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{{Short description|Pakistani politician (1919–1980)}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=April 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mehmood-ur-Rehman
| honorific_prefix = [[Sheikh al-Hadith]]<br/>[[Mufti]]
| office = Chief Minister of the North-West Frontier Province
| image = Mufti Mahmud & Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.jpg
| caption = Mahmud (left) pictured with President [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] of [[Bangladesh]]
| image_size =
| order = 8th
| term_start = 1 March 1972
| term_end = 15 February 1973
| predecessor = [[Sardar Bahadur Khan]]
| successor = [[Inayatullah Khan Gandapur]]
| governor = {{ubl|[[Arbab Sikandar Khan]]|[[Aslam Khattak]]}}
| alma_mater = [[Madrasa Shahi, Moradabad]]
| office1 = [[General Secretary]] of [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam]]
| term_start1 = 1968
| term_end1 = 1980
| predecessor1 = [[Ghulam Ghaus Hazarvi|Maulana Ghulam Ghaus Hazarvi]]
| president1 =
| prime_minister1 =
| successor1 = [[Fazal-ur-Rehman (politician, born 1953)|Maulana Fazl-ur-Rehman]] (later elected as the President)
| constituency =
| office2 = President of [[Wafaq ul Madaris Al-Arabia, Pakistan]]
| term_start2 = 15 May 1978
| term_end2 = 14 October 1980
| predecessor2 = [[Muhammad Yousuf Banuri]]
| successor2 = Muhammad Idrees Mirti
| office4 = Member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]
| term_start4 = 26 March 1977
| term_end4 = 5 July 1977
| constituency4 = NA-18 (D.I.
Khan)
| term_start5 = 14 April 1972
| term_end5 = 10 January 1977
| constituency5 = NW-13 (D.I.
Khan)
| term_start6 = 8 June 1962
| term_end6 = 7 June 1965
| constituency6 = NW-6 (D.I.
Khan-I)
| party = [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam]]
| office7 = [[Chancellor (education)|Muhtamim]] of [[Jamia Qasim Ul Uloom|Jamia Qasim-ul-Uloom]]
| term_start7 = 1974
| term_end7 = 1980
| predecessor7 = Maulana Muhammad Shafi Multani
| successor7 = Maulana Faiz Ahmed
| other_party =
| birth_date = 9 June 1919 (6 Rabi Us Sani 1337)
| birth_place = [[DI Khan|Panyala]], [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–2010)|NWFP]], [[British India]] (now [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|KPK]], Pakistan)
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1980|10|14|1919|1}}
| death_place = [[Karachi, Sindh]], Pakistan
| occupation = {{ubl|Politician|Scholar|Teacher}}
| children = {{ubl|[[Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehman]]|[[Maulana Lutf ur Rehman]]|[[Atta-ur-Rehman (politician)|Maulana Atta-ur-Rehman]]|Eng. Zia ur Rahman|Ubaid ur Rahman}}
| resting_place = [[Abdul Khel]], [[DI Khan]], KPK
}}
'''[[Mufti]] Mehmood-ur-Rehman''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|مفتی محمود الرحمان}}}}; 1919–1980) was a Pakistani [[Ulama|Islamic scholar]] and [[Politician|statesman]] who was one of the founding members of the [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam]] (JUI).<ref name="storyofpakistan" /> He served as the first elected [[Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Chief Minister]] of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], and later on as the [[Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan)#:~:text=Incumbent,Omar Ayub Khan&text=Hussain Shaheed Suharwardy-,The leader of the opposition is,as an alternative Prime Minister.|Leader of the Opposition]] in [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Assembly of Pakistan |url=https://na.gov.pk/en/opposition-leaders.php |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=na.gov.pk}}</ref><ref name="storyofpakistan">{{cite web|url=http://storyofpakistan.com/mufti-mehmood/ |title=Profile of Mufti Mahmud|website= Storyofpakistan.com website|date= 5 January 2009|access-date=14 April 2023|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626125205/http://storyofpakistan.com/mufti-mehmood/}}</ref>

