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	[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]		[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
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			[[Category:Members of the Council of the Governor General of India]]

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{{refimprove|date=January 2016}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Muhammad Habibullah
| honorific-prefix = [[Khan Bahadur]]<br />Sir
| honorific-suffix = [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]] [[Order of the Indian Empire|KCIE]]
| image = MuhammadHabibullah.jpg
| smallimage =
| caption = A portrait of Sir Muhammad Habibullah
| office2 = Education Member of the Executive Council of the [[Viceroy of India]]
| predecessor2 = [[Sir Mohammed Shafi]]
| successor2 =
| monarch1 = [[Chithira Thirunal]]
| office1 = [[Diwan (title)|Dewan]] of [[Travancore]]
| predecessor1 =[[T. Austin (British civil servant)|T. Austin]]
| successor1 =[[Sir C. P. Ramaswami Iyer]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1869|09|22}}
| birth_place = [[Madras]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1948|05|16|1869|09|22}}
| death_place = Madras
| imagesize = 200px
| term_start1 = 1934
| term_end1 = 1936
| term_start2 = December 1924
| term_end2 = 1930
| governor_general2 = [[E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax]],<br>[[George Goschen, 2nd Viscount Goschen]] (acting)
| office3 = Revenue Member of the Executive Council of the [[Governor of Madras]]
| term_start3 = 17 December 1920
| term_end3 = 27 December 1924
| governor3 = [[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon]],<br />[[Charles Todhunter]] (acting),<br />George Goschen, 2nd Viscount Goschen
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 = [[T. E. Moir]]
}}

Khan Bahadur '''Sir Muhammad Habibullah''' [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]] [[Order of the Indian Empire|KCIE]] (22 September 1869 – 16 May 1948) was an Indian politician and administrator who served as the [[Dewan]] of [[Travancore]] from 1934 to 1936.

== Personal life ==
Habibullah was born in Madras (now [[Chennai]]) to Aushukh Hussain Khan Saheb on 22 September 1869.<ref name="muslimindiabiop144">{{cite book|title=Muslim India, 1857–1947: a biographical dictionary|pages=144|author=Aḥmad Saʻīd|publisher=Institute of Pakistan Historical Research|year=1997}}</ref> He was a member of the Arcot royal family and closely related to the [[Nawabs of Arcot]].<ref name="Morep34">{{cite book | title=The Political Evolution of Muslims in Tamilnadu and Madras, 1930–1947| last=More|pages=34 |first=J. B. Prashant| year=1997| publisher=Orient Longman}}</ref> He studied law at Zila High School in [[Saidapet]]<ref name="nalanda1947">{{cite book | title=Nalanda Year-book & Who's who in India| year=1947| pages=407}}</ref> and joined the bar at [[Vellore]] in July 1888.<ref name="nalanda1947" />

He was married to Sadathunissa Begum.<ref name="arcot">{{cite web|url=http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/ips/a/arcot.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020726093452/http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/ips/a/arcot.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 July 2002|title=Arcot (Princely State)|publisher=Indian princely states website}}</ref>

== Early political career ==
Habibullah was involved in local commerce politics and was elected honorary chairman of the Vellore municipality in 1895. He resigned from his legal practice upon being elected official secretary in September 1901, and served in that role until September 1905. He was then elected chairman, a position he held for 14 years (1905–1919). From July 1919 to January 1920, he was a member of the executive council of the Governor of Madras while [[P. Rajagopalachari]] was on leave.

In 1919, Habibullah was India's delegate to the first session of the [[League of Nations]].<ref name="nalanda1949">{{cite book | title=Nalanda Year-book & Who's who in India| year=1949| pages=453}}</ref> On 17 December 1920, he was appointed to the Governor's Executive Council for the [[Madras Presidency]] as the member for revenue, a post he held until 27 December 1924.<ref name="whoswho">{{cite book | title=The Times of India directory and year book including who's who| year=1922| pages=55| publisher=Bennett & Coleman Ltd|url=https://books.google.com/books?client=firefox-a&cd=2&id=NWQLAAAAIAAJ}}</ref> From 1925 to 1930, he was a member of the Executive Council of the [[Viceroy of India]].<ref name="nalanda1949" /> He also led India's delegation to South Africa from 1926 to 1927.<ref name="nalanda1949" />

== Dewan of Travancore ==
Habibullah was appointed Dewan of Travancore by [[Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma]], the [[Maharaja of Travancore]], on 15 March 1934, and remained in office for two years. During that time, many reforms were implemented in Travancore, particularly in its electoral system, state forces (the [[Nair Brigade]]) and civil services.

Immediately after taking office, he appointed a committee to determine the appropriate electoral representation for the state's various communities. Specific numbers of legislative seats were reserved for Christians, [[Ezhava]]s and [[Muslim]]s. However, because of objections by the [[Nair]]s—the military caste of Travancore—the issue was not resolved and was reopened in 1939.

In 1935, Habibullah appointed a public service commissioner. This was a new post in the civil services of Travancore, without caste or religious limitations. That same year, the Pallivasal Hydroelectric Scheme was created, allowing the production of electricity in Travancore on a large, profitable scale.

His next major activity concerned the Nair Brigade. In 1936, Travancore joined the [[Imperial Service Troops|Indian State Forces]], and the Nair Brigade and the Maharaja's Bodyguard came to be known collectively as the Travancore State Forces. At first, only Nairs were allowed to join, but legislation later opened military service to other castes as well. The maharaja himself was the colonel-in-chief of the forces.<ref>Travancore State Manual Volume II by TK Velu Pillai 1940</ref>

Habibullah retired in 1936 and was succeeded by Sir [[C.P. Ramaswami Iyer]]. He died in Travancore on 16 May 1948.

== Honours ==
Habibullah was awarded the title of Khan Bahadur by the Indian government in 1905.<ref name="muslimindiabiop144" /> He was made a [[Order of the Indian Empire|Companion of the Indian Empire]] in 1920 and a [[Knights Bachelor|Knight Bachelor]] in 1922.<ref name="burkep1885">{{cite book|title=Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage|pages=1885|publisher=Burke's Peerage Limited|year=1937}}</ref> In 1924, he was made a [[Order of the Star of India|Knight Commander of the Star of India]]<ref name="burkep1885" /> and promoted from a Companion of the Indian Empire to a Knight Commander of the Indian Empire.<ref name="burkep1885" />

[[Habibullah Road]] in [[T. Nagar]], Chennai, is named after him.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* {{cite book|title=Eminent Mussalmans|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.172559|publisher=[[G. A. Natesan]]|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.172559/page/n451 414]–423|year=1926}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box | title=Diwan of Travancore | before= [[Thomas Austin (civil servant)|T. Austin]] | after= [[C. P. Ramaswami Iyer]] | years= 1934 to 1936}}
{{s-end}}

{{Kingdom of Travancore}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Habibullah, Muhammad}}
[[Category:1869 births]]
[[Category:1948 deaths]]
[[Category:Diwans of Travancore]]
[[Category:Indian knights]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Members of Central Legislative Assembly of India]]

Muhammad Habibullah - Revision history

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

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