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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Speciesbox
|name=Mrigal carp
|image=Cirrhinus cirrhosus from the Nandu River.jpg
|image_caption=From the Nandu River
|status=VU
|status_system=IUCN3.1
|status_ref={{r|iucn}}
|display_parents=3
|taxon=Cirrhinus cirrhosus
|authority=([[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]], 1795)
|synonyms_ref=
|synonyms=*''Cirrhina blochii'' [[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1842
*''Cirrhinus blochii'' Valenciennes, 1842
*''Cirrhinus chaudhryi'' Srivastava, 1968
*''Cirrhinus cuvierii'' [[Thomas C. Jerdon|Jerdon]], 1849
*''Cirrhinus horai'' Lakshmanan, 1966
*''Cyprinus cirrhosus'' Bloch, 1795
*''Dangila leschenaultii'' Valenciennes, 1842
*''Mrigala buchanani'' [[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1860
}}

The '''mrigal carp''' ('''''Cirrhinus cirrhosus'''''), ({{lang-bn|মৃগেল|translit=mrigél}}) also known as the '''white carp''', is a species of [[ray-finned fish]] in the [[Cyprinidae|carp family]]. Native to streams and rivers in India, the only surviving wild population is in the [[Cauvery River]], leading to its [[IUCN]] rating as [[Vulnerable species|vulnerable]].<ref name=iucn/> It is widely [[Aquaculture|aquafarmed]] and [[Introduced species|introduced]] populations exist outside its native range.<ref name=iucn/><ref name=fao>{{cite web |url=https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/culturedspecies/cirrhinus_mrigala/en |title=Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822)|author=FAO |date=2014|work=Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme |publisher=FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department |access-date=9 May 2014}}</ref> It reaches a maximum length of {{convert|1|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name=fishbase>{{FishBase |genus=Cirrhinus |species=cirrhosus |month=May |year=2014}}</ref> This species and ''[[Cirrhinus mrigala]]'' are considered distinct.

==Aquaculture==
Mrigal is popular as a food fish and an important aquacultured freshwater species throughout South Asia.<ref>[http://www.nefisco.org/downloads/DevelopmentOfFreshwaterFishFarming.pdf Development of freshwater fish farming and poverty alleviation - A case study from Bangladesh]</ref> It is widely farmed as a component of a [[polyculture]] system of three Indian major carps, along with [[roho labeo]] and the [[catla]]. The introduced by aquaculture across India started in the early 1940s and in the 1950s and in the 1960s to other Asian countries. The mrigal carp fails to breed naturally in ponds, thus induced breeding is done.<ref name=iucn/>

The Indian carps are considered as a delicacy compared to other exotic carp species also cultured in Asia, and sell for higher prices.<ref name=iucn/> Reported annual aquafarming production numbers of mrigal carp since the early 1990s have varied between 250,000 and 550,000 [[tonnes]], with no clear trend. [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]] are the largest producers.<ref name=fao/>
In [[Pakistan]], this fish is known by the name of "Morakhi" or "Moree".

The Mrigal carp was brought to [[Guangdong province]] in [[southern China]] for aquaculture, but it is now considered an [[invasive species]] in the [[Pearl River]] basin.<ref name="6thTone20181010">{{cite news |work=[[Sixth Tone]] |title='Fish of good fortune' brings bad luck to China's native species |url=https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1003038/fish-of-good-fortune-brings-bad-luck-to-chinas-native-species |surname=Li |given=You |date=10 October 2018}}</ref>

==Habitat and ecology==
Mrigal is the benthopelagic and potamodromous plankton feeder. It inhabits fast flowing streams and rivers, but can tolerate high levels of salinity. Spawning occurs in marginal areas of the water bodies with a depth of {{convert|50|to|100|cm|in}} over a sand or clay substrate. A {{convert|6|kg|lb|adj=on}} female can lay a million eggs. This fish has a rapid growth rate; by the age of two individuals can reach a length of {{convert|60|cm|in}} and can weigh as much as {{convert|2|kg|lb}}.

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=iucn>{{Cite iucn |author=Rema Devi, K.R. |author2=Ali, A. |name-list-style=amp |title=''Cirrhinus cirrhosus'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T166531A6230103 |date=2011 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T166531A6230103.en }}</ref>
}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q135517}}

[[Category:Cirrhinus|mrigal carp]]
[[Category:Fish farming]]
[[Category:Commercial fish]]
[[Category:Fish of India]]
[[Category:Fish of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Marine fauna of South Asia]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1795|mrigal carp]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Marcus Elieser Bloch|mrigal carp]]

Mrigal carp - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article