He led the opposition movement [[Pakistan National Alliance]] against [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto|Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]], which eventually led to Bhutto's downfall. He was among the principal architects of the [[Constitution of Pakistan|1973 Constitution of Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Chief Ministers Gallery |url=https://kp.gov.pk/page/khyber_pakhtunkhwa_chief_minister_s_gallery}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
Born in January 1919, he was born into the ethnic [[Nasar (Pashtun tribe)|Nasar]] [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]] tribe from Panyala, [[Dera Ismail Khan District]], [[colonial India]] (now Pakistan). His father, Maulana Khalifa Muhammad Siddiq, was a religious scholar and had permissions in all four orders of the Sufi Tariqa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=مفکراسلام مفتی محمودؒ |url=https://juipak.org.pk/%D9%85%D9%81%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%92/ |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=جمعیت علماءاسلام پاکستان |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ullah |first=Haroon |title=Vying for Allah's Vote: Understanding Islamic Parties, Political Violence, and Extremism in Pakistan |publisher=[[Georgetown University Press]] |year=2013 |pages=92}}</ref>

He received his religious education at [[Madrasa Shahi, Moradabad]], [[United Provinces (1937–50)|UP]] and graduated from the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]].<ref name="history2">{{cite book |author1=Syed Mehboob Rizwi |author-link=Syed Mehboob Rizwi |translator=Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi |title=History of The Dar al-Ulum Deoband (Volume 2) |page = 124 |publisher=Idara-e-Ehtemam, [[Darul Uloom Deoband|Dar al-Ulum Deoband]] |url=https://archive.org/download/2VolumeBookOnTheHistoryOfDarAlUlumDeoband/HistoryOfTheDarulUloomDeoband-VolumeTwo1981.pdf |access-date=7 June 2019}}</ref>

In 1941, he worked as a teacher in [[Isakhel]], [[Mianwali]].<ref name="storyofpakistan" /> On the advice of his teacher [[Muhammad Miyan Deobandi]] he settled down in [[Abdul Khel]], a town in [[Dera Ismail Khan District|Dera Ismail Khan]], and married into a [[Marwat]] Pashtun family there.<ref>{{Cite web |title=مفکراسلام مفتی محمودؒ |url=https://juipak.org.pk/%D9%85%D9%81%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%92/ |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=جمعیت علماءاسلام پاکستان |language=en-US}}</ref>

At the time of the [[Indian independence movement]] Mufti Mahmud [[opposition to the partition of India|opposed the partition of colonial India]] with the [[Indian National Congress]] and opposed the creation of Pakistan.<ref name=DT>{{cite news|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/483189/dont-trust-maulana-fazlur-rahman/ |title=Don't trust Maulana Fazlur Rahman |date=14 October 2019|author=Yasser Latif Hamdani|newspaper=Daily Times (newspaper)|access-date=14 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="Pirzada2000">{{cite book |last1=Pirzada |first1=Sayyid A. S. |last2=Pirzada |first2=Syed Sharifuddin |title=The Politics of the Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam Pakistan: 1971-1977 |date=2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-579302-4 |page=115|quote=Mufti Mahmud, in his speech on the occasion, pointed out that "the JUI was against a division of the country". He said that since the party had opposed the partition of India (linking with the stance of ...}}</ref><ref name="Raza2020">{{cite web |last1=Raza |first1=Atrooba |title=20 Muslim Leaders who opposed Pakistan Movement & Quaid-e-Azam |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w1ver5Tbg-U& |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/w1ver5Tbg-U |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|publisher=Election Box |access-date=9 June 2020 |language=Urdu |date=21 March 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

==In Pakistan==
He served as a ''[[Chancellor (education)|Muhtamim]]'' at [[Jamia Qasim Ul Uloom|Jamia Qasim-ul-Uloom]] in [[Multan]] and later in his career, he also held the positions of ''[[Head teacher|Chief Mudarras]]'' in charge of education, ''[[Grand Mufti|Chief Mufti]]'', and ''[[Sheikh]] [[Hadith|al-Hadith]]''. He issued at least 25,000 [[Fatwa]]s in his lifetime and his students included [[Muhammad Abdullah Ghazi|Maulana Abdullah Ghazi]], [[Abdul Majeed Ludhianvi]] and [[Noor Muhammad]].<ref name="storyofpakistan2">{{cite web |date=5 January 2009 |title=Profile of Mufti Mahmud |url=http://storyofpakistan.com/mufti-mehmood/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626125205/http://storyofpakistan.com/mufti-mehmood/ |archive-date=26 June 2014 |access-date=14 April 2023 |website=Storyofpakistan.com website}}</ref>

