Muhammad Ghawth - Revision history

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	{{Use Indian English\|date=January 2019}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=January 2019}}
	{{Infobox religious biography		{{Infobox religious biography
	\| name = Muhammad Ghawth		\| name = Muhammad Ghawth
	\| image =		\| image =
	\| image_caption =		\| image_caption =
	\| birth_name = Muhammad Ghawth Gwaliyari		\| birth_name = Muhammad Ghawth Gwaliyari
	\| birth_date = {{birth year\|1500}}		\| birth_date = {{birth year\|1500}}
	\| birth_place = [[Gwalior]], [[India]]		\| birth_place = [[Gwalior]], [[India]]
	\| death_date = {{death year and age\|1562\|1500}}		\| death_date = {{death year and age\|1562\|1500}}
	\| death_place = Gwalior		\| death_place = Gwalior
	\| module = {{Infobox person \| monuments = Tomb of Mohammad Guaz ([[Archaeological Survey of India\|ASI]] [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Madhya Pradesh/West\|N-MP-147]]) }}		\| module = {{Infobox person \| monuments = Tomb of Mohammad Guaz ([[Archaeological Survey of India\|ASI]] [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Madhya Pradesh/West\|N-MP-147]]) }}
	\| occupation = Master of [[~~Suffism~~]], author, musician		\| occupation = Master of [[Sufism]], author, musician
	\| relatives = [[Attar of Nishapur]] (ancestor)		\| relatives = [[Attar of Nishapur]] (ancestor)
	\| successor = [[Ali Sher Bengali]]		\| successor = Ali Sher Bengali
	\| students = [[Ali Sher Bengali]], [[Shah Manjhan]], [[Wajihuddin Alvi]], [[Nagore Shahul Hamid]]		\| students = Ali Sher Bengali, [[Shah Manjhan]], [[Wajihuddin Alvi]], [[Nagore Shahul Hamid]]
			\| religion = [[Islam]]
	}}		}}
	'''Muhammad Ghawth''' ('''Ghouse''',<ref>[http://www.shattariyah.blogspot.com/ Shattari]</ref> '''Ghaus''' or '''Gwath'''<ref>[[Idries Shah]], ''[[The Sufis]]'' {{ISBN\|0-86304-020-9}} [[Octagon Press]] 1989 pp 335, 367</ref><ref>[[Idries Shah]], ''[[Tales of the Dervishes]]'' {{ISBN\|0-900860-47-2}} [[Octagon Press]] 1993 pp 111-112</ref>) '''Gwaliyari''' (1500–1562) was a 16th-century [[Sufism\|Sufi]] master of the [[Shattari]] order and Sufi saint, a musician,<ref name=ImagingSound>{{cite book \| last=Wade \| first=Bonnie C. \| title=Imaging Sound: An Ethnomusicological Study of Music, Art, and Culture in Mughal India (Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology) \| publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] \| year=1998 \| pages=[https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn00wade/page/113 113–115] \| isbn=0-226-86840-0 \| url-access=registration \| url=https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn00wade/page/113 }} See [https://books.google.com/books?id=4JGY8Yd2ChoC&dq=Muhammad+Ghaus+Tansen&pg=PA113 google book search].</ref> and the author of ''Jawahir-i Khams'' (Arabic: ''al-Jawahir al-Khams'', The Five Jewels). The book mentioning the life and miracles of Gaus named " Heaven's witness" was written by Kugle.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=A. Azfar\|first=Moin\|url=\|title=The millennial sovereign : sacred kingship and sainthood in Islam\|isbn=\|oclc=}}</ref>		'''Muhammad Ghawth''' ('''Ghouse''',<ref>[http://www.shattariyah.blogspot.com/ Shattari]</ref> '''Ghaus''' or '''Gwath'''<ref>[[Idries Shah]], ''[[The Sufis]]'' {{ISBN\|0-86304-020-9}} [[Octagon Press]] 1989 pp 335, 367</ref><ref>[[Idries Shah]], ''[[Tales of the Dervishes]]'' {{ISBN\|0-900860-47-2}} [[Octagon Press]] 1993 pp 111-112</ref>) '''Gwaliyari''' (1500–1562) was a 16th-century [[Sufism\|Sufi]] master of the [[Qadri Shattari]] order and Sufi saint, a musician,<ref name=ImagingSound>{{cite book \| last=Wade \| first=Bonnie C. \| title=Imaging Sound: An Ethnomusicological Study of Music, Art, and Culture in Mughal India (Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology) \| publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] \| year=1998 \| pages=[https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn00wade/page/113 113–115] \| isbn=0-226-86840-0 \| url-access=registration \| url=https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn00wade/page/113 }} See [https://books.google.com/books?id=4JGY8Yd2ChoC&dq=Muhammad+Ghaus+Tansen&pg=PA113 google book search].</ref> and the author of ''Jawahir-i Khams'' (Arabic: ''al-Jawahir al-Khams'', The Five Jewels). The book mentioning the life and miracles of Gaus named " Heaven's witness" was written by Kugle.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=A. Azfar\|first=Moin\|url=\|title=The millennial sovereign : sacred kingship and sainthood in Islam\|isbn=\|oclc=}}</ref>

