munger/><ref name=casche/>

In 1590, the importance of the fort was enhanced by making it the headquarters of Bihar army of the rulers of [[Gaur]] under their general named Kutub Khan. Nasrat Shah had succeeded Hussain Shah in Bengal and his brother-in-law, Makhdun Alam, was given control of the Munger fort, which he, in turn, passed on to his general Kutub Khan.<ref name=munger/><ref name=casche/>

;Mughal rule
From the time of the reign of [[Akbar]] in the late 16th century, Monghyr was controlled by the [[Mughal Emperor]]s. [[Raja Todar Mal]], Minister in the [[Mughal empire]] had camped at this fort when he was deputed to put down the rebel forces of Bengal. He substantially refurbished the fortifications of the fort. After a series of intriguing changes in the governorship of Munger [[Shah Shuja (Mughal)|Shah Shuja]], the second son of [[Shah Jahan]], the [[Mughal Emperor]] and [[Aurangzeb]]'s brother, had fled to this place to escape persecution, during his fight with his brothers for power. He was made governor of the region after protracted negotiations with his brothers [[Dara Shikoh]], [[Murad Baksh|Murad]] and Aurangzeb, and under the treaty of 1658 Munger was added to Shuja's reign. Shuja built a palace on the west side of the fort, which has been described as " very large house where the king (Suja) lived, walled next to the river, for about one and half [[Kos]] with bricks and stones, with a wall fifteen yards high".<ref name =Archaeology/><ref name=casche/>

However, in 1745, Mustafa Khan, a rebel leader under General Alivardi Khan took control of the fort when its defences had weakened. After a few days of stay in the fort, he continued his campaign towards [[Patna]] with lots of guns and ammunition taken from the fort.<ref name=casche/>

In the 4th [[Maratha]] war of 1744, the Maratha army had raided through Bihar and Munger. [[Jean Law]], the [[French people|French]] adventurer and partisan of [[Siraj ud-Daulah]] (1733 – 2 July 1757), the last independent Nawab of Bengal, Bihar and [[Orissa, India|Orissa]] was running away after the [[Battle of Plassey]]. In July 1757, the British attempted an attack on the fort. Eyre Coote, the British officer (heading the British force) reached Munger in pursuit of Jean Low. But he could not enter the well-fortified fort. He did not dare to attack the fort because the fort garrison had lined up "the ramparts with their matches held near the cannons." But the Governor of the fort provided him boats.<ref name=Darshan/><ref name=casche/>

In February 1760, Major Caillaud of the Nawab of Bengal and his supporters defeated the Mughal Emperor [[Shah Alam II]] (1728–1806). The Emperor and his army moved out not only from the fort but also from the district.<ref name=casche/> With this victory, the rule of [[Mir Qasim]], the Nawab of Bengal began with Johan Stables, in charge of Munger fort, launching a successful attack on the Raja of Kharagpur who had opposed the Nawab of Bengal.<ref name=casche/>

;Nawab of Bengal's rule
Monghyr was thus occupied by [[Mir Qasim|Mir Qasim Ali]], the [[Nawab of Bengal]] (from 1760 to 1764). In 1763, Quasim shifted his capital from [[Murshidabad]] to [[Munger]]. His new appointee General Gurgin Khan from [[Isfahan]] patterned the [[Bengal Army]] on the lines of the [[British forces]]. At this fort, a factory for arsenal, for manufacturing of fire-arms was established. This tradition has continued to this day; several hundred families who have specialised in the manufacture of guns are continuing with this old tradition. He further added to the fortifications and also built palaces in the fort. Mir Quasim came to be known as a just ruler (he tried to eliminate corruption and injustice) but was also feared by his opponents as a fierce and ruthless warrior. He was also known for encouraging culture and had many scholars in his court. But all this ended soon as he had serious differences on trade and other administrative practices with the British. Mir Qasim later had to use the fort as a base for waging war against the British. But he was defeated in 1764. Later, he turned out to be a poor looser as he disgraced himself by committing serious atrocities on his own people in Munger fort and also in Patna, and also on the English army and other personnel who were captured in Patna. His criminal atrocities in Patna are known in the historical annals as the ‘Massacre of Patna’. Subsequently, the fort lost its glory. [[Lord Cornwallis]], the [[Governor General]], in [[British India]], had built a country house here.<ref name =Archaeology/><ref name=topic/><ref name=munger/><ref name=casche/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019pzz000003105u00000000.html|title='West view of Monghir'. The river front, with buildings of the old palace surmounting the semi-circular bastions. Aquatint, drawn and engraved by James Moffat, published Calcutta 1804|access-date=12 October 2009|publisher=British Library On-Line gallery}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019xzz000000123u00004000.html|title= A view within the fort of Monghyr|access-date=12 October 2009| publisher=British Library On-Line gallery}}</ref>