Mufti Mahmud was a critic of family planning programme of [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]]'s government. He participated in the elections for the National Assembly for the first time under Ayub Khan's 'Basic Democracy Program' and defeated all his opponents in 1962.<ref name="storyofpakistan2" />

He also opposed the '[[One Unit|One Unit Scheme]]'.On 8 January 1968, in [[Dacca]], then in [[East Pakistan]], Mufti Mahmud was one of the key leaders of ''Jamhoori Majlis-e-Amal'' that opposed Ayub Khan's regime. In the 1970 general election, Mufti Mahmud had a landslide victory against Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in the [[Dera Ismail Khan]] constituency.<ref name="storyofpakistan2" />

After the 1970 general election in Pakistan, he became the president of [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam]] founded by [[Shabbir Ahmad Usmani|Maulana Shabir Ahmed Usmani]]. His party went into a coalition with the [[National Awami Party]] for the [[1970 Pakistani general election]]. In the 1970s, the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam received significant funding from [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name="Halverson-1182">{{cite book |last=Halverson |first=Jeffry R. |url=https://archive.org/details/theologycreedsun00halv |title=Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam: The Muslim Brotherhood, Ash'arism, and Political Sunnism |date=2010 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=9781137473578 |page=[https://archive.org/details/theologycreedsun00halv/page/n126 118] |quote=By the 1970s, the JUI, under the leadership of Mawlana Mufti Mahmud (d. 1980) was a chief recipient of the aforementioned [[Wahhabite]]-[[Athari]] support from the Gulf monarchies, chiefly [[Saudi Arabia]]. |url-access=limited}}</ref>

On 1 March 1972, he was elected as the chief minister of the province of [[Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]] during the [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]] government in Pakistan.

During his tenure as chief minister, he instituted many reforms, such as prohibition against alcohol, making Urdu as the official language in government offices, ban on interest in financial transactions and declared Friday as the official holiday in his province.<ref name="storyofpakistan2" />

Mufti Mahmud played a vital role in [[Second Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan|Tehreek-e-Khatme Nabuwwat]], a religious movement which has highlighted the beliefs of the followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Pakistan, in 1953 and again in 1974. He led a team of Islamic scholars which worked for the declaration of Ahmadis as non-Muslims in 1974.

He and his cabinet resigned in protest at the dismissal of the NAP–JUI coalition government in [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]] on 14 February 1973.<ref name="storyofpakistan2" /> He vowed to launch an anti-government movement, and first formed the UDF (United Democratic Front), and later on [[Pakistan National Alliance]]: the largest opposition movement in the history of Pakistan against Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. In 1977, the [[Pakistan National Alliance]] launched nationwide street agitation against the rigging of Bhutto in 1977 General Elections. The same year Bhutto was removed in a Coup d'etat by Zia ul Haq.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=A JOURNEY TO DISILLUSIONMENT Sherbaz Khan Mazari |url=https://sanipanhwar.com/Home/searchByAll |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=sanipanhwar.com}}</ref>

Towards the end of his life, he continued his endeavours for democracy, and in 1980 had started negotiations with his arch-rival [[Pakistan People's Party|PPP]], for a joint struggle against dictatorship.<ref name=":0" />

He supported the [[Soviet–Afghan War|Afghan jihad]] against the [[USSR]] in 1979.

==Death and legacy==
He died on 14 October 1980, in [[Karachi, Sindh]] at the age of 61. He was buried in Abdul Khel, [[Dera Ismail Khan District]]. His son [[Fazal-ur-Rehman (politician, born 1953)|Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehman]] is a politician who leads the [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam]] (JUI) party in Pakistan.<ref>[https://tribune.com.pk/story/792378/in-defence-of-taliban-fazls-remarks-spark-furore-in-afghanistan/ In defence of Taliban: Fazl's remarks spark furor in Afghanistan] The Express Tribune (newspaper) published 17 November 2014, Retrieved 14 April 2023</ref>

==Bibliography==
===Books by him===
*''Tafsīr-i Maḥmūd'', translation of and commentary on the [[Qur'an]], in 3 volumes
*''Fatāvʹa Muftī Maḥmūd'', his [[fatwas]], in 11 volumes
*''Az̲ān-i saḥar: Maulānā Muftī Maḥmūd ke inṭerviyuz aur taqārīr kā majmūʻah'', collected speeches and interviews
*''K̲h̲ut̤bāt-i Maḥmūd: majmūʻah-yi taqārīr-i mufakkir-i Islām, Maulānā Muftī Maḥmūd'', collection of his speeches

