Mughal War of Succession (1658–1659) - Revision history

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	~~{{Short description\|War between the four sons of Shah Jahan}}~~		#REDIRECT [[Mughal war of succession (1658–1659)]]
	~~{{Orphan\|date=July 2023}}~~
	~~{{Under construction\|altimage=\|section=\|nosection=\|notready=\|placedby=\|comment=\|nocat=\|notify=\|category=}}{{Infobox military conflict~~
	~~\| conflict = Mughal War of Succession (1658–1659)~~
	~~\| partof =~~
	~~\| image =~~
	~~\| caption =~~
	~~\| date = 1658–1659~~
	~~\| place = [[South Asia]]~~
	~~\| result = [[Aurangzeb]]'s victory<br>~~
	* Coronation of the Aurangzeb as [[Mughal ~~Emperor]]~~
	~~\| territory =~~
	~~\| combatant1 = [[File:Seal detail, from- Painted seal~~ of ~~Mughal Emperor Awrangzib Wellcome L0034099~~ (~~cropped~~)~~.jpg\|25px]] [[Aurangzeb]]'s Forces~~
	~~\| combatant2 = [[File:Flag of the Mughal Empire.png\|25px]] [[Mughal Empire]]~~
	*[[Dara Shikoh]]~~'s forces~~
	~~\| commander1 =~~
	~~\| commander2 = {{unbulleted list\|~~

			{{Redirect category shell\|
			{{R from move}}
			{{R from miscapitalization}}
	}}		}}
	~~\| strength1 =~~
	~~\| strength2 =~~
	~~\| casualties1 =~~
	~~\| casualties2 =~~
	~~\| combatant3 = [[Shah Shuja]]'s forces~~
	~~\| combatant4 = [[Murad Bakhsh]]'s forces~~
	~~\| width = 400px~~
	}}The '''Mughal War of Succession (1658–1659)''' was a war of succession fought between the four sons of [[Shah Jahan]]: [[Aurangzeb]], [[Dara Shikoh]], [[Murad Bakhsh]], and [[Shah Shuja (Mughal prince)\|Shah Shuja]], in hopes of gaining the Mughal Throne. Prior to the death of Shah Jahan, each of his sions held governorships during their father's reign. The emperor favoured the eldest, [[Dara Shikoh]], However, there was resentment among the younger three, who sought at various times to strengthen alliances between themselves and against Dara.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Mukhoty \|first=Ira \|title=Aurangzeb and Dara Shikoh's fight for the throne was entwined with the rivalry of their two sisters \|url=https://scroll.in/article/879195/aurangzeb-and-dara-shikohs-fight-for-the-throne-was-entwined-with-the-rivalry-of-their-two-sisters \|website=Scroll.in}}</ref> Since there was no Mughal tradition of [[primogeniture]], the systematic passing of rule, upon an emperor's death, to his eldest son.<ref name="Chandra2005p267">{{cite book \|last=Chandra \|first=Satish \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC&pg=PA267 \|title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals \|publisher=Har-Anand Publications \|year=2005 \|isbn=9788124110669 \|volume=2 \|pages=267–269 \|author-link=Satish Chandra \|access-date=29 September 2012}}</ref> Instead it was customary for sons to overthrow their father and for brothers to war to the death among themselves.<ref name="google96">{{cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzOmy2y0Zh4C \|title=A History of Modern India, 1480–1950 \|date=2004 \|publisher=Anthem Press \|isbn=978-1-84331-004-4 \|editor-last=Markovits \|editor-first=Claude \|edition=2nd \|location=London \|page=96 \|orig-year=First published 1994 as ''Histoire de l'Inde Moderne''}}</ref>

	Shah Shuja was victorious in the [[Battle of Bahadurpur]], Shuja turned back to [[Rajmahal]] to make further preparations. He signed a treaty with his elder brother, Dara, which left him in control of Bengal, Orissa and a large part of Bihar, on 17 May 1658.

	[[Aurangzeb]] defeated Dara twice (at Dharmat and Samugarh), caught him, executed him on a charge of heresy and ascended the throne. Shuja marched to the capital again, this time against Aurangzeb. A battle took place on 5 January 1659 at the [[Battle of Khajwa]] (Fatehpur district, [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]), where Shuja was defeated. Ultimately, Aurangzeb was victorious making him the 6th [[Mughal emperors\|Mughal Emperor]].<ref name="Asher">Catherine Blanshard Asher, (1992) [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0521267285 "Architecture of Mughal India – Part 1"], Cambridge university Press, Volume 1, Page 252.</ref>

	~~== Background ==~~

	~~== Battle of Bahadurpur ==~~

	~~== Battle of Dharmat ==~~

	~~== Battle of Samugarh ==~~
	~~{{See also\|Battle of Samugarh}}~~
	~~[[File:The Battle of Samugarh.jpg\|thumb\|Deception ofThe [[Battle of Samugarh]]. c.1658]]~~
	After his defeat at the [[Battle of Dharmat]], Dara Shikoh began to retreat towards Samugarh, about 10 miles (16 km) east of [[Agra]], south of the [[Yamuna River]], Aurangzeb and his army then flanked Dara’s fortified line along the [[Chambal River]].{{sfn\|Sarkar\|1973\|loc=''Aurengzeb
	~~Thanks Allah for his victory'' pp.~~
	~~[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.98676/page/n253/mode/1up?view=theater 231]}}~~

