Muhammad of Ghazni - Revision history

Rspalmora: small changes

2026-02-26T15:53:01Z

small changes

49.14.128.7: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-06-27T00:19:24Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:49, 27 June 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Infobox ~~monarch~~		{{Short description\|Sultan of Ghaznavid dynasty (r. 1030–1030) (1040–1041)}}
	\|name='''Muhammad'''		{{Infobox royalty
			\|name='''Muhammad bin Mahmud'''
	\|succession=[[Sultan]] of the [[Ghaznavids\|Ghaznavid Empire]]		\|succession=[[Sultan]] of the [[Ghaznavids\|Ghaznavid Empire]]
	\|image=MohammadGhaznavidCoin.jpg		\|image=MohammadGhaznavidCoin.jpg
	\|caption=~~shashi~~		\|caption= [[Gold dinar]] minted in Ghazna dated 419 [[Islamic calendar\|AH]] (1028/9 CE).
	\|reign=1030-1030<br/>1040-1041{{sfn\|Bosworth\|1996\|p=296}}		\|reign=1030-1030<br/>1040-1041{{sfn\|Bosworth\|1996\|p=296}}
	\|coronation=		\|coronation=
Line 18:		Line 19:
	\|death_place=Ghazni		\|death_place=Ghazni
	\|place of burial=Ghazni		\|place of burial=Ghazni
	\|religion=[[~~Sunni~~ Islam]]		\|religion=[[Islam]]
	}}		}}
	'''Muhammad of Ghazni''' ({{lang-fa\|محمد غزنوی}}) (died 1041) was ''[[sultan]]'' of the [[Ghaznavids\|Ghaznavid Empire]] briefly in 1030, and then later from 1040 to 1041. He ascended the throne upon the death of his father [[Mahmud of Ghazni\|Mahmud]] in 1030. He was the younger of a set of twins; this circumstance resulted in civil strife.{{sfn\|Bosworth\|1985}} His reign lasted five months before he was overthrown by his twin [[Ma'sud I of Ghazni\|Ma'sud I]], after which he was blinded and imprisoned. Nine years later he was reinstated for a year before being slain by his nephew [[Maw'dud Ghaznavi\|Maw'dud]]. According to [[Ferishta]], his reign lasted only 50 days before he was blinded and imprisoned on the order of [[Ma'sud I of Ghazni\|Ma'sud I]]. A year later he was executed by his nephew [[Maw'dud Ghaznavi\|Maw'dud]] after losing a battle in Nangrahar.		'''Muhammad of Ghazni''' ({{lang-fa\|محمد غزنوی}}) (died 1041) was ''[[sultan]]'' of the [[Ghaznavids\|Ghaznavid Empire]] briefly in 1030, and then later from 1040 to 1041. He ascended the throne upon the death of his father [[Mahmud of Ghazni\|Mahmud]] in 1030. He was the younger of a set of twins; this circumstance resulted in civil strife.{{sfn\|Bosworth\|1985}} His reign lasted five months before he was overthrown by his twin [[Ma'sud I of Ghazni\|Ma'sud I]], after which he was blinded and imprisoned. Nine years later he was reinstated for a year before being slain by his nephew [[Maw'dud Ghaznavi\|Maw'dud]]. According to [[Ferishta]], his reign lasted only 50 days before he was blinded and imprisoned on the order of [[Ma'sud I of Ghazni\|Ma'sud I]]. A year later he was executed by his nephew [[Maw'dud Ghaznavi\|Maw'dud]] after losing a battle in Nangrahar.
Line 33:		Line 34:
	Later, when the [[Seljuq dynasty\|Seljuk]]s were overrunning the western parts of the Ghaznavid Empire, a mutiny among the Ghaznavid troops placed Mohammad back upon the throne, and he had his brother Mas'ud imprisoned in turn. He promoted his son Ahmad, allied with Suleiman ibn Yusuf, giving him the actual day-to-day running of affairs. They are reported to have been behind the assassination of Mas'ud I while he was imprisoned.		Later, when the [[Seljuq dynasty\|Seljuk]]s were overrunning the western parts of the Ghaznavid Empire, a mutiny among the Ghaznavid troops placed Mohammad back upon the throne, and he had his brother Mas'ud imprisoned in turn. He promoted his son Ahmad, allied with Suleiman ibn Yusuf, giving him the actual day-to-day running of affairs. They are reported to have been behind the assassination of Mas'ud I while he was imprisoned.

