TeresitaBunch: put up initial biography more to come

2026-02-13T08:24:52Z

put up initial biography more to come

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{{EngvarB|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox monarch
| name = Mubarak Ali Khan II
| title = Shuja-ul-Mulk (Hero of the Country) Ihtisham-ud-Daulla (Victor in War) Humayun Jah (Of Auspicious Rank) Feroze Mulk (Dignifier of the Country)
| image = Nawab Nazim Humayun Jah.jpg
| caption =
| succession = [[Nawabs of Bengal|Nawab Nazim of Bengal and Bihar]]
| reign = 31 October 1824 – 3 October 1838
| coronation = 23 December 1824
| full name =
| birth_date = 29 September 1810
| birth_place = [[Murshidabad]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[Company Rule in India|British India]]
| death_date = 3 October 1838 (aged 28)
| death_place = [[Hazarduari Palace]], Bengal, British India
| burial_date =
| burial_place = [[Jafarganj Cemetery|Jafarganj]], [[West Bengal]], India
| predecessor = [[Ahmad Ali Khan]]
| successor = [[Mansur Ali Khan]]
| spouse =
| spouse 1 = Rais un-Nisa Begum
| spouse 2 = Ashraf un-Nisa Begum
| spouse 3 = Mubarak Mahal Sahiba ([[Nikah mut‘ah|mut'ah]] wife)
| spouse 4 = Umdat un-Nisa Begum
| issue = [[Mansur Ali Khan]] 
Wahid Hussaib Khan Bahadur 
Sultana Ghetiara Begum 
and 
a daughter who died before 1837.
| royal house =
| dynasty = Najafi
| father = [[Ahmad Ali Khan]]
| mother = Najib un-Nisa Begum
| religion = [[Shia Islam]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |title=The History of Bengal |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283729/page/n447/mode/2up |volume=II |orig-date=1948 |publisher=[[University of Dhaka]] |location=Dhaka |isbn=978-81-7646-239-6 |page=224 |quote=The climax of the movement was reached after [[Murshid Quli Khan]] had established in Bengal what was practically a [[Shia]] dynasty, ever ready to welcome and honour the wandering talent and piety of the centre of that [[Shia Islamic beliefs and practices|creed]].}}</ref><ref name="Rieck2016">{{cite book |last=Rieck |first=Andreas |title=The Shias of Pakistan: An Assertive and Beleaguered Minority |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6aKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 |year=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-061320-4 |page=3 |quote=From 1701 until the British conquest of 1757, Bengal was ruled by [[Shia]] governors appointed by the Mughals but de facto almost independent. Since that time huge [[Husayniyya|imâmbârgâhs]] were built and estates designated as auqâf for the promotion of [[Mourning of Muharram|'azâdârî]] by Iranian merchants and their descendants in Bengal towns like Murshidabad and Hoogly, which also attracted many [[Shia clergy|Shia 'ulamâ']] from both India and Iran.}}</ref>
| signature =
}}

'''Sayyid Mubarak Ali Khan II''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: দ্বিতীয় সৈয়দ মুবারক আলী খান), popularly known as '''Humayun Jah''' (1810 – 1838), was born on 29 September 1810 to [[Ahmad Ali Khan]] and Nazib un-Nisa Begum. He was the [[Nawab of Bengal]] from 1824 to 1838. He was succeeded by [[Mansur Ali Khan]]. He built the famous and renowned [[Hazarduari Palace]] and ''Mubarak Manzil'' in [[Murshidabad]], [[India]]. Nawab Nazim Humayun Jah died on 3 October 1838.<ref name = Jah>{{cite web|title=Information on Nawab Nazim Humayun Jah|url=http://murshidabad.net/history/history-topic-humayun-jah.htm|publisher=Murshidabad.net|access-date=26 November 2012|archive-date=10 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610063712/http://murshidabad.net/history/history-topic-humayun-jah.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4GkBAAAAQAAJ&q=humayun+jah+nawab+of+bengal&pg=PA216|title=Indian records, with a commercial view of the relations between the British government and the nawabs nazim of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha|publisher=G. Bubb|year=1870|author=Indian records}}</ref>

== Life ==

===Early years===
Mubarak Ali Khan was the only son of [[Ahmad Ali Khan]]. He succeeded his father after he died in 1824 under the titles of ''Humayun Jah'' (Of Auspicious Rank), ''Shuja ul-Mulk'' (Hero of the Country), ''Ihtisham ud-Daulah'' (Victor in War) and ''Feroz-e-Mulk'' (Dignifier of the Country).<ref name = Jah/>

===Reign as a Nawab ===
In 1826 he went to [[Patna]] for a change in the ''[[dewan]]ship'' and when he attained his majority he took the management in his own hands, with the plan to dismiss Raja Ganga Dhar from the ''Nizamat Dewanship''.
[[File:Moti Mahal of Mubaraq Manzil with the black throne.jpg|left|thumb|An old photo of the ''Moti Mahal'' of ''Mubaraq Manzil'' seen with the black throne.]]

