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{{More citations needed|date=November 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Mubarak Ali Khan
| title = Mutamid ul-Mulk (Guardian of the country) Mubarak ud-Daulah (Auspicious of the state) Firuz Jang (Victor in war)
| image = Mubaraq ud-Daulah.jpg
| caption =
| succession = [[Nawabs of Bengal|Nawab Nazim of Bengal and Bihar]]
| reign = 21 March 1770 – 6 September 1793
| coronation = 26 March 1770 (12 years old)
| full name =
| birth_date = 11 December 1759
| birth_place = [[Murshidabad]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], [[Company rule in India|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1793|9|6|1759|12|11|df=y}}
| death_place = Murshidabad, Bengal, British India
| burial_date =
| burial_place =
| predecessor = [[Ashraf Ali Khan]]
| successor = [[Baber Ali Khan]]
| spouse =
| issue = 12 sons and 15 daughters
| royal house =
| dynasty = Najafi
| father = [[Mir Jafar]]
| mother = Babbu Begum
| religion = [[Shia Islam]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar |title=The History of Bengal |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283729/page/n447/mode/2up |volume=II |orig-date=1948 |publisher=[[University of Dhaka]] |location=Dhaka |isbn=978-81-7646-239-6 |page=224 |quote=The climax of the movement was reached after [[Murshid Quli Khan]] had established in Bengal what was practically a [[Shia]] dynasty, ever ready to welcome and honour the wandering talent and piety of the centre of that [[Shia Islamic beliefs and practices|creed]].}}</ref><ref name="Rieck2016">{{cite book |last=Rieck |first=Andreas |title=The Shias of Pakistan: An Assertive and Beleaguered Minority |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t6aKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 |year=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-061320-4 |page=3 |quote=From 1701 until the British conquest of 1757, Bengal was ruled by [[Shia]] governors appointed by the Mughals but de facto almost independent. Since that time huge [[Husayniyya|imâmbârgâhs]] were built and estates designated as auqâf for the promotion of [[Mourning of Muharram|'azâdârî]] by Iranian merchants and their descendants in Bengal towns like Murshidabad and Hoogly, which also attracted many [[Shia clergy|Shia 'ulamâ']] from both India and Iran.}}</ref>
| signature =
}}

'''Sayyid Mubarak Ali Khan''' ({{langx|bn|মুবারক আলী খান}}; 1759 – 6 September 1793), better known as '''Mubarak ud-Daulah''' (spelled also as: '''Mubarak ud-Daula'''), was the [[Nawab of Bengal]] and [[Bihar]]. He was the son of [[Mir Jafar]] and Babbu Begum.

He ascended the throne on 21 March 1770 after his half-brother, [[Ashraf Ali Khan]]'s death on 10 March 1770. Mubarak Ali Khan was succeeded by his son, [[Babar Ali Khan]] after his death on 6 September 1793.

==Life==

===Early years===
[[File:Mubarak ud-Daula Nawab of Murshidabad.jpg|thumb|left|Mubarak ud-Daula Nawab of Murshidabad]]
Nawab Nazim Mubarak Ali Khan, better known as Mubarak ud-Daulah was the son of [[Mir Jafar]] by Babbu Begum. He succeeded his half brother, [[Ashraf Ali Khan]], at the age of 12 years, after Ashraf Ali Khan's death on 24 March 1770. [[Warren Hastings]] appointed Mubarak ud-Daulah's stepmother, [[Munni Begum (noble)|Munny Begum]], his guardian though, his mother Babbu Begum was alive. The reason that why the guardianship was not given Babbu Begum has never been satisfactorily explained.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}

===Later years===
[[File:Nawab Mubarak al-Daula of Murshidabad (1770-93) enthroned in durbar.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Nawab Nazim Mubarak ud-Daulah (enthroned) with his son, [[Baber Ali Khan]] in the Nawab's ''[[Durbar (court)|Durbar]]'' with [[British Resident]], [[Sir John D'Oyly, 6th Baronet|Sir John Hadley]]. Inscribed on the back in ink and pencil is: 'Nabob's Durbar and reception of the English Resident at Morshedabad'.]]

In 1790, the Queen of the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Shah Alam II]], asked, through [[Lord Cornwallis]], for one of Nawab Mubarak ud-Daulah's daughters in marriage with her son. The Nawab rejected the offer in the following terms, in a letter to Lord Cornwallis:

''Please request the Queen to pass over the matter. I cannot, by any means, accede to the proposal. there are many obstacles in the matter. Moreover, there is a longstanding usage in my family, that our daughters can never be given in marriage to any one other than Sayyids. If I act contrary to this, my family custom, I shall be ruined. At all events, my mother and I cannot accept the offer.'' 
—Nawab Nazim Mubarak ud-Daulah of Bengal

Although, the Nawab, then had 13 daughters, and to some extent regarded himself as a servant of the Emperor, he, for family reasons, did not allow the marriage of one of the 13 with even such an honourable prince as the Prince of [[Delhi]].