	Muhammad sent a missive to Mas'ud's son, Mawdud, in Tukharistan explaining his father's murder was an act of revenge perpetrated by the sons of Mas'ud's former general in India.{{sfn\|Bosworth\|1995\|p=20}} Upon learning of his father's murder, Maw'dud marched his army towards Ghazni.{{sfn\|Bosworth\|1995\|p=22}}		Muhammad sent a missive to Mas'ud's son, Mawdud, in Tukharistan explaining his father's murder was an act of revenge perpetrated by the sons of Mas'ud's former general in India.{{sfn\|Bosworth\|1995\|p=20}} Upon learning of his father's murder, Maw'dud marched his army towards Ghazni.{{sfn\|Bosworth\|1995\|p=22}}

	Muhammad fled with his army in the face of Maw'dud's invasion, losing Ghazni in the process.{{sfn\|Bosworth\|1995\|p=22}} Maw'dud wintered in Ghazni,{{sfn\|Bosworth\|1995\|p=22}} then met Muhammad's army on 19 March 1041 in the province of Nangrahar.{{sfn\|Bosworth\|1995\|p=23}} Maw'dud personally led the attack, defeating Muhammad's army; thereafter, Maw'dud had Muhammad and his family executed.{{sfn\|Bosworth\|1995\|p=23-24}}		Muhammad fled with his army in the face of Maw'dud's invasion, losing Ghazni in the process.{{sfn\|Bosworth\|1995\|p=22}} Maw'dud wintered in Ghazni,{{sfn\|Bosworth\|1995\|p=22}} then met Muhammad's army on 19 March 1041 in the province of Nangrahar.{{sfn\|Bosworth\|1995\|p=23}} Maw'dud personally led the attack, defeating Muhammad's army; thereafter, Maw'dud had Muhammad and his family executed.{{sfn\|Bosworth\|1995\|p=23-24}}

>Berrely: Reverted edits by 106.208.156.225 (talk) (HG) (3.4.10)

2021-09-14T16:13:09Z

Reverted edits by 106.208.156.225 (talk) (HG) (3.4.10)

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:43, 14 September 2021
(No difference)

imported>Dilbahar Marwat at 12:30, 12 August 2021

2021-08-12T12:30:36Z

New page

{{Infobox monarch
|name='''Muhammad'''
|succession=[[Sultan]] of the [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid Empire]]
|image=MohammadGhaznavidCoin.jpg
|caption=shashi
|reign=1030-1030<br/>1040-1041{{sfn|Bosworth|1996|p=296}}
|coronation=
|predecessor=[[Mahmud of Ghazni]]
|successor=[[Mas'ud I of Ghazni]] (1030)<br/>[[Mawdud of Ghazni]] (1041)
|queen=Daughter of [[Abu'l-Nasr Muhammad]]
|issue='Abd al-Rahman<br/>Ahmad
|royal house=[[Ghaznavids]]
|father=[[Mahmud of Ghazni]]
|mother=
|birth_date=998
|birth_place=[[Ghazni]] (now in [[Afghanistan]])
|death_date={{death year and age|1041|998}}
|death_place=Ghazni
|place of burial=Ghazni
|religion=[[Sunni Islam]]
}}
'''Muhammad of Ghazni''' ({{lang-fa|محمد غزنوی}}) (died 1041) was ''[[sultan]]'' of the [[Ghaznavids|Ghaznavid Empire]] briefly in 1030, and then later from 1040 to 1041. He ascended the throne upon the death of his father [[Mahmud of Ghazni|Mahmud]] in 1030. He was the younger of a set of twins; this circumstance resulted in civil strife.{{sfn|Bosworth|1985}} His reign lasted five months before he was overthrown by his twin [[Ma'sud I of Ghazni|Ma'sud I]], after which he was blinded and imprisoned. Nine years later he was reinstated for a year before being slain by his nephew [[Maw'dud Ghaznavi|Maw'dud]]. According to [[Ferishta]], his reign lasted only 50 days before he was blinded and imprisoned on the order of [[Ma'sud I of Ghazni|Ma'sud I]]. A year later he was executed by his nephew [[Maw'dud Ghaznavi|Maw'dud]] after losing a battle in Nangrahar.

==Biography==
Mohammed was born along with his elder twin brother Mas'ud in 998 at the Ghaznavid capital of [[Ghazni]]. In ca. 1008, Mohammad married the daughter of the [[Farighunid]] ruler [[Abu'l-Nasr Muhammad]]. Two years later after the death of Abu'l-Nasr Muhammad, Mohammad was appointed by his father as the governor of [[Guzgan]], thus putting an end to the native Farighunid dynasty of Guzgan.

In 1030, Mahmud, because of his bad relations with his heir Mas'ud, changed his opinion, and appointed Mohammad as his heir,{{sfn|Bosworth|1975|p=187}} who was much less experienced in government and military affairs than Mas'ud. Mahmud shortly died, and was succeeded by Mohammad, who then appointed [[Abu Sahl Hamduwi]] as his ''[[vizier]]''. At his accession, much power of the state was under the former ''vizier'' [[Hasanak Mikali]] and military officer [[Ali ibn Il-Arslan]], who greatly administered the state. Muhammad shortly appointed his uncle Yusuf ibn Sabuktigin as the commander-in-chief of the army. Although Muhammad did not possess any real power, his empire flourished.{{sfn|Bosworth|2011|p=101}} Soon, however, Muhammad's slave troops (''[[ghulam]]'') railed under Abu'l-Najm Ayaz, who had openly changed his allegiance to Muhammad's brother Mas'ud, whose military campaigns in western Iran had earned him a great reputation.{{sfn|Bosworth|1975|p=187}} Ayaz was shortly joined by other military officers such as [[Ali Daya]]. Muhammad then sent an army under his general Suvendharay to quell the rebellion, but the rebels eventually emerged victorious and killed Suvendharay. The victorious rebels then went to Mas'ud, who was at [[Nishapur]].{{sfn|Bosworth|2011|p=101}}

