Muhammad Hamidullah - Revision history

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			{{Short description\|Indian scholar and polymath}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=February 2020}}		{{EngvarB\|date=February 2020}}
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	\| influenced = [[Contemporary Islamic philosophy]]		\| influenced = [[Contemporary Islamic philosophy]]
	\| notable_ideas = Evolution of [[Islamic]], [[International Law]]		\| notable_ideas = Evolution of [[Islamic]], [[International Law]]
	\|teacher= [[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]] ~~Abdul~~ Wafa ~~Mahmood~~ Al-Afghani		\|teacher= [[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]], [[Abul Wafa Al Afghani]]<ref name="khutbaat">{{Cite book\|title=Khutbaat-e-Bahawalpur\|chapter=Islami Qanoon Bain al-Mamalik\|page=138\|first=Muhammad\|last=Hamidullah\|publisher=Hafzi Book Depot, [[Deoband]]}}</ref>
	<ref name="khutbaat">{{Cite book\|title=Khutbaat-e-Bahawalpur\|chapter=Islami Qanoon Bain al-Mamalik\|page=138\|first=Muhammad\|last=Hamidullah\|publisher=Hafzi Book Depot, [[Deoband]]}}</ref>
	}}		}}
	'''Muhammad Hamidullah''' ({{lang-ur\|{{nq\| محمد حمیداللہ}}}}) 19 February 1908 – 17 December 2002) [[Doctor of Philosophy\|D. Phil.]], [[Doctor of Letters\|D. Litt.]], [[Hilal-e-Imtiaz\|HI]], was a [[~~Muhaddith~~]], [[~~Faqih~~]]~~, scholar of~~ [[Islamic law]] and an academic author with over 250 books.<ref name="albalagh.net"/> A prolific writer, his extensive works on Islamic science, history and culture have been published in several languages and many thousands of articles in learned journals.<ref>[http://oumma.com/Hommage-au-Professeur-Muhammad Hommage au Professeur Muhammad Hamidullah]</ref> His scholarship is regarded by many as unparalleled in the last century. A double doctorate ([[~~D.Phil.]] and [[D.Litt.~~]]) and a [[polymath]]~~, he was fluent~~ in 22 languages including Urdu (his mother tongue), Persian, Arabic, French, English, German, Italian, Greek, Turkish, Russian ~~etc~~. He ~~learned~~ Thai at the age of 84.<ref name="albalagh.net">{{cite web \| url=http://www.albalagh.net/general/dr_hamidullah.shtml \| title=Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah: Great Scholar, Simple Man \| date=21 December 2002 \| publisher=albalagh.net \| accessdate=14 June 2019 }}</ref>		'''Muhammad Hamidullah''' ({{lang-ur\|{{nq\| محمد حمیداللہ}}}}) 19 February 1908 – 17 December 2002) [[Doctor of Philosophy\|D. Phil.]], [[Doctor of Letters\|D. Litt.]], [[Hilal-e-Imtiaz\|HI]], was a scholar of [[Hadith\|hadiths]] (''[[muhaddith]])'' and [[Sharia\|Islamic law]] ([[Faqīh\|faqih]]) and a prolific academic author. A [[polymath]] with competence in 22 languages, including Urdu (his mother tongue), Persian, Arabic, French, English, German, Italian, Greek, Turkish, and Russian, his dozens of books and hundreds of articles on [[Islamic sciences\|Islamic science]], [[History of Islam\|history]] and [[Islamic culture\|culture]] appeared in several languages. He was still studying Thai at the age of 84.<ref name="albalagh.net">{{cite web \| url=http://www.albalagh.net/general/dr_hamidullah.shtml \| title=Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah: Great Scholar, Simple Man \| date=21 December 2002 \| publisher=albalagh.net \| accessdate=14 June 2019 }}</ref><ref>[http://oumma.com/Hommage-au-Professeur-Muhammad Hommage au Professeur Muhammad Hamidullah]</ref>

	==Early life and background==		==Early life and background==
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	He earned his BA, LLB and MA at [[Osmania University]]. He travelled to Germany and was awarded D.Phil. by [[Bonn University]] in 1932. After serving in the faculty of Bonn as a lecturer in Arabic and Urdu for a short time, he went to France and registered at [[Sorbonne University]] for his second doctorate. He was awarded D.Litt. by the university after 11 months. He taught international law at Osmania University between 1936 and 1946.{{citation needed\|date=January 2017}}		He earned his BA, LLB and MA at [[Osmania University]]. He travelled to Germany and was awarded D.Phil. by [[Bonn University]] in 1932. After serving in the faculty of Bonn as a lecturer in Arabic and Urdu for a short time, he went to France and registered at [[Sorbonne University]] for his second doctorate. He was awarded D.Litt. by the university after 11 months. He taught international law at Osmania University between 1936 and 1946.{{citation needed\|date=January 2017}}