;British rule
History also records [[Monghyr Mutiny|a "White Mutiny"]] by disgruntled officers of the [[East India Company]] (who controlled the fort) in the precincts of the Munger Fort, which was put down in 1766 by [[Lord Clive]]. The mutiny broke out over the reduction of an extra monthly payment called ''bhatta'' to soldiers on active duty. After the suppression of the mutiny, a small [[garrison]] was thereafter stationed at the fort. Over the years, the maintenance of the fort was neglected.<ref name =Archaeology/><ref name=Darshan/><ref name=casche/>

==Structure==
[[File:Fort of munger-Munger-Bihar.jpg|thumb|Fort of munger]]
Under the Mughal rule, the fort was substantially expanded as a strong military fortification. The fort was an impressive structure with massive gates, one of which had been a strong fortification with square towers, with a deep moat. The moat was {{convert|175|ft|m}} in width, surrounding the land side of the fort, thus making it strategically formidable. It opens to the Ganges river (which is {{convert|2|km|mi}} wide here, but crossed only by boats) at either end thus enhancing the fort's security.<ref name =Archaeology/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019pzz000003105u00000000.htmhttp://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019xzz000000307u00029000.html|title= A View of the Fort of Mongheer, upon the banks of the River Ganges
|access-date=12 October 2009|publisher=British Library On Line gallery}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref name=Panaw>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pandaw.com/downloads/India_4pg%20Brochure.pdf |title=PANDAW RIVER CRUISES, India |access-date=14 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407081232/http://www.pandaw.com/downloads/India_4pg%20Brochure.pdf |archive-date=7 April 2009 }}</ref>

The fort is spread over an area of {{convert|222|acre|ha}} over rocky hills with a peripheral length of{{convert|2.5|mi|km}}. The fort has {{convert|4|ft|m}} thick inner walls while the outer walls are {{convert|12|ft|m}} thick forming the fortification, which is {{convert|30|ft|m}} thick. The intervening space of {{convert|14|ft|m}} between the inner and outer walls is filled with earth. The Ganges river hugs the fort walls on the west and partly in the north. On the landward side, there is a {{convert|175|ft|m}} wide moat, which acts as a defence to the fortifications. There are four entry gates, within the octagonal fortress, with ramparts. The main gateway, called the Lal Darwaza, is still in good shape, even though the rest of the fort is mostly in ruins. This gate has a carved stone, which is said to belong to a [[Hindu]] or a [[Buddhist]] structure.<ref name =Archaeology/><ref name=Darshan/>

==Other monuments in the fort==
[[Image:A view within the fort of Monghyr.jpg|thumb|right|A view within the fort of [[Munger]]]]
The famous monuments located within the fort are:

;Tomb of Pir Shah Nufa
Pir Shah Nufa, originally of Persin origin, was a [[Sufi]] saint who was sent to Munger by his guru [[Khwaja]] [[Moinuddin Chishti]] of [[Ajmer]]. His tomb dating his death to A.H. 596 (1177 AD) is located near a rampart in the fort close to the southern gate. It was built over an area of {{convert|100|ft|m}} square with retaining walls supporting all round, on a {{convert|25|ft|m}} high heap of earth (conjectured to be ruins of former [[Hindu]] or [[Buddhist]] structure). The carved stones of these ancient temples were pitted by holes and depressions, with the belief that such disfiguring would cure certain diseases of children. The domed tomb chamber, {{convert|16|ft|m}} square with circular turrets, also encloses a prayer room and a restroom. Some ruins of ancient [[Hindu temples]] are also seen in the vicinity of this tomb.<ref name =Archaeology/>