	Shikoh ordered his cannons to start firing towards the army of Aurangzeb. Eventually, Murad Baksh and his Sowars began a swift charge into the far right flank of Dara Shikoh, commanded by Chatter Sal, without the orders of Aurangzeb. It is believed that Murad Baksh was a sworn enemy of Chattar Sal. They both fought ferociously on the battlefield as the Sowars of Murad Baksh and Murad Baksh killed Ram Singh Rautela. {{citation needed\|date=September 2015}}

	When Dara Shikoh was informed about the death of Chattar Sal, Murad Baksh,<ref name="google">{{cite book \|author=Lal, M. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sTZuAAAAMAAJ \|title=Aurangzeb \|date=1988 \|publisher=Vikas Pub. House \|access-date=2015-02-22}}</ref> the collapse of the Rajput infantry and the [[Deccan Plateau\|Deccan]] Sowars, he immediately pushed towards their aid alongside Khalilullah Khan. However, Due to Aurangzeb's heavy bombardment Dara Shikoh decided to join Khalilullah Khan in the [[Cavalry]]. Dara Shikoh’s army fled to [[Goindval\|Goindwal]] where [[Guru Har Rai]] had deployed his army, the [[Akal Sena]], to prevent and delay Aurangzeb’s army from pursuing Dara Shikoh.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book \|last=Takhar \|first=Opinderjit Opinderjit \|title=Global Sikhs: Histories, Practices and Identities \|last2=Jakobsh \|first2=Doris R. \|publisher=Taylor & Francis \|year=2023 \|isbn=9781000847352 \|series=Routledge Critical Sikh Studies \|quote=During the time of the seventh Guru, the emphasis on armed conflict with the Mughals receded, but Guru Har Rai held court and kept a regular force of Sikh horsemen. He had favorable relations with Dara Shikoh (eldest son of Emperor Shah Jahan and heir apparent to the Mughal throne), who sought the Guru's help while he was fleeing in front of the army of his younger brother Aurangzeb, after his defeat in the battle of Samugrah on May 29, 1658. According to Mahimà Prakäsh Värtak, Guru Har Rai deployed his own troops at the ferry at Goindval to delay Aurangzeb's army, which was pursuing Dara Shikoh at his heels}}</ref> When the battle ended Dara Shikoh and Khalilullah Khan fled towards Sulaiman Shikoh and Aurangzeb was declared the new [[Mughal Emperor]].

	~~== Battle of Khajwa ==~~

	~~== Coronation of Aurangzeb ==~~

	~~== References ==~~
	~~{{Reflist}}~~



	~~[[Category:Wars involving the Mughal Empire]]~~
	~~[[Category:Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Asia]]~~
	~~[[Category:Conflicts in 1658]]~~
	~~[[Category:Conflicts in 1659]]~~

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article

2023-08-09T18:58:20Z

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{{Short description|War between the four sons of Shah Jahan}}
{{Orphan|date=July 2023}}
{{Under construction|altimage=|section=|nosection=|notready=|placedby=|comment=|nocat=|notify=|category=}}{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Mughal War of Succession (1658–1659)
| partof =
| image =
| caption =
| date = 1658–1659
| place = [[South Asia]]
| result = [[Aurangzeb]]'s victory<br>
* Coronation of the Aurangzeb as [[Mughal Emperor]]
| territory =
| combatant1 = [[File:Seal detail, from- Painted seal of Mughal Emperor Awrangzib Wellcome L0034099 (cropped).jpg|25px]] [[Aurangzeb]]'s Forces
| combatant2 = [[File:Flag of the Mughal Empire.png|25px]] [[Mughal Empire]]
*[[Dara Shikoh]]'s forces
| commander1 =
| commander2 = {{unbulleted list|

