UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-06-30T16:06:05Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

imported>Vijay8808: /* Notable people */

2021-08-25T14:12:22Z

Notable people

New page

{{original research|date=January 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Motihari
| native_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname = Lake City
| pushpin_map = India Bihar
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26|39|00|N|84|55|00|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type5 = Ward(s)
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[East Champaran district|East Champaran]]
| subdivision_name5 = 40
| established_title = 
| established_date = 1876
| leader_name = Pramod Kumar ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])<ref>{{cite news |title=Motihari Election Result 2020 Live Updates: Pramod Kumar of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/motihari-election-result-2020-live-updates-motihari-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3061589.html |access-date=2 January 2021 |work=News18 |date=10 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal corporation]]
| governing_body = Motihari Municipal Corporation<ref>{{cite web |title=Motihari Municipal Corporation|url=https://eastchamparan.nic.in/public-utility/motihari-municipal-council/ |website=eastchamparan.nic.in |access-date=31 December 2020}}</ref>
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 20
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 62
| population_total = 246258
| population_as_of 2011 = 126158
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym = Motiharivashi
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=23 March 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| demographics1_title3 = Regional
| demographics1_info3 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Bhojpuri |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bho |website=Ethnologue |access-date=8 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 845401, 845435, 845437
| area_code = 06252
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| registration_plate = BR-05
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Purvi Champaran (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purvi Champaran]]
| website = {{URL|eastchamparan.bih.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
| unemployment_rate =
| sex_ratio =
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Motihari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Motihari]]
| official_name =
| leader_title = MLA
| extinct_title = Garld of pearl
| government_footnotes =
| seat_type = Municipality
| leader_name1 = Smt. Anju Devi
| leader_title1 = Mayor
| seat = Motihari
| image_shield = Bihar Government Banner.png
| anthem =
}}

'''Motihari''' is the headquarters of [[East Champaran district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]]. It is located {{convert|152.2|km}} north of the state capital [[Patna]].

==Geography==
{{see also|List of cities in Bihar}}
Motihari is located on 26°39' N and 84°55' E in northwestern Bihar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Motihari,+Bihar/@26.6361719,84.8852545,13z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x399334f786408169:0x94579e553aba3627!8m2!3d26.6438482!4d84.9040337?shorturl=1|title=Google Maps|website=Google Maps|language=en|access-date=25 January 2020}}</ref> It is about {{cvt|165|km}} northwest from the state capital [[Patna]], {{cvt|45|km}} from [[Bettiah]], {{cvt|72|km}} from [[Muzaffarpur]], {{cvt|40|km}} from [[Mehsi]], {{cvt|30|km}} from [[Chakia, Bihar|Chakia]] and {{cvt|75|km}} from [[Sitamarhi]]. It is on the east bank of a lake, about {{cvt|40|km}} southeast of [[Bettiah]].

==Panoramic Motihari==
[[File:Motihari station, India, ca. 1906 (IMP-CSCNWW33-OS14-6).jpg|thumb|left|Motihari station, India, ca. 1906]]
The topography of Motihari has been described as scenic, with the "stunning beauty" (in classical terms) of Moti Jheel Lake dividing the town in two halves.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EzPYdQo3vZgC&q=dhanauti+motijhil&pg=PA374 |title = Wetlands Management in North Bihar|isbn = 9788180697074|last1 = Mandal|first1 = R. B.|year = 2010}}</ref>

In Gangan Lit-Mag (Gangway Literary Magazine), Austria, wrote [[Anant Kumar]]: "The playgrounds of my childhood were the streets of Motihari. Back then that little East Indian town was not overpopulated, and the dry, clean streets of every part of town were ideal for our games: marbles, tops, badminton. And back then Motihari was a wide distance away from the big world. There were very many mango and lichee trees, fragrant lemon bushes, broad, large fields…and very few people. There were scattered decrepit hawelis and bungalows, in which frightening bhuts, geniis and juraels dwelled."<ref>http://www.gangan.com/lit-mag/36/index.shtml<nowiki/>{{Dead link|date=August 2021}}</ref>