	His ancestors and extended family ~~are~~ [[~~jurist~~]]s, writers and [[Administration (business)\|administrators]]. His great grandfather Maulvi Mohammed Ghauth Sharfu'l-Mulk (d. 1822) was scholar of Islamic sciences, writing over 30 books in Arabic, Persian and Urdu, including a seven volume exegesis of the Qur'an. His paternal grandfather [[Qadi]] Mohammed Sibghatullah was a jurist and a scholar of repute writing an exegesis of the Holy Qu'ran as well as other books. He was also appointed Chief Judge of [[Madras]] (now Chennai) in 1855.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://dr-mhaleem-issori.zoomshare.com/11.html \|title=Archived copy \|accessdate=2013-03-26 \|url-status=dead \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419165417/http://dr-mhaleem-issori.zoomshare.com/11.html \|archivedate=19 April 2014 \|df=mdy }}</ref>		His ancestors and extended family were [[jurists]], writers and [[Administration (business)\|administrators]]. His great grandfather Maulvi Mohammed Ghauth Sharfu'l-Mulk (d. 1822) was scholar of Islamic sciences, writing over 30 books in Arabic, Persian and Urdu, including a seven volume exegesis of the Qur'an. His paternal grandfather [[Qadi]] Mohammed Sibghatullah was a jurist and a scholar of repute writing an exegesis of the Holy Qu'ran as well as other books. He was also appointed Chief Judge of [[Madras]] (now Chennai) in 1855.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://dr-mhaleem-issori.zoomshare.com/11.html \|title=Archived copy \|accessdate=2013-03-26 \|url-status=dead \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419165417/http://dr-mhaleem-issori.zoomshare.com/11.html \|archivedate=19 April 2014 \|df=mdy }}</ref>

	Hamidullah's father Mufti Abu Mohammed Khalilullah, was a scholar of Islamic jurisprudence, a director of revenue in the government of [[Nizam]] ~~of Hyderabad~~, and the pioneer in establishing an interest-free banking system in Hyderabad.<ref name="Hamidullah, translator of the Quran"/>		Hamidullah's father Mufti Abu Mohammed Khalilullah, was a scholar of Islamic jurisprudence, a director of revenue in the government of [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], and the pioneer in establishing an interest-free banking system in Hyderabad.<ref name="Hamidullah, translator of the Quran"/>

	==Career==		==Career==
	In 1948, Hamidullah was appointed by the [[Nizam]] as part of the delegation sent to London and the United Nations in New York to seek support against the invasion of the Nizam's territories by Indian Forces.<ref name="Hamidullah, translator of the Quran">[http://www.islamonline.com/news/articles/7/Muhammad-Hamidullah-Translator-of-the-Quran.html ~~Muhammad Hamidullah: Translator of the Quran] {{webarchive~~ \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313172712/http://www.islamonline.com/news/articles/7/Muhammad-Hamidullah-Translator-of-the-Quran.html \|date=13 March 2013 }}</ref> Subsequently, he moved to Pakistan and was involved in writing of [[Pakistan]]'s constitution after partition of India and Pakistan in 1947.<ref name="albalagh.net"/>		In 1948, Hamidullah was appointed by the [[Nizam]] as part of the delegation sent to London and the United Nations in New York to seek support against the invasion of the Nizam's territories by Indian Forces.<ref name="Hamidullah, translator of the Quran">{{Cite web\|last=Hijazi\|first=Abu Tariq\|date=29 July 2011\|title=Hamidullah: Translator of the Quran\|url=http://www.islamonline.com/news/articles/7/Muhammad-Hamidullah-Translator-of-the-Quran.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313172712/http://www.islamonline.com/news/articles/7/Muhammad-Hamidullah-Translator-of-the-Quran.html\|archive-date=13 March 2013\|website=Islam Online}}</ref> Subsequently, he moved to Pakistan and was involved in writing of [[Pakistan]]'s constitution after partition of India and Pakistan in 1947.<ref name="albalagh.net"/>

