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	{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2019}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2019}}
	{{short description\|Indigenous people of the Attappadi valley, Kerala, India}}		{{short description\|Indigenous people of the Attappadi valley, Kerala, India}}
	[[File:Attappadi Tribal Chief.jpg\|thumb\|Attappadi Tribal Chief at [[Silent Valley National Park#Rivers\|Kuntipuzha River]]\|300px]]		<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Attappadi Tribal Chief.jpg\|thumb\|Attappadi Tribal Chief at [[Silent Valley National Park#Rivers\|Kuntipuzha River]]\|300px]] -->
	'''Mudugar [[indigenous people]]''' live mainly in the [[Attappadi]] valley in [[Palakkad district]] of [[Kerala]], [[South India]].It was also reported that Some Mudugar also live in [[Cuddalore district]],{{citation needed\|date=January 2011}} [[Nilgiri District]] and [[Dharmapuri District]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].		'''Mudugar [[indigenous people]]''' live mainly in the [[Attappadi]] valley in [[Palakkad district]] of [[Kerala]], [[South India]].It was also reported that Some Mudugar also live in [[Cuddalore district]],{{citation needed\|date=January 2011}} [[Nilgiri District]] and [[Dharmapuri District]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].

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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{short description|Indigenous people of the Attappadi valley, Kerala, India}}
[[File:Attappadi Tribal Chief.jpg|thumb|Attappadi Tribal Chief at [[Silent Valley National Park#Rivers|Kuntipuzha River]]|300px]]
'''Mudugar [[indigenous people]]''' live mainly in the [[Attappadi]] valley in [[Palakkad district]] of [[Kerala]], [[South India]].It was also reported that Some Mudugar also live in [[Cuddalore district]],{{citation needed|date=January 2011}} [[Nilgiri District]] and [[Dharmapuri District]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].

==Disambiguation==
The '''Mudugar''' are often misidentified as [[Muthuvan]] or [[Muduvan]], even in the [[Census of India]] [[List of Scheduled Tribes in India|List of Scheduled Tribes]].<br />
In fact, Muthuvan and Muduvan are one and the same and live far away, predominantly in the [[Cardamom Hills]] and [[Anamalai|Anamalai hills]] of [[Idukki district]].
,<ref>C.R. Sathyanarayanan "''SHARING AND COLLECTIVE EXISTENCE: TENETS OF LIVELIHOOD PURSUITS AMONG THE MUDUVANS OF ANAMALAI HILLS, SOUTH INDIA''" Anthropological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Mysore. retrieved 4/2/2007 [http://www.sasnet.lu.se/tribalsathya.doc SHARING AND COLLECTIVE EXISTENCE] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607060859/http://www.sasnet.lu.se/tribalsathya.doc |date=2007-06-07 }}</ref><ref>Ethnologue Report "''Muthuvan A language of India''", ISO 639-3: muv, retrieved 4/1/2007 [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=muv ''Muthuvan A language of India''"]</ref><ref>"''People of India : Kerala : Volume XXVII''" edited by T. Madhava Menon, Deepak Tyagi and B. Francis Kulirani. New Delhi, Affiliated East-West Press for Anthropological Survey of India, (2002), 3 Parts, xlii, 1704 p., ills., maps, $88 (Vol. XXVII). {{ISBN|81-85938-99-7}}. retrieved on 318/2007 [https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no28259.htm People of India : Kerala]</ref>

'''indigenous people''' are also loosely referred to as [[Adivasi]]s, [[tribal]]s, tribes people, [[Scheduled Tribe]] or just ''[[hill people]]''.

==Population==
Census of Kerala identified 9,903 Mudugar individuals from 2,185 families living in 88 settlements covering 67.6 km² in the state.<ref>Kerala Forests & Wildlife Department (2004) "''Population of Important Forest Dwelling Tribes in Kerala''" retrieved 4/4/2007 [http://www.keralaforest.org/html/management/tribaldev.htm "''Population of Important Forest Dwelling Tribes in Kerala''"]</ref>

The main traditional occupation of the Mudugars is collection and [[trade|trading]] of [[non-timber forest product]]s like honey, spices, herbs, medicines and wild foods.