}}
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| combatant3 = [[Shah Shuja]]'s forces
| combatant4 = [[Murad Bakhsh]]'s forces
| width = 400px
}}The '''Mughal War of Succession (1658–1659)''' was a war of succession fought between the four sons of [[Shah Jahan]]: [[Aurangzeb]], [[Dara Shikoh]], [[Murad Bakhsh]], and [[Shah Shuja (Mughal prince)|Shah Shuja]], in hopes of gaining the Mughal Throne. Prior to the death of Shah Jahan, each of his sions held governorships during their father's reign. The emperor favoured the eldest, [[Dara Shikoh]], However, there was resentment among the younger three, who sought at various times to strengthen alliances between themselves and against Dara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukhoty |first=Ira |title=Aurangzeb and Dara Shikoh's fight for the throne was entwined with the rivalry of their two sisters |url=https://scroll.in/article/879195/aurangzeb-and-dara-shikohs-fight-for-the-throne-was-entwined-with-the-rivalry-of-their-two-sisters |website=Scroll.in}}</ref> Since there was no Mughal tradition of [[primogeniture]], the systematic passing of rule, upon an emperor's death, to his eldest son.<ref name="Chandra2005p267">{{cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC&pg=PA267 |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |year=2005 |isbn=9788124110669 |volume=2 |pages=267–269 |author-link=Satish Chandra |access-date=29 September 2012}}</ref> Instead it was customary for sons to overthrow their father and for brothers to war to the death among themselves.<ref name="google96">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzOmy2y0Zh4C |title=A History of Modern India, 1480–1950 |date=2004 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-84331-004-4 |editor-last=Markovits |editor-first=Claude |edition=2nd |location=London |page=96 |orig-year=First published 1994 as ''Histoire de l'Inde Moderne''}}</ref>

Shah Shuja was victorious in the [[Battle of Bahadurpur]], Shuja turned back to [[Rajmahal]] to make further preparations. He signed a treaty with his elder brother, Dara, which left him in control of Bengal, Orissa and a large part of Bihar, on 17 May 1658.

[[Aurangzeb]] defeated Dara twice (at Dharmat and Samugarh), caught him, executed him on a charge of heresy and ascended the throne. Shuja marched to the capital again, this time against Aurangzeb. A battle took place on 5 January 1659 at the [[Battle of Khajwa]] (Fatehpur district, [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]), where Shuja was defeated. Ultimately, Aurangzeb was victorious making him the 6th [[Mughal emperors|Mughal Emperor]].<ref name="Asher">Catherine Blanshard Asher, (1992) [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0521267285 "Architecture of Mughal India – Part 1"], Cambridge university Press, Volume 1, Page 252.</ref>

== Background ==

== Battle of Bahadurpur ==

== Battle of Dharmat ==

== Battle of Samugarh ==
{{See also|Battle of Samugarh}}
[[File:The Battle of Samugarh.jpg|thumb|Deception ofThe [[Battle of Samugarh]]. c.1658]]
After his defeat at the [[Battle of Dharmat]], Dara Shikoh began to retreat towards Samugarh, about 10 miles (16 km) east of [[Agra]], south of the [[Yamuna River]], Aurangzeb and his army then flanked Dara’s fortified line along the [[Chambal River]].{{sfn|Sarkar|1973|loc=''Aurengzeb
Thanks Allah for his victory'' pp.
[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.98676/page/n253/mode/1up?view=theater 231]}}

Shikoh ordered his cannons to start firing towards the army of Aurangzeb. Eventually, Murad Baksh and his Sowars began a swift charge into the far right flank of Dara Shikoh, commanded by Chatter Sal, without the orders of Aurangzeb. It is believed that Murad Baksh was a sworn enemy of Chattar Sal. They both fought ferociously on the battlefield as the Sowars of Murad Baksh and Murad Baksh killed Ram Singh Rautela. {{citation needed|date=September 2015}}

When Dara Shikoh was informed about the death of Chattar Sal, Murad Baksh,<ref name="google">{{cite book |author=Lal, M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sTZuAAAAMAAJ |title=Aurangzeb |date=1988 |publisher=Vikas Pub. House |access-date=2015-02-22}}</ref> the collapse of the Rajput infantry and the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] Sowars, he immediately pushed towards their aid alongside Khalilullah Khan. However, Due to Aurangzeb's heavy bombardment Dara Shikoh decided to join Khalilullah Khan in the [[Cavalry]]. Dara Shikoh’s army fled to [[Goindval|Goindwal]] where [[Guru Har Rai]] had deployed his army, the [[Akal Sena]], to prevent and delay Aurangzeb’s army from pursuing Dara Shikoh.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Takhar |first=Opinderjit Opinderjit |title=Global Sikhs: Histories, Practices and Identities |last2=Jakobsh |first2=Doris R. |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2023 |isbn=9781000847352 |series=Routledge Critical Sikh Studies |quote=During the time of the seventh Guru, the emphasis on armed conflict with the Mughals receded, but Guru Har Rai held court and kept a regular force of Sikh horsemen. He had favorable relations with Dara Shikoh (eldest son of Emperor Shah Jahan and heir apparent to the Mughal throne), who sought the Guru's help while he was fleeing in front of the army of his younger brother Aurangzeb, after his defeat in the battle of Samugrah on May 29, 1658. According to Mahimà Prakäsh Värtak, Guru Har Rai deployed his own troops at the ferry at Goindval to delay Aurangzeb's army, which was pursuing Dara Shikoh at his heels}}</ref> When the battle ended Dara Shikoh and Khalilullah Khan fled towards Sulaiman Shikoh and Aurangzeb was declared the new [[Mughal Emperor]].

== Battle of Khajwa ==

== Coronation of Aurangzeb ==

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Wars involving the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Asia]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1658]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1659]]