Hakeem Nafeesurrahman Thanvi: small updated intro and corrected details for clarity

2025-08-12T13:52:19Z

small updated intro and corrected details for clarity

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			{{Short description\|Indian solar physicist}}
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	'''Mukul Ranjan Kundu''' (10 February 1930 – 16 June 2010), was an ~~[[India]]n~~ solar physicist, known best as a pioneer of radio observations of the Sun. Early in his career, he showed that the Sun's 10.7 centimetre radio flux is correlated with the level of ionisation in the Earth's [[ionosphere]].<ref>{{cite journal\|author1=Kundu, M. R.\|title=Structures et propriétés des sources d'activité solaire sur ondes centimétriques\|year=1959\|journal=Annales d'Astrophysique\|volume=22\|page=1\|bibcode=1959AnAp...22....1K}}</ref> The 10.7 cm flux is now used as a standard proxy for the level of magnetic activity on the Sun. He served on the editorial board of the journal ''Solar Physics'' and was awarded the [[George Ellery Hale Prize]] in 2007.		[[File:Mukul Kundu.jpg\|thumb\|Mukul Kundu, August 1981, at the URSI meeting, Washington DC.]]
			'''Mukul Ranjan Kundu''' (10 February 1930 – 16 June 2010), was an Indian solar physicist, known best as a pioneer of radio observations of the Sun. Early in his career, he showed that the Sun's 10.7 centimetre radio flux is correlated with the level of ionisation in the Earth's [[ionosphere]].<ref>{{cite journal\|author1=Kundu, M. R.\|title=Structures et propriétés des sources d'activité solaire sur ondes centimétriques\|year=1959\|journal=Annales d'Astrophysique\|volume=22\|page=1\|bibcode=1959AnAp...22....1K}}</ref> The 10.7 cm flux is now used as a standard proxy for the level of magnetic activity on the Sun. He served on the editorial board of the journal ''Solar Physics'' and was awarded the [[George Ellery Hale Prize]] in 2007.

	==Life and career==		==Life and career==
	Kundu was born in [[Calcutta]], India on 10 February 1930.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal\|date=1 September 2010\|title=OBITUARY: Mukul Kundu (1930 – 2010)\|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11207-010-9629-x\|journal=Solar Physics\|language=en\|volume=266\|issue=1\|pages=1–3\|doi=10.1007/s11207-010-9629-x\|s2cid=189842043\|issn=0038-0938}}</ref> He studied at the [[University of Calcutta]], receiving his BSc in Physics in 1949 and his MSc in Radio Physics and Electronics in 1951.<ref name=":1" /> In 1954, he took a government scholarship to study at the [[Ecole Normale Superieure]] in Paris and transferred with the radio group to the Paris Observatory.<ref name=":1" /> He obtained his PhD from Sorbonne in 1957.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|title=Collection: Mukul Kundu papers {{!}} Archival Collections\|url=https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/1328\|access-date=2020-08-18\|website=archives.lib.umd.edu}}</ref>		Kundu was born in [[Calcutta]], India on 10 February 1930.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal\|date=1 September 2010\|title=OBITUARY: Mukul Kundu (1930 – 2010)\|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11207-010-9629-x\|journal=Solar Physics\|language=en\|volume=266\|issue=1\|pages=1–3\|doi=10.1007/s11207-010-9629-x\|s2cid=189842043\|issn=0038-0938\|doi-access=free}}</ref> He studied at the [[University of Calcutta]], receiving his BSc in Physics in 1949 and his MSc in Radio Physics and Electronics in 1951.<ref name=":1" /> In 1954, he took a government scholarship to study at the [[Ecole Normale Superieure]] in Paris and transferred with the radio group to the Paris Observatory.<ref name=":1" /> He obtained his PhD from Sorbonne in 1957.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|title=Collection: Mukul Kundu papers {{!}} Archival Collections\|url=https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/1328\|access-date=2020-08-18\|website=archives.lib.umd.edu}}</ref>

	He started working at the [[University of Michigan]] in 1959 and moved to [[Cornell University]] as an associate professor in 1962.<ref name=":1" /> In 1965, he return to India to join the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] until 1968, when he became a full professor at the [[University of Maryland, College Park]], where he remained until his death on 16 June 2010.<ref name=":1" />		He started working at the [[University of Michigan]] in 1959 and moved to [[Cornell University]] as an associate professor in 1962.<ref name=":1" /> In 1965, he return to India to join the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] until 1968, when he became a full professor at the [[University of Maryland, College Park]], where he remained until his death on 16 June 2010.<ref name=":1" />

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{{more citations needed|date=November 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
'''Mukul Ranjan Kundu''' (10 February 1930 – 16 June 2010), was an [[India]]n solar physicist, known best as a pioneer of radio observations of the Sun. Early in his career, he showed that the Sun's 10.7 centimetre radio flux is correlated with the level of ionisation in the Earth's [[ionosphere]].<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Kundu, M. R.|title=Structures et propriétés des sources d'activité solaire sur ondes centimétriques|year=1959|journal=Annales d'Astrophysique|volume=22|page=1|bibcode=1959AnAp...22....1K}}</ref> The 10.7 cm flux is now used as a standard proxy for the level of magnetic activity on the Sun. He served on the editorial board of the journal ''Solar Physics'' and was awarded the [[George Ellery Hale Prize]] in 2007.

==Life and career==
Kundu was born in [[Calcutta]], India on 10 February 1930.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|date=1 September 2010|title=OBITUARY: Mukul Kundu (1930 – 2010)|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11207-010-9629-x|journal=Solar Physics|language=en|volume=266|issue=1|pages=1–3|doi=10.1007/s11207-010-9629-x|s2cid=189842043|issn=0038-0938}}</ref> He studied at the [[University of Calcutta]], receiving his BSc in Physics in 1949 and his MSc in Radio Physics and Electronics in 1951.<ref name=":1" /> In 1954, he took a government scholarship to study at the [[Ecole Normale Superieure]] in Paris and transferred with the radio group to the Paris Observatory.<ref name=":1" /> He obtained his PhD from Sorbonne in 1957.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Collection: Mukul Kundu papers {{!}} Archival Collections|url=https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/1328|access-date=2020-08-18|website=archives.lib.umd.edu}}</ref>

He started working at the [[University of Michigan]] in 1959 and moved to [[Cornell University]] as an associate professor in 1962.<ref name=":1" /> In 1965, he return to India to join the [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] until 1968, when he became a full professor at the [[University of Maryland, College Park]], where he remained until his death on 16 June 2010.<ref name=":1" />

Kundu's most influential work was a textbook, ''Solar Radio Astronomy'', which was published by Wiley in 1965.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.cpp.edu/~zywang/badash.pdf|author=Nat Gopalswamy|title=Mukul Ranjan Kundu|journal=[[Physics Today]]|volume=64|issue=4|page=2|bibcode=2011PhT....64d..71G|year=2011|doi=10.1063/1.3580501|doi-access=free}}</ref> He was a fellow of the [[American Physical Society]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm?initial=&year=1988&unit_id=&institution=|title=APS Fellow Archive|publisher=American Physical Society|access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref> Kundu also received the award of U.S.Senior Scientist from the [[Alexander von Humboldt Foundation|Humboldt Foundation]].<ref name=":0" />

==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kundu, Mukul}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kolkata]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:University of Michigan faculty]]
[[Category:Cornell University faculty]]
[[Category:University of Maryland, College Park faculty]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society]]

Mukul Kundu - Revision history

Hakeem Nafeesurrahman Thanvi: small updated intro and corrected details for clarity

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