https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Muhyi_al-Din_LariMuhyi al-Din Lari - Revision history2026-09-01T15:35:41ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhyi_al-Din_Lari&diff=518831&oldid=prevRkrakeshboro: Starting New Post2025-03-14T20:55:19Z<p>Starting New Post</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|16th century author and miniaturist}}<br />
'''{{transliteration|ar|Muḥyi al-Dīn Lārī|italics=no}}''' ({{langx|ar|محي الدين لاري}}), died 1521 or 1526–7, was a 16th-century [[Persian miniature|miniaturist]] and writer, best known for his ''Kitab Futūḥ al-Ḥaramayn'', a guidebook to the Islamic holy cities of [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]].<br />
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==Life and works==<br />
[[File:Khalili Collection Hajj and Arts of Pilgrimage mss 1038 fol 19b-20a.jpg|thumb|Depiction of the [[Masjid al-Haram]] (Sacred Mosque) and [[Kaaba]] in a manuscript of the ''Futūh al-Haramayn'', 1582 (Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage)]]<br />
Little is known about Lari's early life and career. He is thought to be of either Persian{{sfn|Mois|Buitelaar|2015|p=104}} or Indian{{sfn|Sardar|2014|p=194}} origin. ''Lari'' might suggest he was from [[Lar, Iran|Lar]], a town south-east of [[Shiraz]]. He was a student of [[Jalal al-Din Davani]],{{sfn|Pourjavady|2011|p=16}}{{sfn|Berthels|2012}} a noted Persian scholar who wrote the first treatise on the poet [[Hafez]]'s works,{{sfn|Pourjavady|2011|p=7}} and who is known to have visited Lar.{{sfn|Pourjavady|2011|p=13}}<br />
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Lari's [[Futuh al-Haramayn|''Kitab Futūḥ al-Ḥaramayn'' (''Revelations of the Two Holy Sanctuaries'')]], written in Persian, is dedicated to [[Muzaffar Shah II|Muzaffar al-Din ibn Mahmud Shah]], who ruled [[Gujarat]] from 1511 to 1526.{{sfn|Mois|Buitelaar|2015|p=104}} It is a guidebook for the [[Hajj]] pilgrimage. The manuscript comprises 45 leaves with writing in two columns of ''[[Naskh (script)|naskh]]'' script and eighteen illuminated (but stylised, rather than accurate) illustrations, including holy sites in [[Medina]], scenes between Medina and Mecca, and the various stages of the Hajj in Mecca.{{sfn|Bonhams|2016}}{{sfn|Porter|2012|p=54}} The illuminations are with ink, opaque watercolour and gold on paper.{{sfn|Ekhtiar|Moore|2012|p=32}} It contains a detailed depictions of the [[Kaaba]], indicating the areas assigned for the worship of the various sects of Islam, the named entrance doors to the sanctum, minarets, and two rows of colonnades. While traditionally pilgrim manuals desisted from human depictions, preferring to illustrate landscapes and holy sites only, Lari's miniatures are an exception, with rendered people appearing in some of them.{{sfn|Mois|Buitelaar|2015|p=198}} Lari's mystical verse, meanwhile, describes the ceremonies of the Hajj and their essence.{{sfn|Mois|Buitelaar|2015|p=104}}<br />
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Lari's attention to architectural detail, use of the colour palette and expert draughtsmanship have been lauded.{{sfn|Esin|1987|p=64}} His painting of Mecca's [[Masjid al-Haram|Sacred Mosque]] became a widely reproduced image for several centuries.{{sfn|Sardar|2014|p=194}} His miniatures showing [[Mount Arafat]] as well as ''[[mahmal]]s'' were re-crafted into Hajj certificates that were in use even in the 18th century.{{sfn|Mois|Buitelaar|2015|p=200}} <br />
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At least twelve manuscripts have survived to date. All of them contain illustrations of the various stages of the Hajj, with each station labelled. Several of the manuscripts are known from their [[Colophon (publishing)|colophons]] to have been produced in Mecca.{{sfn|Mois|Buitelaar|2015|p=104}} Pages from some copies have appeared at various auctions.{{sfn|Christie's|2014}}{{sfn|Christie's|2016}}{{sfn|Bonhams|2016}} The earliest copy now extant is a copy made in Mecca in 1544; it now resides in the [[British Library]].{{sfn|Christie's|2014}} The [[Khalili Collections|Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage]] has exemplars from 16th century Mecca and 18th or early 19th century India.{{sfn|Khalili|1308}}{{sfn|Khalili|1274}} Lari's original document has been copied and re-illustrated over the centuries, and editions have been found in Turkey, Persia and India. The later versions often have misspellings and inconsistencies, either because the scribe was unskilled or because Lari's ornate language was difficult.{{sfn|Milstein|2006|p=167}}<br />
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Inspired by his teacher's example, Lari wrote a commentary on [[Ibn al-Farid|ibn al-Fārid]]'s ''Kasida'', called ''al-Taiyya al-kubra''. In this, he attempted to show the coherence between orthodox Islamic mysticism and Aristotelian thought.{{sfn|Berthels|2012}}<br />
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Lari is thought to have died either in 1521{{sfn|Pourjavady|2011|p=16}} or 1526-7.{{sfn|Berthels|2012}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
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==Bibliography==<br />
===Books and journals===<br />