;Palace of Shah Shuja
[[File:The old palace buildings within the fort.jpg|thumb|right| The old Shuja palace buildings within the Munger Fort]]
Though locally known as the 'Palace of Shuja', the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Prince, it is inferred to have been built earlier by [[Nawab]] [[Mir Qasim]] Ali, who also ruled from Munger. The palace is bounded by high rise walls on three sides and the Ganges river on the west side. As in any palace of the Mughals, it consisted of a Khas Mahal or 'Zanana Palace', the 'Diwane-I-Am' or Public Audience Hall and the Tope-Khana or [[Armory (military)|Armoury]] (made of {{convert|10|-|15|ft|m}} thick walls) (now a dormitory). There was also a [[mosque]] on the west side of the palace, now in ruins, but used as storehouse. There was a [[Turkish bath]] (hammam) and a dressing room to the west of the present day jailer's office. An interesting feature noted below the floor of the mosque is a dry well or pit of {{convert|10|-|12|ft|m}} depth, which leads to several tunnels running in different directions. The well was, in earlier times, connected to the river through an opening, which has since been shored up. The Khas Mahal of the palace and the Public Audience Hall inside the fort, which are now seen mostly in ruins, are used as a jail and a school for the convicts.<ref name =Archaeology/><ref name=Outlook>{{Cite book|title= Outlook magazine|work=Munger Offtrack|page=121|access-date=12 October 2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDEEAAAAMBAJ&q=Munger+Fort&pg=PT73|publisher=Outlook|date=14 January 2008}}</ref>

;Tomb of Mulla Muhammed Said
Tomb of [[Mullah]] [[Mohammed Said (mullah)|Mohammed Said]] was situated on the bastion at the south-west of the fort, but has since been removed. Mulla Mohammed Said hailing from [[Mazandran]] near the [[Caspian Sea]], was a [[Persian people|Persian]] poet (under the nom-de-plume of Ashraf). He was employed by Emperor Aurangzeb to tutor his daughter [[Zebunnisa|Zebunnisa Begum]]. He was also under the employment of Azim Shah, grandson of Aurangzeb, and who was the viceroy of Bihar. The Mullah, while on his way from Bengal to [[Mecca]], died at Munger fort in 1704 and his tomb existed inside the fort.<ref name =Archaeology/><ref name=Darshan/><ref name=casche/>

;The Kashtaharini Ghat on the Ganges
[[File:'West view of Monghir'.jpg|right|thumb|River front view of Munger with the ghats]]
The Ganges river that flows in front of Munger fort takes a turn in its flow direction towards the north ('Uttara vahini' in [[Sanskrit]] means: "north flowing"). At this location, a [[ghat]] (stepped approach to the river edge from the high bank built in stones) was constructed, which has a legend linked to it. An inscription at [[Kannauj]] records that Govind Chandra of [[Kannauj]], a [[Gahadvala]] King, granted land on the bank of the river to build a ghat, after bathing in the Ganges river at Mudgagiri (Munger) on the occasion of the Hindu festival known as [[Akshaya Tritiya]]. There are several antiquities that have been unearthed at this ghat such as: an inscription of about the 10th century AD on the wall of the gateway that refers to king [[Bhagiratha]] and the construction of a [[Shiva]] temple; discovery of carvings and sculptures by archaeologist Bloch in 1903; an inscribed image of [[Dhyan]]i [[Buddha]] (Buddha in meditation pose) describing the [[Buddhist]] [[doctrine]]; preserved now in the [[India]]n [[Museum]] at [[Kolkata]]). Hence, this location is venerated by the Hindus.<ref name =Archaeology/><ref name=Darshan/>

;Chandisthana
Chandisthana (meaning: place of goddess Chandi) is the location of a shrine, which is a village deity of [[goddess]] [[Chandi]] (Chandi or Caṇḍīika is the name by which the Supreme Goddess is referred to in [[Devi Mahatmya]]). It is considered{{by whomst|date=November 2021}} as one of the 64 [[shakti peethas]] (a [[tantra|tantric]] cultural centre) in India. It is depicted in the form of a hole in a rock dated to the rule of king Karna Vikrama. The conjecture that it could be part of an ancient temple that existed here is yet to be established by archaeologists by exploration of the area.<ref name =Archaeology/><ref name=Darshan/>