	In 1948, he travelled to France, living there for virtually the remainder of his life, apart from travel to teaching posts he held in Turkey for a number of years. He also held a post with [[French National Centre for Scientific Research]] from 1954, which ended in 1978.		In 1948, he travelled to France, living there for virtually the remainder of his life, apart from travel to teaching posts he held in Turkey for a number of years. He also held a post with [[French National Centre for Scientific Research]] from 1954, which ended in 1978.
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	Hamidullah was the last remaining citizen of the erstwhile [[Hyderabad State]] (which following 1956 reorganisation was divided into 3 on linguistic basis, and absorbed into other states of India, most being in Andhra Pradesh, subsequently Telangana) and never obtained the citizenship of any other nation. Classed as a ''Refugee of Hyderabad'' by the French Government, which allowed him to stay in Paris, he remained exiled from his homeland after its annexation by the [[Indian Government]] in 1950. Hamidullah devoted his whole life to scholarship and did not marry.<ref name="Hamidullah, translator of the Quran"/>		Hamidullah was the last remaining citizen of the erstwhile [[Hyderabad State]] (which following 1956 reorganisation was divided into 3 on linguistic basis, and absorbed into other states of India, most being in Andhra Pradesh, subsequently Telangana) and never obtained the citizenship of any other nation. Classed as a ''Refugee of Hyderabad'' by the French Government, which allowed him to stay in Paris, he remained exiled from his homeland after its annexation by the [[Indian Government]] in 1950. Hamidullah devoted his whole life to scholarship and did not marry.<ref name="Hamidullah, translator of the Quran"/>

	Hamidullah is known for contributions to the research of [[Hadith]] history, translations of the [[Qur'an]] into multiple languages and in particular into French (first by a Muslim scholar) and for the monumental biography of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] in French. He is also famous for discovering a missing work on Muhammad regarded as one of his great contributions to the [[Hadith]] literature. The earliest Hadith manuscript still extant today, Sahifa Hammam bin Munabbah, was discovered in a Damascus library. Hammam bin Munabbah being a disciple of Sayyidina Abu Huraira, one of the [[Sahaba]].<ref>~~[http~~://www.thefreelibrary.com/Remembering+Muhammad+Hamidullah-a0119627464 Remembering Muhammad Hamidullah]</ref> It proved, that the earliest manuscripts had been absorbed into the much bigger later compilations.		Hamidullah is known for contributions to the research of [[Hadith]] history, translations of the [[Qur'an]] into multiple languages and in particular into French (first by a Muslim scholar) and for the monumental biography of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] in French. He is also famous for discovering a missing work on Muhammad regarded as one of his great contributions to the [[Hadith]] literature. The earliest Hadith manuscript still extant today, Sahifa Hammam bin Munabbah, was discovered in a Damascus library. Hammam bin Munabbah being a disciple of Sayyidina Abu Huraira, one of the [[Sahaba]].<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Kademoglu\|first=Mahmud Rifat\|date=1 June 2003\|title=Remembering Muhammad Hamidullah\|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Remembering+Muhammad+Hamidullah-a0119627464\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234603/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Remembering+Muhammad+Hamidullah-a0119627464\|archive-date=26 September 2007\|website=The Free Library\|publisher=Sherwood Park, Alberta, Canada: Center for Islam and Science}}</ref> It proved, that the earliest manuscripts had been absorbed into the much bigger later compilations.

	==Literary works==		==Literary works==
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	[[Category:University of Bonn faculty]]		[[Category:University of Bonn faculty]]
	[[Category:Translators of the Quran into French]]		[[Category:Translators of the Quran into French]]
	[[Category:Hyderabad State ~~people~~]]		[[Category:People from Hyderabad State]]
	[[Category:Sunni fiqh scholars]]		[[Category:Sunni fiqh scholars]]
	[[Category:Osmania University faculty]]		[[Category:Osmania University faculty]]

>JohnmgKing: /* Career */ removing honorific as per MOS:ISLAMHON

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{{EngvarB|date=February 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox religious biography