* {{cite encyclopedia|article=Muḥyi ’l-Dīn Lārī|author1-last=Berthels|author1-first=E.|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|edition=2|year=2012|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/muhyi-l-din-lari-SIM_5440?s.num=3&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=lari|editor1-first=P.|editor1-last= Bearman|editor2-first=Th.|editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E.|editor3-last=Bosworth |editor4-first=E.|editor4-last=van Donzel|editor5-first=W.P.|editor5-last= Heinrichs|access-date=18 May 2017|isbn=9789004161214}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Esin|first=Atıl|title=The Age of Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sNifAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=National Gallery of Art|isbn=978-0-8109-1855-9}}<br />
* {{cite book|title=Art of the Islamic World – A Resource for Educators|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|year=2012|editor1-first=Maryam D.|editor1-last=Ekhtiar|editor2-first=Claire|editor2-last=Moore|isbn=978-1-58839-482-8}}<br />
* {{cite journal|title=Mapping the sacred in Sixteenth Century Illustrated Manuscripts of Futuh al-Haramayn|year=2006|journal=Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter|editor1-first=David J.|editor1-last=Wasserstein|editor2-first=Ami|editor2-last=Ayalon|publisher=Routledge|author1-last=Milstein|author1-first=Rachel}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Mois|first1=Luitgard|last2=Buitelaar|first2=Marjo|title=Hajj: Global Interactions through Pilgrimage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LGTTBgAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=Sidestone Press|isbn=978-90-8890-285-7}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Porter|first=Venetia |title=The Art of Hajj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVn7twAACAAJ|year=2012|publisher=Interlink Books|isbn=978-1-56656-884-5}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Pourjavady|first=Reza |title=Philosophy in Early Safavid Iran: Najm Al-Din Mahmud Al-Nayrizi and His Writings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VGvO3jpy-YcC|year=2011|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-19173-0}}<br />
* {{cite book|last=Sardar|first=Ziauddin|authorlink = Ziauddin Sardar|title=Mecca – The Sacred City|url=https://archive.org/details/meccasacredcity0000sard|url-access=registration|isbn=978-1408809204|publisher=Bloomsbury|year=2014}}<br />
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===Websites===<br />
* {{cite web|url=https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/23436/lot/31/?category=results&length=90&page=1|title=Muhyi Al-Din Lari: Kitab Futuh Al-Haramayn|date=19 April 2016|publisher=[[Bonhams]] |ref={{sfnref|Bonhams|2016}} }}<br />
* {{Cite web|title=17th century depiction of the Holy Shrine of Mecca, OR 343|url=https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/futuh-al-haramayn|access-date=2020-12-03|website=The British Library|ref={{harvid|BL|343}}}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/books-manuscripts/muhyi-al-din-lari-kitab-futuh-al-haramayn-5825868-details.aspx|title=Muhyi Al-Din Lari: Kitab Futuh Al-Haramayn and Other Texts|date=9 October 2014|publisher=[[Christie's]] |ref={{sfnref|Christie's|2014}} }}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/Lot/muhyi-al-din-lari-d-1526-7-ad-kitab-5985602-details.aspx|title=Muhyi Al-Din Lari: Kitab Futuh Al-Haramayn|date=18 April 2016|publisher=Christie's |ref={{sfnref|Christie's|2016}} }}<br />
* {{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Futuh al-Haramayn (a Handbook for Pilgrims to Mecca and Medina) of Muhyi al-Din Lari, MSS 1274|url=https://www.khalilicollections.org/collections/hajj-and-the-arts-of-pilgrimage/futuh-al-haramayn-a-handbook-for-pilgrims-to-mecca-and-medina-of-muhyi-al-din-lari-mss-1274/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Khalili Collections|language=en-US|ref={{harvid|Khalili|1274}}}}<br />
* {{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Futuh al-Haramayn (a Handbook for Pilgrims to Mecca and Medina) of Muhyi Lari, MSS 1308|url=https://www.khalilicollections.org/collections/hajj-and-the-arts-of-pilgrimage/khalili-collection-islamic-art-futuh-al-haramayn-of-muhyi-lari-mss1038/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Khalili Collections|language=en-US|ref={{harvid|Khalili|1308}}}}<br />
* {{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Futuh al-Haramain (Description of the Holy Cities), 32.131|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/448692|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Metropolitan Museum|location=New York|ref={{harvid|MetMuseum 32.131}}}}<br />
* {{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Futuh al-Haramayn (Description of the Holy Cities), 2008.251|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/456342|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Metropolitan Museum|location=New York|ref={{harvid|MetMuseum 2008.251}}}}<br />
* {{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Futuh al-Haramayn (Description of the Holy Cities), 2009.343|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/456969|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-03|website=Metropolitan Museum|location=New York|ref={{harvid|MetMuseum 2009.343}}}}<br />
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[[Category:16th-century painters]]<br />
[[Category:1526 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:16th-century Persian-language writers]]</div>Rkrakeshboro