;Karnachaura
A natural rocky hillock dated to the ancient Raja [[Karna]] is named after him as the 'Karnachaura' or 'Karanchaura' or 'Karan Chabutara' (meaning: slab of Raja Karan). It is the highest point in the fort. Since the location commands a fine view of the surroundings, [[Raja Karan]] (he was a contemporary of [[Vikramaditya]], the famous king of India) had built a house on the hill, which was later converted by the British to a saluting battery. In 1766, this base on the hill was crucial in subduing rebellion by some [[Europe]]an officers of the garrison. Further refurbishing of the fort occurred during [[General]] [[Thomas Goddard (general)|Goddard]]'s time when it was converted as the large residence (as it exists now) of the Commanding Officer of the British garrison. This building was later under the ownership of [[Maharaja of Vizianagram]] and then by the [[Raja]] of [[Murshidabad]]. Since 1978, it is under the ownership of the [[Bihar School of Yoga]]. [[Swami Satyananda Saraswati]] founder of the Yoga School has renamed it as 'Ganga Darshan'. The Yoga School is now renowned as a world centre for modern yogic/tantric renaissance. An old platform near the hill, in front of the bungalow, is also linked to the period of King Karna and his wife.<ref name =Archaeology/><ref name=Darshan/>

;Rectangular mound
[[File:'View in the Fort at Monghyr'. People walking about.jpg|right|thumb|People walking about within the fort near Shuja palace grounds]]
The second famous rock hillock (no specific name is given to this) within the fort is, in fact, an artificial rectangular raised platform where a citadel of the fort probably existed in the past. An old building called as 'Damdama Kothi' ('kothi' means "house"), conjectured to have been built by [[Muslim]] rulers or even earlier Hindu kings that existed here, was destroyed by the British to build the 'Collector's Bangalow'. When this strong Kothi (a masonry structure) was demolished by blasting, underground rooms were found. In addition, in a well in the compound of the bungalow, two arched passages were found; one lead to the house and the other in an opposite direction to the Shuja palace (now a prison). Stone carvings and sculptures were seen in exposed masonry of the Kothi, during Buchanan's archaeological explorations.<ref name =Archaeology/><ref name=Darshan/>

;Bihar School of Yoga
The [[Bihar School of Yoga]] founded by [[Swami Satyananda Saraswati]] in 1964 to impart traditional [[yoga]] teachings to the world is headquartered inside the Munger fort. Apart from providing spiritual instruction to candidates, the school undertakes yoga projects and medical research in association with other agencies. It is the World's first Yoga University and a deemed university. It attracts students from all over the world. Around 400 [[Australians]], [[United States|Americans]] and others register for the yoga course every year, with this figure rising continuously.<ref name=yoga>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiayogi.com/content/ashrams/paramhamsa-satyananda_bihar-school-yoga.aspx |title=Bihar School of Yoga |access-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310210640/http://www.indiayogi.com/content/ashrams/paramhamsa-satyananda_bihar-school-yoga.aspx |archive-date=10 March 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://munger.nic.in/education.htm|title=Munger|access-date=16 October 2009|publisher=National Informatics Centre|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423131304/http://munger.nic.in/education.htm|archive-date=23 April 2009}}</ref>

==Visitor information==
Munger fort and the Munger town are well connected by road, rail and air communications through Patna, the capital city of Bihar. Patna is connected by air to all major cities in India. It has a very good network of rail and road links with all major cities in the country. The road distance from Patna to Munger is {{convert|173|km|mi}}.<ref name=yoga/>

The Ganges river, which has been declared as the [[Inland Waterways Authority of India|National Waterway 1]] flows to the south bank of the Munger town. It extends from [[Varanasi]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] to [[Kolkata]] in [[West Bengal]]. En route, the towns covered are [[Bhagalpur]], [[Munger]], [[Patna]] and [[Buxar]]. A tourist cruise service authorised under a [[Memorandum of understanding]] with [[Inland Waterways Authority of India]] (IWAI) has been launched recently to cover this navigational route to visit several tourist destinations, including Munger fort.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.expresstravelworld.com/20090715/market01.shtml|title=Pandaw Cruises India to embark on maiden trip in Sept 2009|access-date=14 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202103249/http://www.expresstravelworld.com/20090715/market01.shtml|archive-date=2 December 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Munger Fort}}
*[https://munger.nic.in/history Munger Fort - History]
*[https://www.flickr.com/map?place_id=iZLnXcGbA5UDXITu Map of Munger]
{{Forts in India}}

[[Category:Forts in Bihar]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Bihar]]
[[Category:Munger district]]

Munger Fort - Revision history

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