The Gandhi Sangrahalaya has a wide collection of relics and photographs of the [[Champaran Satyagraha]]. The Gandhian Memorial Pillar was designed by [[Nandalal Bose|Nand Lal Bose]], a famous artist of [[Shantiniketan]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=Champaran: Where mall meets Mahatma but there's reverence and remembrance too |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/champaran-where-mall-meets-mahatma-but-there-s-reverence-and-remembrance-too-119100100369_1.html |access-date=7 January 2020 |work=Business Standard India |date=1 October 2019}}</ref> The foundation stone of the pillar was laid on 10 June 1972 by the then Governor, [[D. K. Barooah|D. K. Barooch]]. It is a {{convert|48|ft|adj=on}} tall stone pillar and is situated at the same site where [[Mahatma Gandhi]] was presented in court.

==Demographics==
As of [[2011 Indian Census]], Motihari had a total population of 126,158, of which 67,861 were males and 58,297 were females, with a sex ratio of 859. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 16,870. The total number of literates in Motihari was 92,798, which constituted 73.6% of the population with male literacy of 76.2% and female literacy of 70.5%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Motihari was 84.9%, of which male literacy rate was 88.1% and female literacy rate was 81.2%. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] population was 7,373 and 333 respectively. Motihari had 22,224 households in 2011.<ref name="Census2011Gov">{{cite web |title=Census of India: Motihari |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=247194 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref>

{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], the population of Motihari in 2011 was 101,506, of which male and female were 54,629 and 46,877, respectively. The sex ratio of Motihari city is 858 per 1,000 males. Total literates in Motihari city are 69,576 of which 40,265 were males while 29,311 were females. The crude literacy rate of 68.5% and effective literacy (7+ population) per cent of 80.3%. The children aged 0–6 in Motihari city are 14,910, as per the Census India report, in 2001, with 7,811 males and 7,099 females. The child sex ratio of girls is 909 per 1,000 boys.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=16 June 2004|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=1 November 2008|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

==Climate==
Climate is characterised by high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The [[Köppen Climate Classification]] sub-type for this climate is "[[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]" (Humid Subtropical).
{{Weather box
|location = Motihari
|single line = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|Jan high F = 72
|Feb high F = 78
|Mar high F = 88
|Apr high F = 93
|May high F = 96
|Jun high F = 93
|Jul high F = 90
|Aug high F = 90
|Sep high F = 89
|Oct high F = 86
|Nov high F = 80
|Dec high F = 74
|year high F = 86
|Jan low F = 47
|Feb low F = 51
|Mar low F = 59
|Apr low F = 69
|May low F = 75
|Jun low F = 79
|Jul low F = 79
|Aug low F = 79
|Sep low F = 77
|Oct low F = 69
|Nov low F = 56
|Dec low F = 48
|year low F = 66
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.9
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.4
|Mar precipitation inch = 1
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.7
|May precipitation inch = 2.8
|Jun precipitation inch = 7.9
|Jul precipitation inch = 17.2
|Aug precipitation inch = 11
|Sep precipitation inch = 10
|Oct precipitation inch = 4
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.2
|Dec precipitation inch = 0
|year precipitation inch = 57
|source 1 = Weatherbase<ref name=Weatherbase>
{{cite web
|url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=38324&cityname=Motihari-Bihar-India|publisher=Weatherbase
|title=Weatherbase.com
|year=2013
}}
Retrieved on 31 July 2013.
</ref>
|date=July 2013
}}

==Connectivity==
[[File:Bapudham Motihari Station Board.jpg|thumb|[[Bapudham Motihari railway station]]]]
Motihari is connected to different cities of India through railways and roadways. [[Bapudham Motihari railway station]] is the main railway station serving the city. Direct trains are available to [[New Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Jammu]], [[Kolkatta|Kolkata]], and [[Guwahati]]. [[AH42|Asian Highway 42]], [[National Highway 28A (India, old numbering)|National Highway 28A]] and State Highway 54 passes through the city. The nearest airport is located in [[Darbhanga]] which is about {{cvt|140|km}} from Motihari.