	== Biography ==		== Biography ==
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	Muhammad Ghawth died in 1562 CE.<ref name="EncyclopediaReligionEthics" /> Ghawth's tomb, in [[Gwalior]] (a city in [[Madhya Pradesh]] in [[India]]), which was built in his honour by Akbar,<ref name="EncyclopediaReligionEthics" /> is a well-known tourist attraction and regarded as an excellent example of [[Mughal Architecture]]. Tansen was buried in Ghawth's tomb complex.<ref name=ImagingSound/>"		Muhammad Ghawth died in 1562 CE.<ref name="EncyclopediaReligionEthics" /> Ghawth's tomb, in [[Gwalior]] (a city in [[Madhya Pradesh]] in [[India]]), which was built in his honour by Akbar,<ref name="EncyclopediaReligionEthics" /> is a well-known tourist attraction and regarded as an excellent example of [[Mughal Architecture]]. Tansen was buried in Ghawth's tomb complex.<ref name=ImagingSound/>"

	== Tomb at [[Gwalior]] ==		== Tomb at Gwalior ==

	His tomb at Gwalior is famous of its stone lattices ([[jali]]) work.<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00004-016-0316-6 Nonperiodic Octagonal Patterns from a Jali Screen in the Mausoleum of Muhammad Ghaus in Gwalior and Their Periodic Relatives, Emil Makovicky & Nicolette M. ~~Makovicky ,~~ Nexus Network Journal volume 19~~, pages101–120 (2017)]~~</ref> The entire structure is		His tomb at [[Gwalior]] is famous of its stone lattices ([[jali]]) work.<ref>{{cite journal \| url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00004-016-0316-6 \| doi=10.1007/s00004-016-0316-6 \| title=Nonperiodic Octagonal Patterns from a Jali Screen in the Mausoleum of Muhammad Ghaus in Gwalior and Their Periodic Relatives \| date=2017 \| last1=Makovicky \| first1=Emil \| last2=Makovicky \| first2=Nicolette M. \| journal=Nexus Network Journal \| volume=19 \| pages=101–120 }}</ref> The entire structure is
	enclosed on all sides by the elaborately and delicately carved stone lattice work.<ref>[https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2105051.pdf Jaalis Lattice Screens of India, Asavari Mohdiwale, Smita Agrawal, JETIR May 2021, Volume 8, Issue 5]</ref>		enclosed on all sides by the elaborately and delicately carved stone lattice work.<ref>[https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2105051.pdf Jaalis Lattice Screens of India, Asavari Mohdiwale, Smita Agrawal, JETIR May 2021, Volume 8, Issue 5]</ref>

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	[[Category:People from Gwalior]]		[[Category:People from Gwalior]]
	[[Category:1500 births]]		[[Category:1500 births]]
			[[Category:Shattariyya]]

