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{{short description|Bangladeshi politician}}
{{Infobox religious biography
|honorific_prefix = [[Mawlana]]
|name = Muhammadullah Hafezzi Huzur
|image = Muhammadullah Hafezzi.jpeg
|caption = Photograph taken by [[Anwar Hossain (photographer)|Anwar Hossain]] in 1981
|title =
|birth_name = Muhammadullah
|birth_date = 1895
|birth_place = Ludhua, [[Raipur Upazila|Raipur]], [[Lakshmipur District|Lakshmipur]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[British Raj|British India]]
|death_date = {{date of death and age|1987|5|6|1895|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Bangladesh]]
|death_cause =
|resting_place = [[Kamrangirchar Thana|Kamrangirchar]], [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
|other_names =
|citizenship = British Indian (1895-1947)<br />Pakistani (1947-1971)<br />Bangladeshi (1971-1987)
|religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
|era =
|region =
|occupation = Politician
|denomination =
|jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]
|creed =
|movement = [[Deobandi]]
|father = Munshi Idris ibn Akramuddin
|main_interests = [[Islamic Politics]], [[Sufism]]
|notable_ideas =
|notable_works =
|alma_mater =
|Sufi_order = [[Chishti]] <small>([[Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari|Sabiri]])</small>
|students = [[Abdul Jabbar Jahanabadi]], [[Azizul Haque (scholar)|Azizul Haque]]
|awards =
|influences = [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]]
|influenced = [[Abdul Hai Paharpuri]], [[Abu Taher Misbah]]
|module =
|website =
|signature =
}}{{Deobandi}}
'''Muhammadullah''' (1895 - 6 May 1987), commonly known as '''Hafezzī Huzūr''' ({{lang-bn|হাফেজ্জী হুজুর}}), was a [[Bangladesh]]i [[politician]], Islamic leader and founder of the [[Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan]].<ref name="Islam">{{cite journal|last=Islam|first=Syed Serajul|date=Feb 1987|title=Bangladesh in 1986: Entering a New Phase|journal=Asian Survey|volume=27|issue=2|page=168|doi=10.1525/as.1987.27.2.01p0026u}}</ref><ref name="Ahamed">{{cite journal|last=Ahamed|first=Emajuddin|author2=D. R. J. A. Nazneen|date=Aug 1990|title=Islam in Bangladesh: Revivalism or Power Politics?|journal=Asian Survey|volume=30|issue=8|page=802|doi=10.2307/2644499}}</ref> He was the first religious figure to stand up for the highest state office in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite book|title=Islam and Democracy in South Asia: The Case of Bangladesh|date=20 March 2020|publisher=[[Springer Publishing]]|author1=Islam, Muhammad Nazrul|author2=Islam, Muhammad Saidul|page=273|chapter=Islam, Islamism, and democracy in Bangladesh}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Muhammadullah was born in the year 1895, in the village of Ludhua in the [[Raipur Upazila|Raipur Thana]] of [[Lakshmipur District|Lakshmipur]] in the [[Bengal Presidency]] of [[British Raj|British India]]. His father was [[Munshi]] Idris, the son of Akramuddin Mianji. Muhammadullah studied at Fatehpur Primary School before proceeding to Chandraganj Madrasa where he studied for a year. He then studied for a year at [[Nawab Faizunnesa]]'s madrasa in [[Laksam Upazila|Laksam]], andthen enrolling at the Khilbais Madrasa in [[Lakshmipur Sadar Upazila|Lakshmipur]]. In [[Panipat]], first under Qari Abdus Salam in 1913 and then under Qari Akhlaq Husayn in 1915, he completed his [[hifz]]. He then moved on to study at [[Mazahir Uloom]] in [[Saharanpur]] from 1915 to 1922, where he completed [[Kutub al-Sittah]]. He gained a high-class certificate from [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] in 1923.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailysangram.com/post/122357-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0--%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9|script-title=bn:তওবার রাজনীতির প্রবর্তক আধ্যাত্মিক জগতের উজ্জ্বল নক্ষত্র হযরত হাফেজ্জী হুজুর রহ|work=The Daily Sangram|date=7 November 2018|language=bn}}</ref>

==Career==
After completing his studies across [[North India]], he returned to his [[Bengal]]i motherland. Cooperating with the likes of [[Shamsul Haque Faridpuri]] and Pirji Huzur, he set up [[madrasa]]s across Eastern Bengal such as Ashraful Uloom Bara Katara, Jamia Arabia Imdadul Uloom Faridabad and [[Jamia Qurania Arabia Lalbagh]]. In 1965, he established the Jamiah Nooria Madrasa in [[Kamrangirchar Thana|Kamrangirchar]], [[Dhaka]].