==Education==
[[File:Mce photo.jpg|thumb|[[Motihari College of Engineering]]]]
The city hosts a number of institutes and universities for higher education supported by both state and central governments.
*[[Motihari College of Engineering]].
* [[Mahatma Gandhi Central University]]
*[https://www.mscollege.ac.in/about-us/history/ MS College (Munshi Singh College)]
*Ayurvedic College

==Notable people==
[[File:GeoreOrwell.jpg|thumb|left|100px|[[George Orwell]]]]
[[File:R.C.Jha.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Ramesh Chandra Jha]]]]
[[File:Thakur Ramapati Singh.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Thakur Ramapati Singh]]]]
[[File:Anant_Kumar_Dresden_2008.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Anant Kumar]]]]
*[[George Orwell]], author of ''[[Animal Farm]]'' and ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'', was born in Motihari in 1903. His father, Richard Walmesley Blair, was a deputy posted in the opium department in Bihar. When he was one year old, George left for England with his mother and sister. The town of Motihari was largely unaware of its connection with Orwell. In 2003, Motihari discovered its role in Orwell's life when a number of journalists arrived in the town for Orwell's hundredth birthday. Local officials are making plans for the construction of a museum on Orwell's life.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/articles/col-not-well-with-orwell.htm |title=All's not well with Orwell |first=Debashis |last=Bhattacharyya |work=The Telegraph |location=Calcutta, India |date=14 November 2004|access-date=27 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.netcharles.com/orwell/articles/col-motihari.htm |title=Makeover for Orwell's India home |first=Amarnath |last=Tewary |work=BBC News |location=Motihari, Bihar |date=1 August 2005|access-date=27 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-23/special-report/40146158_1_motihari-indian-imperial-police-katha |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012043121/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-23/special-report/40146158_1_motihari-indian-imperial-police-katha |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 October 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |title=Big Brother can't be bothered |access-date=27 February 2021}}</ref> Built on an area of 2.48-acre, Orwell's home was inaugurated as a museum in May 2015.<ref>{{cite news |work=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-28739420 |title=The Indian Animal Farm where Orwell was born |first=Suhail |last=Haleem |date=12 August 2014 |access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Giridhar |title=George Orwell's house in Bihar turned into museum|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/british-novelist-george-orwell-motihari-bihar-253292-2015-05-17 |access-date=27 February 2021 |work=India Today |date=17 May 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Azizul Haque (police officer)|Khan Bahadur Azizul Huq]], one of the two Indian police officers who worked with [[Edward Henry]] in the development of fingerprint classification, known as the [[Henry Classification System]], died in Motihari in 1933. "It was Khan Bahadur Azizul Huq who evolved a mathematical formula to supplement Henry's idea of sorting slips in 1024 pigeon holes, based on fingerprint patterns. Rai Bahadur [[Hem Chandra Bose]] made further contribution to the fingerprint science by evolving an extended system of sub classification, a telegraphic code for finger impression and a system of single-digit classification."<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2000;volume=46;issue=4;spage=303;epage=8;aulast=Tewari;type=0|title=History and development of forensic science in India.|first1=R. K.|last1=Tewari|first2=K. V.|last2=Ravikumar|date=1 October 2000|journal=Journal of Postgraduate Medicine|volume=46|issue=4|pages=303–8|access-date=20 December 2019|via=www.jpgmonline.com|pmid=11435664}}</ref>