===Death and succession===
[[File:MubarakAliKhan.jpg|thumb|Tomb of Mubarak Ali Khan at [[Jafarganj Cemetery]].]]
Nawab Nazim Mubarak ud-Daulah died on 6 September 1793. He was succeeded by his son, [[Baber Ali Khan]] after his death.

==Marriage==

===Principal wives===
The following are the principal wives of Nawab Nazim Mubarak Ali Khan:
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Marriage Place
! scope="col" | Marriage Date
! scope="col" | Parent/Other
! scope="col" | Other names
! scope="col" | Birth
! scope="col" | Birth Place
! scope="col" | Death
! scope="col" | Death Place
! scope="col" | Burial Place
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
! scope="row" | (Unknown)
| Murshidabad Fort
| November 1770
| Father: Muhammad Fazl Ali Khan Bahadur Uncle: Sayyid Muhammad Reza Khan ([[Naib|Naib Nazim]] of [[Bengal]] and [[Bihar]])
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
|-
! scope="row" | Faiz-un-nisa Walida Begum
| N.A.
| N.A.
|Father: Fazlullah Khan Mother: Nadira Begum Maternal Grandfather: Mirza Hafizullah Khan
| N.A.
| 1756
| N.A.
| 30 December 1820
| [[Murshidabad]]
| [[Jafarganj Cemetery]]
| She was a ''Gaddinashin Begum''.
|-
! scope="row" | Jahan Begum Sahiba
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
|-
! scope="row" | Amir-un-nisa Begum Sahiba
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
|}

===Mut‘ah wives===
The following are the [[Nikah mut‘ah|mut‘ah]] wives of Nawab Nazim Mubarak Ali Khan:
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Other names
! scope="col" | Death
! scope="col" | Death Place
|-
! scope="row" | Sharaf-un-nisa Khanum
| N.A.
| Before December 1833
| [[Murshidabad]]
|-
! scope="row" | Mubarak-un-nisa Khanum
| Nawab Bai
| N.A.
| N.A.
|-
! scope="row" | Lutf-un-nisa Khanum
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
|-
! scope="row" | Bunnu Khanum
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
|-
! scope="row" | Brij Mahal Bakhsh
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
|-
! scope="row" | Adda Kunwar
| N.A.
| 14 April 1838
| [[Murshidabad]]
|}