At ''Findall Bagh'' (now known as ''Mubarak Manzil'') the Courts of Justice of the [[East India Company]] was erected, however, it was unused after the administration of law and justice was removed to [[Calcutta]]. The ''Sadar Dewani Adalat'' (courts or ''darbars'') were held here from 1765 to 1781 until it was removed to [[Calcutta]]. Subsequently, the Civil and Criminal Courts (which were located here) was transferred by [[Lord Cornwallis]] in 1793 by transferring the [[Supreme court]] to [[Calcutta]]. This spacious property of ''Findall Bagh'' was abandoned. There were also three buildings on this spacious property.

In May 1830 Nawab Humayun Jah bought this property from Raja Kissen Chand Bahadur and Kumar Chand of [[Nashipur]] for an amount of {{Indian Rupees}} 35,000. He transformed the property into a pleasure garden and erected the ''Moti Mahal'' (also known as the Red Bunglow) here, he named the garden ''Mubarak Manzil''.<ref name = Jah/><ref>{{cite book|title=From Plassey to Pakistan|date=1 August 2002|publisher=University Press of America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gf8vAQAAIAAJ&q=mubarak+manzil+humayun+jah|author=Humayun Mirza|access-date=26 November 2012|page=68|isbn=9780761823490}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Imperial Gazetteer of India ...|year=1908|publisher=Clarendon Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oSIKAQAAIAAJ&q=mubarak+manzil+humayun+jah|author=Sir William Wilson Hunter|access-date=26 November 2012|page=57}}</ref>

On the terrace in front of ''Moti Mahal'' stood the Royal Throne (black throne) used by the [[Nawabs of Bengal|Nawab "Nazims" of Bengal]] from the time of [[Shah Shuja (Mughal)|Shah Shuja]]. It was brought here by Nawab Nazim Humayun Jah. This Royal Throne is round in shape and is made up of black stone. The throne is 6 feet (72 inches) in diameter and 1.5 feet (18 inches) high. It was made at Mongyer, [[Bihar]] by Khwaja Nazar of Bokhara in 1643 AD. [[Robert Clive]] placed [[Mir Jafar]] on this throne at Mansurganj after the [[Battle of Plassey]] in 1757 AD. Clive to sat on it side-by-side with [[Najimuddin Ali Khan]] at [[Motijhil]] when celebrating the ''pooneath'' after the acquisition of the [[Dewan]]i by the [[East India Company]]. The throne is now kept in [[Victoria Memorial (India)|Victoria Museum]], [[Kolkata]].<ref name = Jah/>
[[File:Hazarduari01 debaditya chatterjee.jpg|thumb|The grand [[Hazarduari Palace]] illuminated at night.]]

===Death and succession ===
[[File:HumayunJahTomb.jpg|thumb|Tomb of Humayun Jah at [[Jafarganj Cemetery]].]]
Nawab Nazim Humayun Jah died on 3 October 1838 and was succeeded by his son, [[Mansur Ali Khan]].<ref name = Jah/><ref>{{cite book|title=A history of Murshidabad District (Bengal)|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924008675047|year=1902|publisher=Jarrold|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924008675047/page/n350 261]|author=John Henry Tull Walsh}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of rulers of Bengal]]
*[[Nawabs of Bengal]]
*[[History of Bengal]]
*[[History of Bangladesh]]
*[[History of India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|url=http://murshidabad.net/history/history-topic-humayun-jah.htm|title=Website dedicated to Nawab Nazim Humayun Jah|access-date=5 April 2012|archive-date=10 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610063712/http://murshidabad.net/history/history-topic-humayun-jah.htm|url-status=dead}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|||29 September 1810|October 3,|1838}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ahmad Ali Khan]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Nawab of Bengal]]
|years=1824–1838}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mansur Ali Khan]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Bengal Zamindars}}

[[Category:Nawabs of Bengal]]
[[Category:1810 births]]
[[Category:1838 deaths]]

Mubarak Ali Khan II - Revision history

TeresitaBunch: put up initial biography more to come