:Both Haque and Bose eventually received honoraria and recognition from the Government of India. At the time of final approval of the honorarium for Haque, the Home Department (Government of India) noted, "It appears from the information now received that he (Haque) was Sir Edward Henry's principal helper in perfecting the scheme and he actually himself devised the method of classification which is in universal use. He thus contributed most materially to a discovery which is of worldwide importance and has brought a great credit to the police of India."<ref>[http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/jan102005/185.pdf Sodhi, GS, & Kaur, JK: The forgotten Indian pioneers of fingerprint science]</ref> Upon retirement from the Police service in [[Bengal]] and [[Bihar]], Khan Bahadur Azizul Huq settled in Motihari, and he is buried there.
*[[A.F. Salahuddin Ahmed]], [[National Professor]] of Bangladesh, a grandson of [[Azizul Haque (police officer)|Khan Bahadur Azizul Huq]] was born in Motihari in 1924. He was educated at [[Presidency University, Kolkata]], [[University of Pennsylvania]], and [[University of London]], and taught at eminent universities in [[Bangladesh]]: [[Jagannath College]], [[Rajshahi University]], [[Jahangir Nagar University]], [[Dhaka University]], and [[Independent University, Bangladesh]], and wrote many books and articles in professional journals and newspapers. In one of his books, Perspectives on History, Society and Politics, he argued that despite the political divisions that took place in South Asia in 1947, the people of this vast region belong to "one indivisible civilisation which is the product of over a thousand years of historical development" and that the destinies of the people inhabiting the subcontinent are closely interlinked. They must therefore learn to live together in peace, as this is essential for their development and progress.
*[[Ramesh Chandra Jha]], a modern Hindi poet, author and freedom fighter belonged to Phulwariya village in Motihari.
*[[Thakur Ramapati Singh]], a freedom fighter, MLA, Minister, and MP from Motihari.
*[[Anant Kumar]] (born 1969 in [[Katihar]]/[[Bihar]]), a [[Germany|German]] author, translator and literary critic of [[India]]n descent. He spent his childhood in Motihari where his father Rajendra Prasad was Professor of Psychology at Munshi Singh College. He resides in [[Kassel]], [[Germany]]. Royal City Gotha (Free state Thueringia, Germany) honored Kumar as a Resident Writer in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gotha.de/leben-in-gotha/buergerengagement-ehrenamt-projekte/kurd-lasswitz-stipendium.html|title=Kurd-Laßwitz-Stipendium|website=www.gotha.de|access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref> Kumar worked 2016 as a fellow in the symposium for dramatic writing at Volturno, Italy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nids.eu/?p=582|title=Summer School Südtirol 2016 Für Dramatisches Und Essayistisches Schreiben — Thema: Unsere Utopien | Nids | Neues Institut für dramatisches Schreiben|access-date=20 December 2019}}</ref>
* [[Anuranjan Jha]], journalist, TV anchor and social worker.
* [[Ravish Kumar]], TV anchor and journalist, NDTV Delhi.
* [[Radha Mohan Singh]], Union Minister of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare.

== Connection with Gandhi ==
Motihari, at that time simply called '''Champaran''', was close to [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. He came to Motihari in 1917<ref>{{Cite web|title=Champaran Satyagraha {{!}} The Story of Gandhi {{!}} Students' Projects|url=https://www.mkgandhi.org/storyofg/chap15.htm|access-date=2021-07-15|website=www.mkgandhi.org}}</ref> with [[Raj Kumar Shukla]] to start the [[Satyagraha]] movement in champaran, known as [[Champaran Satyagraha]], which concerned the exploitations of farmers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gandhi's Satyagraha in Champaran|url=http://indianculture.gov.in/stories/gandhis-satyagraha-champaran|access-date=2021-07-15|website=INDIAN CULTURE|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-01|title=Champaran Satyagraha- India's First Civil Disobedience Movement|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/champaran-satyagraha-india-first-civil-disobedience-movement-1529493459-1|access-date=2021-07-15|website=Jagranjosh.com}}</ref> Gandhi with his supporters held a big campaign in champaran.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lal|first=Vinay|date=2018-10-03|title=Gandhi and the printed image|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/gandhis-story-in-images/article25113640.ece|access-date=2021-07-15|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> His frequent visits to champaran and its local areas showed the Gandhi's connection with land.

The city has been synonymed after him. Many attractions in Motihari relate to him. The railway station has been named [[Bapudham Motihari railway station]] (Bapudham means "land of Bapu").

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website}}
* [http://tirhut-muzaffarpur.bih.nic.in Official Website of Tirhut Division]

{{Tirhut Division}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in East Champaran district]]

Motihari - Revision history

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

imported>Vijay8808: /* Notable people */