Eventually, Yusuf ibn Sabuktigin and Ali ibn Il-Arslan along with the rest of the Ghaznavid army also joined Mas'ud.{{sfn|Bosworth|1975|p=187}} Mas'ud then marched towards Ghazni, where he defeated Muhammad and had him imprisoned, while crowning himself as the new Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire.

According to [[Ferishta]], differences between Muhammad and his twin brother Mas'ud became worse by this time. Eventually, Muhammad prepared an army to attack Mas'ud. He encamped with his army at the place of "Nakiya-abaad/Nakbat-abaad" for a month, where most of his leaders and army revolted against him. They arrested and imprisoned Muhammad, and welcomed Mas'ud as their new leader.

Later, when the [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuk]]s were overrunning the western parts of the Ghaznavid Empire, a mutiny among the Ghaznavid troops placed Mohammad back upon the throne, and he had his brother Mas'ud imprisoned in turn. He promoted his son Ahmad, allied with Suleiman ibn Yusuf, giving him the actual day-to-day running of affairs. They are reported to have been behind the assassination of Mas'ud I while he was imprisoned.

Muhammad sent a missive to Mas'ud's son, Mawdud, in Tukharistan explaining his father's murder was an act of revenge perpetrated by the sons of Mas'ud's former general in India.{{sfn|Bosworth|1995|p=20}} Upon learning of his father's murder, Maw'dud marched his army towards Ghazni.{{sfn|Bosworth|1995|p=22}}

Muhammad fled with his army in the face of Maw'dud's invasion, losing Ghazni in the process.{{sfn|Bosworth|1995|p=22}} Maw'dud wintered in Ghazni,{{sfn|Bosworth|1995|p=22}} then met Muhammad's army on 19 March 1041 in the province of Nangrahar.{{sfn|Bosworth|1995|p=23}} Maw'dud personally led the attack, defeating Muhammad's army; thereafter, Maw'dud had Muhammad and his family executed.{{sfn|Bosworth|1995|p=23-24}}

==See also==
*[[Ghaznavids]]
*[[Ghurid Dynasty]]
*[[Khosro of Ghazni]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book | title = The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs | year = 1975 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | editor-last = Frye | editor-first = R. N. | last = Bosworth | first = C. E. | author-link = C. E. Bosworth | chapter = The early Ghaznavids | pages = 162–198 | isbn = 0-521-20093-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hvx9jq_2L3EC&q=the+cambridge+history+of+iran+4}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = ʿALĪ B. IL-ARSLAN QARĪB | last = Bosworth | first = C. Edmund | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ali-b-34 | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 8 | pages = 872 | location = London et al. | publisher = C. Edmund Bosworth | year = 1985 }}
*{{cite book | last = Bosworth | first = C. E | title = The Later Ghaznavids: Splendour and Decay: The Dynasty in Afghanistan and Northern India 1040-1186 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YhHVPQAACAAJ&q=The+Later+Ghaznavids | year = 1995 | isbn = 9788121505772 | access-date = 9 May 2014}}
* {{cite book |first=C.E. |last=Bosworth |title=The New Islamic Dynasties |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1996 }}
* {{cite book | title = The Ornament of Histories: A History of the Eastern Islamic Lands AD 650-1041: The Persian Text of Abu Sa'id 'Abd Al-Hayy Gardizi | year = 2011 | publisher = I.B.Tauris | last = Bosworth | first = C. E. | author-link = C. E. Bosworth | pages = 1–169 | isbn = 978-1-84885-353-9 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VG36ym3H3CQC&q=false}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box|
before=[[Mahmud of Ghazni|Mahmud]]|
title=[[Ghaznavid]] [[Sultan]]|
years=1030–1031|
after=[[Mas'ud I of Ghazni|Mas'ud I]]
}}
{{succession box|
before=[[Mas'ud I of Ghazni|Mas'ud I]]|
title=[[Ghaznavid]] [[Sultan]]|
years=1040–1041|
after=[[Maw'dud Ghaznavi]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Ghaznavid sultans}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghaznavi, Mohammad}}
[[Category:998 births]]
[[Category:1041 deaths]]
[[Category:11th-century rulers in Asia]]
[[Category:Ghaznavid rulers]]
[[Category:Medieval India]]
[[Category:Blind royalty and nobility]]