			==Further reading==
			*[https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Sh%C4%81h_Muhammad_G%CC%B2h%CC%B2aus%CC%B2_Gav%C4%81liy%C4%81r%C4%AB/s8JBAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=inauthor:%22Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad%20Mas%CA%BB%C5%ABd%20A%E1%B8%A5mad%22 Shāh Muhammad G̲h̲aus̲ Gavāliyārī by Muḥammad Masʻūd Aḥmad]
			*[https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/manaqib-e-ghausiya-shah-fazlullah-shatari-ebooks Manaqib-e-Ghausiya by Shah Fazlullah Shatari]

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2023-08-29T05:34:43Z

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{{short description|Sufi Saint from Gwalior}}
{{for|the tennis player|Ghaus Mohammad}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| name = Muhammad Ghawth
| image =
| image_caption =
| birth_name = Muhammad Ghawth Gwaliyari
| birth_date = {{birth year|1500}}
| birth_place = [[Gwalior]], [[India]]
| death_date = {{death year and age|1562|1500}}
| death_place = Gwalior
| module = {{Infobox person | monuments = Tomb of Mohammad Guaz ([[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI]] [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Madhya Pradesh/West|N-MP-147]]) }}
| occupation = Master of [[Suffism]], author, musician
| relatives = [[Attar of Nishapur]] (ancestor)
| successor = [[Ali Sher Bengali]]
| students = [[Ali Sher Bengali]], [[Shah Manjhan]], [[Wajihuddin Alvi]], [[Nagore Shahul Hamid]]
}}
'''Muhammad Ghawth''' ('''Ghouse''',<ref>[http://www.shattariyah.blogspot.com/ Shattari]</ref> '''Ghaus''' or '''Gwath'''<ref>[[Idries Shah]], ''[[The Sufis]]'' {{ISBN|0-86304-020-9}} [[Octagon Press]] 1989 pp 335, 367</ref><ref>[[Idries Shah]], ''[[Tales of the Dervishes]]'' {{ISBN|0-900860-47-2}} [[Octagon Press]] 1993 pp 111-112</ref>) '''Gwaliyari''' (1500–1562) was a 16th-century [[Sufism|Sufi]] master of the [[Shattari]] order and Sufi saint, a musician,<ref name=ImagingSound>{{cite book | last=Wade | first=Bonnie C. | title=Imaging Sound: An Ethnomusicological Study of Music, Art, and Culture in Mughal India (Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology) | publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] | year=1998 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn00wade/page/113 113–115] | isbn=0-226-86840-0 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn00wade/page/113 }} See [https://books.google.com/books?id=4JGY8Yd2ChoC&dq=Muhammad+Ghaus+Tansen&pg=PA113 google book search].</ref> and the author of ''Jawahir-i Khams'' (Arabic: ''al-Jawahir al-Khams'', The Five Jewels). The book mentioning the life and miracles of Gaus named " Heaven's witness" was written by Kugle.<ref>{{Cite book|last=A. Azfar|first=Moin|url=|title=The millennial sovereign : sacred kingship and sainthood in Islam|isbn=|oclc=}}</ref>

== Biography ==

Muhammad Ghawth was born in Gwalior, India in 1500; the name Gwaliyari means "of Gwalior". One of his ancestors was [[Fariduddin Attar]] of Nishapur.<ref name=EOI>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Muḥammad G̲h̲awt̲h̲ Gwaliyārī |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |date=24 April 2012 |edition=2nd |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/muhammad-ghawth-gwaliyari-SIM_5396?s.num=326&s.start=320 |publisher=Brill |accessdate=9 October 2019}}</ref> In the preface of ''al-Jawahir al-Khams'', he states that he wrote the book when he was 25 years old. In 1549 he travelled to [[Gujarat]], when he was 50 years old. He stayed in [[Ahmedabad]] for ten years where he founded [[Ek Toda Mosque]] and preached.<ref name="Yagnik2011">{{cite book |author=Achyut Yagnik |title=Ahmedabad: From Royal city to Megacity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivMAUx6Hdl8C&pg=PT42 |date=2 February 2011 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-81-8475-473-5 |page=42}}</ref>