==Children==
The following is the list of the children of Nawab Nazim Mubarak Ali Khan:
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Other names
! scope="col" | Birth
! scope="col" | Birth Place
! scope="col" | Death
! scope="col" | Death Place
! scope="col" | Spouse
! scope="col" | Mother
! scope="col" | Sex
|-
! scope="row" | [[Baber Ali Khan|Sayyid Baber Ali Khan Bahadur]]
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| 28 April 1810
| N.A.
| Babbu Begum Sahiba and 1 more.
| Faiz-un-nisa Begum
| Boy
|-
! scope="row" | Sayyid Abdul Qasim Khan Bahadur
| Mir Mungli
| N.A.
| N.A.
| 30 September 1830
| [[Murshidabad]]
| Izzat-un-nisa, Guhan, Sultan Qajah Sari, and Mul Jan
| Sharaf-un-nisa
| Boy
|-
! scope="row" | Sayyid Husain Ali Khan Bahadur
| Mukram ul-Mulk Iftiqar ud-Daulah Firuz Jang
| N.A.
| N.A.
| 31 August 1810
| [[Murshidabad]]
| N.A.
| Nawab Bai
| Boy
|-
! scope="row" | Mir Mehndi
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| February 1826
| [[Murshidabad]]
| N.A.
| Lutf-un-nisa Khanum
| Boy
|-
! scope="row" | Sayyid Tamiz Abidin Ali Khan Bahadur
| Najam ul-Mulk Roshan ud-Daulah Nasir Jang
| N.A.
| N.A.
| 9 September 1840
| Rajabazar Deori, [[Murshidabad]]
| (Unknown)
| (Unknown)
| Boy
|-
! scope="row" | Sayyid Mir Muhammad Ali Khan Bahadur
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| Before 20 June 1827
| (Unknown)
| (Unknown)
| Mubarak-un-nisa Khanum
| Boy
|-
! scope="row" | [[Zainal Abidin Ali Khan|Sayyid Zainal-Abidin Ali Khan Bahadur]]
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| February 1826
| [[Murshidabad]]
| (Unknown)
| Sharaf-un-nisa
| Boy
|-
! scope="row" | Sayyid Abdul Husain Ali Khan Bahadur
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| Lutf-un-nisa Khanum
| Boy
|-
! scope="row" | Sayyid Zulfikar Ali Khan Bahadur
| Nawab Jan Zulfikar ud-Daulah
| N.A.
| N.A.
| 12 November 1840
| [[Murshidabad]]
| (Unknown)
| Nawab Bai
| Boy
|-
! scope="row" | Sayyid Nasir-ud-din Haidar Khan Bahadur
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| 23 May 1821
| [[Murshidabad]]
| N.A.
| (Unknown)
| Boy
|-
! scope="row" | Sayyid Ali Reza Khan Bahadur
| Maulvi Sahib
| N.A.
| N.A.
| June 1813
| [[Murshidabad]]
| N.A.
| (Unknown)
| Boy
|-
! scope="row" | Sayyid Ahmed Ali Khan Bahadur
| Mir Mughal Sahib
| N.A.
| N.A.
| June 1816
| [[Murshidabad]]
| N.A.
| (Unknown)
| Boy
|-
! scope="row" | Zinat-un-nisa Begum Sahiba
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| Sharaf-un-nisa Khanum
| Girl
|-
! scope="row" | Hayat-un-nisa Begum Sahiba
| Rabia Begum
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| (Unknown)
| Girl
|-
! scope="row" | Mubarak-un-nisa Begum Sahiba
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| Before 5 May 1827
| [[Murshidabad]]
| N.A.
| Faiz-un-nisa Walida Begum
| Girl
|-
! scope="row" | Badr-un-nisa Begum Sahiba
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| 13 September 1856
| [[Dacca]]
| N.A.
| Faiz-un-nisa Walida Begum
| Girl
|-
! scope="row" | Lutf-un-nisa Begum Sahiba
| Sahibzadi Begum
| N.A.
| N.A.
| 18 August 1846
| [[Murshidabad]]
| N.A.
| Faiz-un-nisa Walida Begum
| Girl
|-
! scope="row" | Said-un-nisa Begum Sahiba
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| (Unknown)
| Girl
|-
! scope="row" | Dudur-un-nisa Begum Sahiba
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| (Unknown)
| Girl
|-
! scope="row" | Afzal-un-nisa Begum Sahiba
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| Lutf-un-nisa Khanum
| Girl
|-
! scope="row" | Fakhr-un-nisa Begum Sahiba
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| (Unknown)
| Girl
|-
! scope="row" | Rahim-un-nisa Begum Sahiba
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| 17 December 1844
| [[Murshidabad]]
| N.A.
| Lutf-un-nisa Khanum
| Girl
|-
! scope="row" | Jigri-Begum Sahiba
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| 13 January 1859
| [[Murshidabad]]
| N.A.
| Mubarak-un-nisa Khanum
| Girl
|-
! scope="row" | Saleh-un-nisa Begum Sahiba
| Moti Begum
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| Amin ul-Mulk, Sarfaraz ud-Daulah, Sayyid Daud Ali Khan Bahadur, son of Mumtaz ud-Daulah, Sayyid Abdul Qasim Khan Bahadur, bu his wife, Moti Begum.
| Faiz-un-nisa Walida Begum
| Girl
|-
! scope="row" | Nur-un-nisa Begum Sahiba
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| 25 June 1846
| [[Murshidabad]]
| N.A.
| (Unknown)
| Girl
|-
! scope="row" | Umdat-un-nisa Begum Sahiba
| N.A.
| N.A.
| mursidabad.
| 10 November 1842
| (Rajmahal, Jharkhand)
| Sayyid Talib Husain khan Bahadur, son of Mumtaz-ud-Daulah, Sayyid Abdul Qasim Khan Bahadur of ''Raj Mahal'' (Royal Palace).
| Brij Mahal Bakhsh
| Girl
|-
! scope="row" | Wahid-un-nisa Begum Sahiba
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| N.A.
| Girl
|}

==See also==
* [[Nawabs of Bengal]]
* [[List of rulers of Bengal]]
* [[History of Bengal]]
* [[History of Bangladesh]]
* [[History of India]]
* [[Shia Islam in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://murshidabad.net/history/history-topic-mubarak-ud-daulla.htm Site dedicated to Nawab Nazim Mubarak Ali Khan, better known as Mubarak ud-Daulah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009060540/http://murshidabad.net/history/history-topic-mubarak-ud-daulla.htm |date=9 October 2012 }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|||1759|September 6,|1793}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Ashraf Ali Khan]]
}}
{{s-ttl
|title=[[Nawab of Bengal]]
| years = 21 March 1770 – 6 September 1793
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Baber Ali Khan]]
}}
{{end}}

{{Bengal Zamindars}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Mubarak Ali}}
[[Category:1759 births]]
[[Category:1793 deaths]]
[[Category:Nawabs of Bengal]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian monarchs]]

Mubarak Ali Khan - Revision history

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