Many of the Mudugar and [[Irulas|Irula]] now work as [[day labor]]ers and [[Porter (carrier)|porter]]s. Some work for the Forest Department in [[Silent Valley National Park]] as [[security guard|forest guards]] and [[Heritage interpretation|visitor guides]]. There is a plan to [[Contingent work|employ]] 50 additional men from these 21 tribal settlements as forest guards for Rs.500/man/month.

16 out of 21 tribal hamlets in the Attappady range are notorious for [[Cannabis (drug)|ganja]] cultivation. Many tribals live in abject poverty and are easily recruited by the so-called ''ganja mafia''.<ref name="Hindu3/12/06">Prabhakaran, G., "Plan afoot to uproot ganja from Silent Valley", The Hindu 12 March 2006.[https://web.archive.org/web/20071001064950/http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/12/stories/2006031209650500.htm uproot ganja]</ref>

==Customs==
'''Marriage''' is normal at age 12 to 14 years and includes many rituals and ceremonies. The wedding is usually conducted in the groom's house. The groom has to give dowry to the bride's father. There is a grand vegetarian feast on the wedding day.

It is normal and acceptable for an adolescent to marry their first or second cousin or even the second spouse of a parent. Occurrence of in-breeding is up to 80%, resulting in a significantly high combined [[Uterus|in utero]], [[Infant mortality|infant]] and child [[mortality rate]] of 38%. [[Polygamy]] is prevalent.<ref>Stephen Joseph and P. M. Mathew (2005) "''Effects of Inbreeding in the Mudugar and Irular Tribal Populations in Kerala''", J. Hum. Ecol., 17(4): 247-250 [http://www.krepublishers.com/02-Journals/JHE/JHE-17-0-000-000-2005-Web/JHE-17-4-237-317-2005-Abst-PDF/JHE-17-4-247-250-2005-1250-Joseph-S/JHE-17-4-247-250-2005-1250-Joseph-S.pdf "''Effects of Inbreeding in the Mudugar''"]</ref>

'''Birth:''' Before her delivery a woman is kept in a separate specially made hut near her house. When birth contractions begin, a mid wife who has mastery over [[Magic (paranormal)|sorcery]], accompanies her. After delivery the women and the baby are declared unclean for six months. She leads a peaceful life without domestic work for three months, with the husband doing her usual tasks.

'''Death:''' When a person dies, couriers travel throughout the hamlets, chanting the name of the dead. The relatives and the neighbors sprinkle [[coriander]] mixed with water on the dead body and a coin is pasted on the forehead. The dead body is completely covered with a white cloth and placed in a bamboo cot. The people who come for the burial service resolve any problems they had with the dead person and thus he is expected to be completely freed for his eternal journey.

A whole day is spent dancing and singing, thanking god for letting the person live as long as they did. In that dance they show symbols that God gave and God took. Mudugar people do not cry when somebody dies. When the father dies, his first-born son [[tonsure]]s his head and when the mother dies the second son tonsure his head. If there are no males in the family girls do so instead.

== Decreasing child birth ==
Sixty five families living in Vellimudi and Sankarankudy villages in [[Valparai]] taluk in [[Coimbatore district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] have reported no child birth in the past ten years (2000–2010). This was followed by 4 to 7 children in each family in previous years. Decrease in child birth has also been observed in Muduvar people living in Poochikottaparai, Selaiyoothu, Karumutti, Vasambukulam villages near Udumulai. While the causes leading to infertility is unknown, it will likely have a severe impact on Muduvar population.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://dinamani.com/edition/Story.aspx?SectionName=Tamilnadu&artid=363880&SectionID=129&MainSectionID=129&SEO=&Title=| title=வால்பாறை கிராமங்களில் முதுவர் இன மக்களிடம் 10 ஆண்டுகளாக குழந்தை பிறக்காத அவலம்: பேரவை மனுக்கள் குழுவிடம் முறையீடு| publisher=Dina Mani| date=20 January 2011| accessdate=20 January 2011}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indigenous peoples of South Asia]]
[[Category:Social groups of Kerala]]
[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]

Mudugar - Revision history

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