===Books about him===
*''Savāniḥ-i ḥayāt: Muftī Maḥmūd, vazīr-i aʻlá-yi Sarḥad, janral sekraṭrī Jamʻiyat-i ʻUlamāʼ-yi Islām, Pākistān'' by [[Ziya ur-Rahman Faruqi]], 1972
*''Muftī Maḥmūd kī siyāsat'' by Nūrulḥaq Quraishī, 1974
*''Maulānā Mufti Mahmūd'' by Naʻim Āsī, 1977
*''Maulānā Muftī Maḥmūd ... kī siyāsī zindagī'' by Gul Nāyāb K̲h̲ān Citrālī, 2002
*''Mufakkir-i Islām, qāʼid-i Islāmī inqilāb Maulānā Muftī Maḥmūd ... ek darvesh siyāsatdān'' by Sayyid Anvar Qidvāʼī, 2003
*''Savāniḥ qāʼid-i millat Ḥaẓrat Maulānā Muftī Maḥmūd'' by ʻAbdulqayyūm Ḥaqqānī, 2003
*''Muftī Maḥmūd kā daur-i ḥukūmat'' by Ashfāq Hāshmī, 2004
*''Maulānā Muftī Maḥmūd ke ḥairat angez vāqiʻāt'' by Momin K̲h̲ān ʻUs̲mānī, 2009
*''Muftī-yi Aʻẓam Maulānā Muftī Maḥmūd kī ʻilmī, dīnī aur siyāsī k̲h̲idmāt'' by ʻAbdulḥakīm Akbarī, 2010
*''Afkār-i Maḥmūd : Shaik̲h̲ulhind Maulānā Maḥmūd Ḥasan va mufakkir-i Islām Maulānā Muftī Maḥmūd kī ḥayāt o k̲h̲idmāt kā ḥasīn tazkirah'' by Muḥammad Fārūq Quraishī, 2017

==See also==
*[[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F)]]
*[[Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite journal |last1=Haq |first1=Abdul |last2=Qadoos |first2=Hafiz Abdul |date=2022 |title=Style and characteristics of Mufti Mehmood's tafseer "Tafseer e Mehmood |url=http://rahatulquloob.com/index.php/rahat/article/view/426 |journal=Rahat-ul-Quloob |language=ur |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=157–168 |doi=10.51411/rahat.6.2.2022/426 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2025 |issn=2521-2869}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Manan |first1=Qazi Abdul |last2=Achakzai |first2=Abdul Ali |date=2022 |title=The thinker of islam, Mulana Mufti Mahmood's role in the movement for khatam-e Nabuwat |url=http://rahatulquloob.com/index.php/rahat/article/view/403 |journal=Rahat-ul-Quloob |language=ur |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=188–198 |doi=10.51411/rahat.6.1.2022/403 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2025 |issn=2521-2869}}

==External links==
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box |title=[[Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Chief Minister of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa]]
|years= 1972 – 1973
|before = [[Sardar Bahadur Khan]]
|after = [[Sardar Inayatullah Khan Gandapur|Inayatullah Gandapur]]}}
|-
{{s-ppo}}
{{succession box |title=[[Emir|Ameer]] of [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam]]
|years=1968 – 1980
|before=[[Abdullah Darkhawasti|Maulana Abdullah Darkhawasti]]
|after=[[Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehman]]}}
{{end}}

{{Islamic scholars from Pakistan}}
{{Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa}}
{{Wifaq ul Madaris Al-Arabia, Pakistan}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahmud, Mufti}}
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:1980 deaths]]
[[Category:Pashtun politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
[[Category:People from Dera Ismail Khan District]]
[[Category:Grand Muftis]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1962–1965]]
[[Category:Pakistani political party founders]]
[[Category:Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam politicians]]
[[Category:Presidents of Wifaq ul Madaris Al-Arabia]]
[[Category:Madrasa Shahi alumni]]
[[Category:Wifaq ul Madaris Al-Arabia people]]
[[Category:Students of Muhammad Miyan Deobandi]]
[[Category:General secretaries of Wifaq ul Madaris Al-Arabia]]
[[Category:Jamia Qasim Ul Uloom people]]
[[Category:People of the Soviet–Afghan War]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]

Mufti Mehmood - Revision history

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