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{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name=Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi
|office1= 1st Principal of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
|term_start1= 1866
|term_end1= 1883
|predecessor1 = "office established"
|successor1= Syed Ahmad Dehlavi
|birth_date= 1833
|birth_place= [[Nanauta]], [[Company rule in India|British India]]
|death_date= {{death year and age|1884|1833}}
|death_place= [[Nanauta]], [[British Raj|British India]]
|occupation= Islamic scholar
|father = [[Mamluk Ali Nanautawi]]
|relatives = [[Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri]] (nephew)
|serviceyears = 1857
|battles = [[Indian War of Independence]]
*{{small|[[Battle of Shamli]]}}
|module = {{Infobox religious biography|embed = yes
|religion= [[Islam]]
|denomination = [[Sunni]]
|jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]
|creed = [[Maturidi]]
}}}}

'''Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi''' (1833–1884) was an [[India]]n [[Islamic scholar]], and one of the earliest teachers of Islamic Madrassa in Deoband, famously called [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] in India. He was the first principal of Darul Uloom Deoband.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Tayyab |first= Muhammad|date=1990 |title=The Role of Shaikh-Ul-Hind Maulana Mahmud-Ul-Hasan in the Indian Freedom Movement|year=1990|publisher= [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |type=MPhil|page = 20}}</ref>

==Name and lineage==
His [[Arabic name#Ism|ism]] ([[given name]]) was Muhammad Yaqub. His ''[[nasab]]'' ([[patronymic]]) is: Muhammad Yaqub ibn [[Mamluk Ali Nanautawi|Mamluk Ali]] ibn Ahmad Ali ibn Ghulam Sharaf ibn Abdullah ibn Abd al-Fath ibn Muhammad Mu'in ibn Abd al-Sami ibn Muhammad Hashim ibn Shah Muhammad ibn Qadhi Taha ibn Mubarak ibn Amanullah ibn Jamaluddin ibn Qadhi Meeran ibn Mazharuddin ibn Najmuddin Saani ibn Nuruddin Rab'i ibn Qiyamuddin ibn Ziya-ud-din ibn Nuruddin Salis ibn Najmuddin ibn Nuruddin Saani ibn Ruknuddin ibn Rafi-ud-Din ibn Baha'uddin ibn Shihabuddin ibn Khwaja Yusuf ibn Khalil ibn Sadruddin ibn Ruknuddin Samarqandi ibn Sadruddin al-Haaj ibn Ismaeel ash-Shaheed ibn Nuruddin al-Qitaal ibn Mahmood ibn Baha-ud-din ibn Abdullah ibn Zakariyyah ibn Nur ibn Sirah ibn Shadi as-Siddiqi ibn Waheeduddin ibn Masood ibn Abd al-Razaq ibn [[Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr|Qasim]] ibn [[Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr|Muhammad]] ibn [[Abu Bakr]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Professor Nur al-Hasan Sherkoti |editor1-last=Deobandi |editor1-first=Nawaz |editor1-link=Nawaz Deobandi |title=Sawaneh Ulama-e-Deoband |publisher=Nawaz Publications |location=[[Deoband]] |pages=90–214 |edition=January 2000 |language=ur |chapter=Hadhrat Mawlana Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Muhammad Yaqub was born in 1833,<ref name="asir">{{Cite book|title=Tazkirah Mashāhīr-e-Hind: Karwān-e-Rafta|author=Asir Adrawi|author-link=Asir Adrawi|pages= 269|location=[[Deoband]]|publisher= Darul Muallifeen |language=ur |edition = 2 April 2016}}</ref> coinciding 13 [[Safar]] 1249 [[Hijri year|AH]] in [[British India]], in the town of [[Nanauta]], part of the [[Saharanpur District]] of the modern province of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="mahbub">{{cite book |last1=Rizwi |first1=Syed Mehboob |translator=Murtaz Husain F Quraishi |author-link1=Syed Mehboob Rizwi |title= Tarikh Darul Uloom Deoband
|trans-title= History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband |volume = 2 |pages=126–131|publisher=[[Darul Uloom Deoband]] |location=[[Deoband]] |edition=1981}}</ref> His father, Mamluk Ali, was one of the senior Muslim scholars of India at the time, and the head of Oriental Studies at ''Madrassa Gaziuddin Khan''. Muhammad Yaqub studied most of the Islamic sciences under his father and Shah Abd al-Ghani Mujaddidi.<ref name="mahbub"/> His other teachers include [[Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri]].{{fact|date=June 2021}}

Muhammad Yaqub was trained in tasawwuf under [[Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki|Haji Imdadullah]] and received ''khilafah'' (authorization) from him in the [[Chishti]], [[Naqshbandi]], [[Qadiri]], and [[Suhrawardiyya|Suhrawardi]] orders.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Aamir Bashir|title=Shari'at and Tariqat: A Study of the Deobandi Understanding and Practice of Tasawwuf|website=ilmresources.wordpress.com|url=https://ilmresources.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/Shariat-Tariqat-A-Study-of-the-Deobandi-Understanding-and-Practice-of-Tasawwuf.pdf|access-date=30 July 2019}}</ref>

==Career==
In 1852, Muhammad Yaqub was appointed as a teacher in Government College Ajmer. At the recommendation of the College principal, he was offered the post of Deputy collector, which he rejected. He was transferred to Banaras, and later promoted to the post of Deputy Inspector, Saharanpur.<ref name="mahbub" />

In 1866, Muhammad Yaqub was appointed as the principal of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]].<ref name="mahbub" /> Concerning his appointment in the Deoband seminary, [[Muhammad Miyan Deobandi]] writes that, "Seeing the increase in students day to day, it became a concern to get good teachers and thus Maulana Muhammad Yaqub was called to be the principal who was then teaching either in Ajmer or somewhere else."<ref name="miyan">{{Cite book|title=Ulama-e-Haq Ke Mujahidana Karname |volume=1|author=Syed Muhammad Miyan Deobandi|author-link=Syed Muhammad Miyan Deobandi|publisher=Faisal Publications|location=Deoband|page=51}}</ref>

Students of Muhammad Yaqub include most of the second-generation Islamic scholars<ref name="asir" /> such as [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]], [[Aziz-ur-Rahman Usmani]], [[Sayyid Mumtaz Ali]],<ref name="sumit">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GEPYbuzOwcQC&q=mumtaz+ali+deobandi&pg=PA360 |access-date=29 August 2020|title=Women and Social Reform in Modern India: A Reader|isbn=9780253352699|last1=Sarkar|first1=Sumit|last2=Sarkar|first2=Tanika|year=2008}}</ref> [[Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad]], [[Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri]] and [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]].<ref name="mahbub" />

==Death and legacy==
Muhammad Yaqub Nanautavi died of cholera at age 51 in 1884 and was buried in his hometown, [[Nanauta]].<ref name="mahbub" />

==Family life==
Muhammad Yaqub was maternal uncle of the Hadith scholar [[Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri]].<ref name="asir" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Hanafi scholars}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi}}
[[Category:1833 births]]
[[Category:1884 deaths]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:19th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:People of British India]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband faculty]]
[[Category:People from Nanauta]]

Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi - Revision history

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