Ghawth translated the ''[[Amrtakunda]]'' from [[Sanskrit]] to Persian as the ''[[Bahr al-Hayat]]'' (The Ocean of Life), introducing to Sufism a set of [[yoga]] practices. According to the scholar Carl W. Ernst, in this "translation", Ghawth intentionally reframed these practices with great subtlety to identify "points of contact between the terminologies of Yoga and Sufism".<ref name="Ernst 1996">{{Cite journal |last=Ernst |first=Carl W. |title=Sufism and Yoga according to Muhammad Ghawth |journal=Sufi |volume=29 |issue=Spring 1996 |pages=9–13 |date=1996 |url=https://www.academia.edu/4416974 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908023342/http://www.unc.edu/~cernst/pdf/ghawth.pdf |archivedate=8 September 2008}}</ref>

Ghawth died in Gwalior in 1562.<ref name="Kugle 2014">{{cite book |last1=Kugle |first1=Scott |title=Sufis & Saints' Bodies |chapter=Body Refined: The Eyes of Muhammad Ghawth |chapter-url=https://northcarolina.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.5149/9780807872772_kugle/upso-9780807830819-chapter-4 |publisher=North Carolina University Press |date=July 2014 |pages=123–180 |doi=10.5149/9780807872772_kugle.10|isbn=9780807830819 }}</ref> His followers believed that he ascended to heaven and from there was able to direct help down to them; and further, that he was the "axial saint, the pivot of the universe".<ref name="Kugle 2014"/><ref name="Kugle 2003">{{cite journal |last1=Kugle |first1=Scott A. |title=Heaven's Witness: The Uses and Abuses of Muḥammad Ghawth's Mystical Ascension |journal=Journal of Islamic Studies |date=2003 |volume=14 |issue=1, January 2003 |pages=1–36 |doi=10.1093/jis/14.1.1 |jstor=26199837|pmid=25373148 |pmc=4199356 }}</ref>

"Among Ghawth's disciples is Fazl Allah Shattari (also known as Shah Fazl Shattari),<ref name="SufismAndYoga">{{cite web
| last = Ernst
| first = Carl W.
| title = Sufism and Yoga according to Muhammad Ghawth
| publisher = [[University of North Carolina]]
| year = 1996
| url = http://www.unc.edu/~cernst/pdf/ghawth.pdf
| accessdate = 2009-08-05
| archive-date = 8 September 2008
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080908023342/http://www.unc.edu/%7Ecernst/pdf/ghawth.pdf
| url-status = dead
}} Reproduced from ''Sufi'' 29 (Spring 1996), pp 9-13.</ref> who wrote a biography<ref name="LifeAndLetters">{{cite web
| editor-last = Chopra
| editor-first = Dr. Pran Nath
| title = Life and Letters Under the Mughals
| publisher = Ashajanak Publications (New Delhi)
| year = 1976
| url = http://www.archive.org/stream/lifeandlettersun020970mbp/lifeandlettersun020970mbp_djvu.txt
| accessdate = 2009-08-05}} See [http://openlibrary.org/b/OL4524565M/Life-and-letters-under-the-Mughals Open library details].</ref> or monograph<ref name="DictionaryIndoPersianLiterature">{{cite book
| last = Hadi
| first = Nabi
| authorlink =
| title = Dictionary of Indo-Persian literature
| publisher = Abhinav Publications
| year = 1998
| location =
| pages = 178–179
| isbn = 81-7017-311-6}} See [https://books.google.com/books?id=qjJmzdJFOHwC&dq=Shah+Fazl+Shattari&pg=PA178 google book search].</ref> in praise of his teacher.<ref name="DictionaryIndoPersianLiterature"/> Gwawth taught the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal Emperor]] [[Humayun]].<ref name="ReadingInIndianHistory">{{cite book
| last = Yasin
| first = Mohammad
| authorlink =
| title = Reading in Indian History
| publisher = Atlantic Publishers & Distributors (New Delhi)
| year = 1988
| location =
| pages = 42
| isbn = }} No ISBN. ASIN: B0006ERVCA.</ref><ref name="EncyclopediaReligionEthics">{{cite book
| last = Hastings
| first = James (author) and Selbie, John A. (editor)
| authorlink =
| title = Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Part 21
| publisher = [[Kessinger Publishing]], LLC
| year = 2003
| location =
| pages = 69
| isbn = 0-7661-3700-7}} See [https://books.google.com/books?id=PciGnGPiOo8C&dq=Ghawth+1563&pg=PA69 google book search].</ref> Akbar's court musician [[Tansen]] was also familiar with Sufism.<ref name=ImagingSound/>
Badusha, Abdul Qadir, Shahul Hamid Meeran sahib Ganjasavoy Ganja bakhsh Ganja makhfi of nagore Tamil Nadu and Wajihudden Haidar Ali Sani Hussaini Ulvi Gujrati is also one his important disciple.
Muhammad Ghawth died in 1562 CE.<ref name="EncyclopediaReligionEthics" /> Ghawth's tomb, in [[Gwalior]] (a city in [[Madhya Pradesh]] in [[India]]), which was built in his honour by Akbar,<ref name="EncyclopediaReligionEthics" /> is a well-known tourist attraction and regarded as an excellent example of [[Mughal Architecture]]. Tansen was buried in Ghawth's tomb complex.<ref name=ImagingSound/>"