| era = Modern era
| image = Muhammad Hamidullah.jpg
| image_width =
| caption =


| name = Muhammad Hamidullah
| native_name = {{Nobold|{{lang|ur|{{nq|محمد حمیداللہ}}}}}}
| birth_date = 19 February 1908
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Hyderabad State]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2002|12|17|1908|02|09}}
| death_place = [[Jacksonville]], Florida, United States
| religion = [[Islam]]
| citizenship =
| nationality =
| school = [[Shafi‘i]]
| alma_mater = [[Jamia Nizamia]], [[Osmania University]], [[Bonn University]], [[Sorbonne University]]
| main_interests = [[Sharia|Islamic law]], [[International Law]], [[Quran]]ic [[Tafsir]] and [[Hadith]]
| influenced = [[Contemporary Islamic philosophy]]
| notable_ideas = Evolution of [[Islamic]], [[International Law]]
|teacher= [[Manazir Ahsan Gilani]] Abdul Wafa Mahmood Al-Afghani
<ref name="khutbaat">{{Cite book|title=Khutbaat-e-Bahawalpur|chapter=Islami Qanoon Bain al-Mamalik|page=138|first=Muhammad|last=Hamidullah|publisher=Hafzi Book Depot, [[Deoband]]}}</ref>
}}
'''Muhammad Hamidullah''' ({{lang-ur|{{nq| محمد حمیداللہ}}}}) 19 February 1908 – 17 December 2002) [[Doctor of Philosophy|D. Phil.]], [[Doctor of Letters|D. Litt.]], [[Hilal-e-Imtiaz|HI]], was a [[Muhaddith]], [[Faqih]], scholar of [[Islamic law]] and an academic author with over 250 books.<ref name="albalagh.net"/> A prolific writer, his extensive works on Islamic science, history and culture have been published in several languages and many thousands of articles in learned journals.<ref>[http://oumma.com/Hommage-au-Professeur-Muhammad Hommage au Professeur Muhammad Hamidullah]</ref> His scholarship is regarded by many as unparalleled in the last century. A double doctorate ([[D.Phil.]] and [[D.Litt.]]) and a [[polymath]], he was fluent in 22 languages including Urdu (his mother tongue), Persian, Arabic, French, English, German, Italian, Greek, Turkish, Russian etc. He learned Thai at the age of 84.<ref name="albalagh.net">{{cite web | url=http://www.albalagh.net/general/dr_hamidullah.shtml | title=Dr. Muhammad Hamidullah: Great Scholar, Simple Man | date=21 December 2002 | publisher=albalagh.net | accessdate=14 June 2019 }}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Hamidullah was from the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] area of [[British India]] and was born in Hyderabad, capital city of then [[Hyderabad State]], (now [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]), and hails from a family of scholars, the youngest amongst three brothers and five sisters. His family's roots lie in the [[Nawayath]] community, his ancestors were eminent scholars in their own right.<ref name="Hamidullah, translator of the Quran"/>

He earned his BA, LLB and MA at [[Osmania University]]. He travelled to Germany and was awarded D.Phil. by [[Bonn University]] in 1932. After serving in the faculty of Bonn as a lecturer in Arabic and Urdu for a short time, he went to France and registered at [[Sorbonne University]] for his second doctorate. He was awarded D.Litt. by the university after 11 months. He taught international law at Osmania University between 1936 and 1946.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}

His ancestors and extended family are [[jurist]]s, writers and [[Administration (business)|administrators]]. His great grandfather Maulvi Mohammed Ghauth Sharfu'l-Mulk (d. 1822) was scholar of Islamic sciences, writing over 30 books in Arabic, Persian and Urdu, including a seven volume exegesis of the Qur'an. His paternal grandfather [[Qadi]] Mohammed Sibghatullah was a jurist and a scholar of repute writing an exegesis of the Holy Qu'ran as well as other books. He was also appointed Chief Judge of [[Madras]] (now Chennai) in 1855.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dr-mhaleem-issori.zoomshare.com/11.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-03-26 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419165417/http://dr-mhaleem-issori.zoomshare.com/11.html |archivedate=19 April 2014 |df=mdy }}</ref>

Hamidullah's father Mufti Abu Mohammed Khalilullah, was a scholar of Islamic jurisprudence, a director of revenue in the government of [[Nizam]] of Hyderabad, and the pioneer in establishing an interest-free banking system in Hyderabad.<ref name="Hamidullah, translator of the Quran"/>

==Career==
In 1948, Hamidullah was appointed by the [[Nizam]] as part of the delegation sent to London and the United Nations in New York to seek support against the invasion of the Nizam's territories by Indian Forces.<ref name="Hamidullah, translator of the Quran">[http://www.islamonline.com/news/articles/7/Muhammad-Hamidullah-Translator-of-the-Quran.html Muhammad Hamidullah: Translator of the Quran] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313172712/http://www.islamonline.com/news/articles/7/Muhammad-Hamidullah-Translator-of-the-Quran.html |date=13 March 2013 }}</ref> Subsequently, he moved to Pakistan and was involved in writing of [[Pakistan]]'s constitution after partition of India and Pakistan in 1947.<ref name="albalagh.net"/>

In 1948, he travelled to France, living there for virtually the remainder of his life, apart from travel to teaching posts he held in Turkey for a number of years. He also held a post with [[French National Centre for Scientific Research]] from 1954, which ended in 1978.

