->JohnsonJohnson82 at 00:42, 27 June 2021

2021-06-27T00:42:26Z

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{{Infobox person
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| birth_date = {{Birth year|1938|}}
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| death_date = {{Death year and age|2016|1938}}
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| title = Shaykhul Islam
}}
'''Muhammad Surur bin Nayif Zayn al-'Abidin''' ({{lang-ar|محمد سرور بن نايف زين العابدين}}; 1938 – 11 November 2016)<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Haykel|editor1-first=Bernard|editor2-last=Hegghammer|editor2-first=Thomas|editor3-last=Lacroix|editor3-first=Stéphane|title=Saudi Arabia in Transition: Insights on Social, Political, Economic and Religious Change|date=31 Jan 2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781316194195|page=171}}</ref> was a former [[Syrian Muslim Brotherhood]] member.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hassan |first=Hassan |date=November 13, 2016 |title=Muhammad Surur and the normalisation of extremism |url=http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/muhammad-surur-and-the-normalisation-of-extremism#full | work=The Nation }}</ref> He is credited with developing the Islamist trend that later came to be known as [[Sururism]] (or Sururi), which combines "the organisational methods and political worldview of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] with the theological puritanism of [[Wahhabism]]."<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Moghadam|editor1-first=Assaf|editor2-last=Fishman|editor2-first=Brian|title=Fault Lines in Global Jihad: Organizational, Strategic, and Ideological Fissures|date=10 May 2011|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781136710582|page=187}}</ref> His developed trend is described as being "instrumental in promoting a politicised version of [[Wahhabism]] in the [Saudi] kingdom." However, while he supported the non-violent criticism of Muslim rulers, he rejected attempts to overthrow the regimes of Muslim countries as a source of [[fitna (word)|fitna]] (civil strife and chaos).<ref>{{cite book|author1=Joas Wagemakers|title=A Quietist Jihadi: The Ideology and Influence of Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi|date=11 Jun 2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781139510899|pages=34, 77}}</ref> Surur also wrote a highly popular anti-Shia book called ''Wa Ja'a Dawr al-[[Majus]]'' (The Era of the Magians Has Come),<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Moghadam|editor1-first=Assaf|editor2-last=Fishman|editor2-first=Brian|title=Fault Lines in Global Jihad: Organizational, Strategic, and Ideological Fissures|date=10 May 2011|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781136710582|pages=187–8}}</ref> published in 1984, where he explains that the Iranian Revolution is nothing but the starting point for a strategy of Shiite domination of the Middle East.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Khatib|editor1-first=Lina|editor2-last=Lust|editor2-first=Ellen|title=Taking to the Streets: The Transformation of Arab Activism|date=16 Apr 2014|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=9781421413112|page=318|edition=illustrated, reprint}}</ref> The book was quoted extensively by [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Jerrold D. Green|author2=Frederic M. Wehrey|author3=Charles Wolf|title=Understanding Iran|date=2009|publisher=Rand Corporation|isbn=9780833045584|page=121}}</ref>

==Life==
He was born in the [[Hawran]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Stephane Lacroix|author2=George Holoch|title=Awakening Islam|date=2011|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674049642|page=69|edition=illustrated}}</ref> In the mid-1960s, while still a member of the Syrian Brotherhood, Surur started to criticise the group, e.g. for its toleration of [[Sufi]] Brotherhood members.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Haykel|editor1-first=Bernard|editor2-last=Hegghammer|editor2-first=Thomas|editor3-last=Lacroix|editor3-first=Stéphane|title=Saudi Arabia in Transition: Insights on Social, Political, Economic and Religious Change|date=31 Jan 2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781316194195|page=171}}</ref> This discord partly led to him settling in [[Saudi Arabia]] in 1965.<ref>{{cite book|author1=John Calvert|title=Sayyid Qutb and the Origins of Radical Islamism|date=22 Nov 2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199326877|page=276}}</ref> After being expelled from Saudi Arabia in 1974 (due to received reports denouncing his activities as subversive),<ref>{{cite book|author1=Stephane Lacroix|author2=George Holoch|title=Awakening Islam|date=2011|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674049642|page=70|edition=illustrated}}</ref> he moved to [[Kuwait]] (where he founded the publishing house Dar al-arqam);<ref>{{cite book|author1=Stephane Lacroix|author2=George Holoch|title=Awakening Islam|date=2011|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674049642|page=293|edition=illustrated}}</ref> later settling in the [[U.K.]] in 1984 (where he founded the Center for Islamic Studies),<ref>{{cite book|author1=Stephane Lacroix|author2=George Holoch|title=Awakening Islam|date=2011|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674049642|page=154|edition=illustrated}}</ref> before finally moving to [[Jordan]] in 2004.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Haykel|editor1-first=Bernard|editor2-last=Hegghammer|editor2-first=Thomas|editor3-last=Lacroix|editor3-first=Stéphane|title=Saudi Arabia in Transition: Insights on Social, Political, Economic and Religious Change|date=31 Jan 2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781316194195|pages=171–2}}</ref>

==Influence==
Surur admired [[Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al ash-Sheikh]] and was himself initially admired by [[Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi]]—who later considered him to be too lenient towards the Muslim rulers.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Joas Wagemakers|title=A Quietist Jihadi: The Ideology and Influence of Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi|date=11 Jun 2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781139510899|pages=77, 239}}</ref> Surur has also influenced [[Safar Al-Hawali]] and [[Salman al-Ouda]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Robert G. Rabil|title=Salafism in Lebanon: From Apoliticism to Transnational Jihadism|date=26 Sep 2014|publisher=Georgetown University Press|isbn=9781626161177|page=55}}</ref>

After the death of Muhammad Surur in [[Doha]], [[Abdulrazzaq al-Mahdi]] released condolences upon him and commented on his impact.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/hxhassan/status/804946242874802176 |last=Hassan |first=Hassan |date= 2 December 2016 |website=Twitter }}</ref>

==Works==
*''Wa Ja'a Dawr al-[[Majus]]'' (The Era of the Magians Has Come)
*''Al-salafiyya bayna al-wula wal-ghula'' (Salafism between the Rulers and the Extremists)<ref>{{cite book|author1=Stephane Lacroix|author2=George Holoch|title=Awakening Islam|date=2011|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674049642|page=331|edition=illustrated}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Sahwa movement]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.surour.net/ www.surour.net] - His website {{in lang|ar}}<ref>{{cite book|author1=Stephane Lacroix|author2=George Holoch|title=Awakening Islam|date=2011|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674049642|page=315|edition=illustrated}}</ref>

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Surur, Muhammad}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Syrian Islamists]]
[[Category:Syrian Salafis]]
[[Category:Syrian writers]]
[[Category:Syrian expatriates in Saudi Arabia]]
[[Category:Syrian expatriates in Kuwait]]
[[Category:Syrian expatriates in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Syrian expatriates in Jordan]]
[[Category:Critics of Shia Islam]]
[[Category:Muslim Brotherhood of Syria politicians]]

Muhammad Surur - Revision history

->JohnsonJohnson82 at 00:42, 27 June 2021