== Tomb at [[Gwalior]] ==

His tomb at Gwalior is famous of its stone lattices ([[jali]]) work.<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00004-016-0316-6 Nonperiodic Octagonal Patterns from a Jali Screen in the Mausoleum of Muhammad Ghaus in Gwalior and Their Periodic Relatives, Emil Makovicky & Nicolette M. Makovicky , Nexus Network Journal volume 19, pages101–120 (2017)]</ref> The entire structure is
enclosed on all sides by the elaborately and delicately carved stone lattice work.<ref>[https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2105051.pdf Jaalis Lattice Screens of India, Asavari Mohdiwale, Smita Agrawal, JETIR May 2021, Volume 8, Issue 5]</ref>

<gallery mode="packed">
File:al-Jawahir al-Khams.jpg|Ghawth's ''Jawahir al-Khams''
File:Tomb of Mohammad Ghauz-3.jpg|Ghawth's tomb in Gwalior
File:Tomb of Mohammad Ghauz-1.jpg|South-east view of tomb
</gallery>
Sufi saeed Ali Shah was the former caretaker of the shrine.<ref>sufishattari website 2007.</ref>

== Works ==

* ''Jawahir-i-Khamsa'' (The Five Jewels) which was later translated to Arabic, ''al-Jawahir al-Khams'', by the [[Mecca]]-based Shattari teacher Sibghat Allah (d. 1606 CE).<ref name="Ernst 1996"/> In this book Gaus also mentioned about the special creatures known as "Muakkil" which comes under the control of sufis by special Islam chant.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Annals of Oriental Research - Volume 32, Part 1 - Page 63}}</ref>
* ''[[Bahr al-Hayat]]'' (The Ocean of Life), his translation and extension of ''Hawd al-Hayat'' (The Pool of Life), an Arabic translation of a lost [[Sanskrit]] text on [[yoga]], the ''Amrtakunda''.<ref name="Ernst 2016">{{cite book |last=Ernst |first=Carl W. |title=Chapter 8: Sufism and Yoga according to Muhammad Ghawth |work=Refractions of Islam in India: Situating Sufism and Yoga |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AzzUDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT121 |year=2016 |publisher=Sage |isbn=978-93-5150-964-6 |pages=121–129}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.shattariyah.blogspot.com/2020/05/introduction-to-qadri-shattari-silsila.html Silsila e Shuttariya]

{{Sufism}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghawth, Muhammad}}
[[Category:Indian Sufi saints]]
[[Category:Sufi writers]]
[[Category:1562 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:People from Gwalior]]
[[Category:1500 births]]