His entrance to politics started with the founding of the [[Nizam-e-Islam Party]] in 1952. In 1978, the [[President of Bangladesh]] [[Ziaur Rahman]] removed the ban on religion-based political parties in the country. In response, Hafezzi Huzur sent the President an open letter, requesting him to base the country upon [[Islam]]ic ideals.<ref>হাফেজ্জী হুজুর স্মারক গ্রন্থ (in Bengali), Hafezzi Huzur Parishad 2005, 933</ref> Following the [[assassination of Ziaur Rahman]], Hafezzi Huzur stood up as an independent presidential candidate in the [[1981 Bangladeshi presidential election|1981 elections]]. He finished third, gaining 1.79% of the total votes.<ref name="Ahamed" />

Hafezzi Huzur founded his own political party known as [[Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan]] in November 1981.<ref>{{cite news|script-title=bn:জীবদ্দশায় ছেলেরা, এখন নাতিরা পদ নিয়ে দ্বন্দ্বে|language=bn|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/politics/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87|work=[[Prothom Alo]]|author=Jahid, Salim|date=28 November 2014}}</ref> His political career included travelling and meeting dignitaries in [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Iran]] and [[Iraq]].<ref name=rr>{{cite book|title=Religion and Representation: Islam and Democracy|date=5 February 2015|editor1=Mattson, Ingrid|editor2=Tahir, Nawaz|editor3=Nesbitt-Larking, Paul|publisher=[[Cambridge Scholars Publishing]]}}</ref>

In response to military rule, Hafezzi Huzur formed a committee, the ''Sammilita Sangram Parishad'' (Combined Action Committee), consisting of 11 Islamic parties.<ref>{{cite book|title=Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Bangladesh|author1=Riaz, Ali|author2=Rahman, Mohammad Sajjadur|date=29 January 2016|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]}}</ref> He stood up for the [[1986 Bangladeshi presidential election|1986 elections]], in which he finished second with 5.69% of total votes.<ref>{{cite book|page=134|title=Transfer and transformation: political institutions in the New Commonwealth. Essays in honour of W. H. Morris-Jones|year=1983|editor1=Lyon, Peter|editor2=Manor, James|publisher=[[Leicester University]] Press}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Muhammadullah was the father of 4 sons and 6 daughters. One of his daughters was married to [[Fazlul Haque Amini]]. His sons, including Shah Ahmadullah Ashraf, Ataullah and Hamidullah, are active members of their father's political party, with the former succeeding Muhammadullah as ''amir'' (leader) following his death.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}

==Views==
Hafezzi Huzur expressed opposition to the [[1982 Bangladesh coup d'état|1982 coup d'état]], labelling [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]]'s military rule as ''un-Islamic''. In his ''Shotorkobaṇī'' (words of warning) booklet, he referred to the [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]] as a ''[[Mawdudi]] [[Fitna (word)|fitnah]]'' that spreads misguidance.<ref name=rr/>

==Death and legacy==
Muhammadullah died on 7 May 1987. His [[janazah]] was performed at the National [[Eidgah]] in Dhaka.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailyinqilab.com/article/83662/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9|script-title=bn:হযরত হাফেজ্জী হুজুর রহ|language=bn|work=[[Daily Inqilab]]|date=14 June 2017|author=Khan, Muhammad Zafarullah}}</ref>

In his honour, the erstwhile [[Dhaka City Corporation|Mayor of Dhaka]] [[Mohammad Hanif (mayor)|Mohammad Hanif]] renamed ''Phoenix Road'' (near [[Gulistan, Dhaka|Gulistan]]) to ''Mawlana Muhammadullah Hafezzi Huzur Road''. This change was undone on 21 February 2017 by the [[Dhaka South City Corporation]].<ref>{{cite news|script-title=bn:সড়ক থেকে হাফেজ্জী হুজুরের নাম মুছে দেওয়ার পরিণাম শুভ হবে না|language=bn|url=http://www.banglatribune.com/national/news/183677|work=[[Bangla Tribune]]|date=24 February 2017}}</ref> This action was a part of a campaign to rename places named after anti-[[Independence of Bangladesh|independence]] individuals, suggested by the [[Bangladesh High Court]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/politics/2017/02/12/hefazats-demand-irrational|website=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|title=Hefazat’s demand irrational|author=Mahadi Al Hasnat|date=12 February 2017}}</ref> Eyewitness accounts on the other hand, suggest that Hafezzi Huzur expressed support for the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] referring to the [[Pakistan Army]] as ''oppressors''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/op-ed/2017/04/22/qawmi-certificate-greek-sculpture-and-pohela-boishakh|website=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|title=Qawmi certificate, Greek sculpture and Pohela Boishakh|author=Alamgir, Anis|date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mawlana Imdadul Haq Araihazari also states that his involvement as a Bengali freedom fighter is due to Hafezzi Huzur's expression of support.<ref>{{cite book|script-title=bn:বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতা যুদ্ধ ও উলামায়ে কেরাম|trans-title=Bangladesh's independence war and the ulama|author=Mabnu, Syed|language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|website=[[Kaler Kantho]]|url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/dhormo/2014/03/14/61556|author=Zahir ibne Muslim|script-title=bn:বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতাযুদ্ধে আলেমসমাজের ভূমিকা|language=bn|date=14 March 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{commons category}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Huzur, Hafezzi}}
[[Category:Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan politicians]]
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Lakshmipur District]]
[[Category:20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Bengali Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengalis]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi political party founders]]

Muhammadullah Hafezzi - Revision history

>Worldbruce: clean up, removed parameter unsupported by template, used script-title parameter, removed stub tag