In 1985, he was awarded the [[Hilal-e-Imtiaz]], the highest civilian award of Pakistan. The monetary part of the award was donated to the Islamic Research Academy, Islamabad.

Hamidullah was the last remaining citizen of the erstwhile [[Hyderabad State]] (which following 1956 reorganisation was divided into 3 on linguistic basis, and absorbed into other states of India, most being in Andhra Pradesh, subsequently Telangana) and never obtained the citizenship of any other nation. Classed as a ''Refugee of Hyderabad'' by the French Government, which allowed him to stay in Paris, he remained exiled from his homeland after its annexation by the [[Indian Government]] in 1950. Hamidullah devoted his whole life to scholarship and did not marry.<ref name="Hamidullah, translator of the Quran"/>

Hamidullah is known for contributions to the research of [[Hadith]] history, translations of the [[Qur'an]] into multiple languages and in particular into French (first by a Muslim scholar) and for the monumental biography of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] in French. He is also famous for discovering a missing work on Muhammad regarded as one of his great contributions to the [[Hadith]] literature. The earliest Hadith manuscript still extant today, Sahifa Hammam bin Munabbah, was discovered in a Damascus library. Hammam bin Munabbah being a disciple of Sayyidina Abu Huraira, one of the [[Sahaba]].<ref>[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Remembering+Muhammad+Hamidullah-a0119627464 Remembering Muhammad Hamidullah]</ref> It proved, that the earliest manuscripts had been absorbed into the much bigger later compilations.

==Literary works==
Having "authored over one hundred books in English, French, German, Arabic and Urdu, and about 1000 scholarly essays and articles on the various aspects of Islam and related areas",<ref>[[Abdul Azim Islahi]], ''Muhammad Hamidullah and His Pioneering Works on Islamic Economics'', King Abdulaziz University Press (2015), p. 13</ref> his notable publications include :
* ''The Muslim Conduct of State: Being a Treatise on Siyar (Siyar), General Introduction'' (1941, 1953)
* ''The First Written Constitution in the World'' (1941, 1975 and 1986)
* ''Islamic Notion of Conflict of Laws'' (1945)
* ''Die Rezeption Europaischen Rechts in Haiderabad'' (1953)
* ''Le "Livre des genenalogies" [D'al-Baladuriy by al-Baladuri]'' (1954)
* ''Introduction to Islam'' (from 1957 onwards in numerous languages besides English)
* ''Le Saint Coran: Traduction et commentaire de Muhammad Hamidullah avec la collaboration de M. Leturmy'' (from 1959 onwards)
* ''Muhammad Ibn Ishaq, the Biographer of the Holy Prophet'' (Pakistan Historical Society) (1967)
* ''Muhammad Rasulullah: A Concise Survey of the Life and Work of the Founder of Islam'' (1979)
* ''Islam: A General Picture'' (1980)
* ''Islam, Philosophy and Science: Four Public Lectures Organized By Unesco June 1980'' (editor) (1981)
* ''Why Fast?: Spiritual & Temporal Study of Fast in Islam (Centre Culturel Islamique Paris Series)'' (1982)
* ''The Prophet's Establishing a State and his Succession'' (1988)
* ''The Prophet of Islam: Prophet of Migration'' (1989)
* ''Kurʼân-ı Kerîm tarihi: Bir deneme (Ilmi eserler)'' (1991)
* ''Battlefields of the Prophet Muhammad'' (1992)
* ''Emergence of Islam'' (1993)
* ''Islam in a Nutshell'' (1996)
* ''The Life and Work of the Prophet of Islam'' (1998)

== See also ==
* [[Contemporary Islamic philosophy]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://hamidullah.info hamidullah.info]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamidullah, Muhammad}}
[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:International law scholars]]
[[Category:Philosophers of law]]
[[Category:Recipients of Hilal-i-Imtiaz]]
[[Category:University of Bonn alumni]]
[[Category:University of Paris alumni]]
[[Category:University of Bonn faculty]]
[[Category:Translators of the Quran into French]]
[[Category:Hyderabad State people]]
[[Category:Sunni fiqh scholars]]
[[Category:Osmania University faculty]]
[[Category:Osmania University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Pakistani emigrants to France]]
[[Category:Pakistani people of Hyderabadi descent]]
[[Category:Scholars from Hyderabad, India]]