Morsing - Revision history

FredricKeeton9 at 08:51, 24 January 2026

2026-01-24T08:51:06Z

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	The '''morsing''' (also '''mukharshanku''', '''mourching''', '''morching''' or '''morchang'''; Sanskrit: दंत वाद्यन्तरात्मसत्रस्य, Telugu: మోర్సింగ్, Kannada: ಮೋರ್ಸಿಂಗ್, Rajasthani: मोरचंग, Tamil: நாமுழவு அல்லது முகச்சங்கு, Malayalam: മുഖർശംഖ്, [[English language\|English]]: "[[Jew's harp\|jaw harp]]") is an instrument similar to the [[Jew's harp]], mainly used in [[Rajasthan]], in the [[Carnatic music]] of [[South India]], and in [[Sindh]], Pakistan. It can be categorized under [[lamellophone]]s, which is a sub-category of plucked [[idiophone]]s. The instrument consists of a metal ring in the shape of a [[horseshoe]] with two parallel forks ~~which~~ form the frame, and a metal tongue in the middle, between the forks, fixed to the ring at one end and free to vibrate at the other. The metal tongue, also called the trigger, is bent at the free end in a plane perpendicular to the circular ring so that it can be struck and made to vibrate.<ref>{{cite web\|title=The morchang: an iron jews harp from Rajasthan\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcKN55h2KFM \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/tcKN55h2KFM \|archive-date=2021-12-13 \|url-status=live\|website=YouTube\|publisher=Asian Music Circuit\|access-date=28 July 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref>		The '''morsing''' (also '''mukharshanku''', '''mourching''', '''morching''' or '''morchang'''; [[Sanskrit]]: दंत वाद्यन्तरात्मसत्रस्य, [[Telugu language\|Telugu]]: మోర్సింగ్, [[Kannada]]: ಮೋರ್ಸಿಂಗ್, Rajasthani: मोरचंग, [[Tamil language\|Tamil]]: நாமுழவு அல்லது முகச்சங்கு, [[Malayalam]]: മുഖർശംഖ്, [[English language\|English]]: "[[Jew's harp\|jaw harp]]") is an instrument similar to the [[Jew's harp]], mainly used in [[Rajasthan]], in the [[Carnatic music]] of [[South India]], and in [[Sindh]], Pakistan. It can be categorized under [[lamellophone]]s, which is a sub-category of plucked [[idiophone]]s. The instrument consists of a metal ring in the shape of a [[horseshoe]] with two parallel forks that form the frame, and a metal tongue in the middle, between the forks, fixed to the ring at one end and free to vibrate at the other. The metal tongue, also called the trigger, is bent at the free end in a plane perpendicular to the circular ring so that it can be struck and made to vibrate.<ref>{{cite web\|title=The morchang: an iron jews harp from Rajasthan\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcKN55h2KFM \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/tcKN55h2KFM \|archive-date=2021-12-13 \|url-status=live\|website=YouTube\|publisher=Asian Music Circuit\|access-date=28 July 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

	[[File:Morsing1.jpg\|thumb\|Morsing (Jaw Harp)]]		[[File:Morsing1.jpg\|thumb\|Morsing (Jaw Harp)]]
	The morsing can be traced back over ~~1500~~ years. ~~They banged on the fishbone and a musical sound was produced.Though its~~ exact origin in [[~~India~~]] is not well documented, with most ancient accounts being derived from folk tales ~~[[secondary source]]~~. It is found mainly in [[South India]], [[Rajasthan]] and some parts of [[Assam]]. In [[Bengal]]i and Assamese folk music it is sometimes played with a [[Rabindrasangeet]], while in South India, it features in Carnatic concerts and percussion ensembles. In [[Rajasthan]] it is known as ''morchang'' and is used as a percussion instrument in ''lok geet'' (folk music). It was often used in [[Hindi cinema]] by music directors like [[R.D. Burman]] and [[S.D.Burman\|S.D. Burman]], and has resurfaced in the twentieth century, with street performers like Varun Zinje playing it in a renewed style.<ref name="Saving"/> It is said to be the precursor to subsequent instruments such as the [[harmonica]] and the [[Pump organ\|harmonium]].<ref name="Saving">{{cite web\|title=Saving the jaw harp: Varun Zinje a.k.a. Morchangwala at TEDxEMWS\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yk6FKDn7Slw \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/yk6FKDn7Slw \|archive-date=2021-12-13 \|url-status=live\|website=Tedx\|publisher=YouTube\|access-date=28 July 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref>		The morsing can be traced back over 1,500 years. Its exact origin in the [[Indian subcontinent]] is not well documented, with most ancient accounts being derived from folk tales. It is found mainly in [[South India]], [[Rajasthan]], and some parts of [[Assam]]. In [[Bengal]]i and Assamese folk music, it is sometimes played with a [[Rabindrasangeet]], while in South India, it features in Carnatic concerts and percussion ensembles. In [[Rajasthan]] it is known as ''morchang'' and is used as a percussion instrument in ''lok geet'' (folk music). It was often used in [[Hindi cinema]] by music directors like [[R.D. Burman]] and [[S.D.Burman\|S.D. Burman]], and has resurfaced in the twentieth century, with street performers like Varun Zinje playing it in a renewed style.<ref name="Saving"/> It is said to be the precursor to subsequent instruments such as the [[harmonica]] and the [[Pump organ\|harmonium]].<ref name="Saving">{{cite web\|title=Saving the jaw harp: Varun Zinje a.k.a. Morchangwala at TEDxEMWS\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yk6FKDn7Slw \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/yk6FKDn7Slw \|archive-date=2021-12-13 \|url-status=live\|website=Tedx\|publisher=YouTube\|access-date=28 July 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

	==Playing technique==		==Playing technique==
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	==Notable players==		==Notable players==
	Players of the instrument are sometimes called ''Morsingists''. Current day players include ~~Varun Zinje (Morchangwala)~~, Sundar N, Minjur M Yagnaraman, Bejjanki V Ravi Kiran, Ortal Pelleg, Valentinas, Viaceslavas,<ref name="It"/> the [[Barmer Boys]], T S Nandakumar and a number of Rajasthani folk music players from the traditional entertainer tribe of Laggas.<ref>{{cite web\|last1=Pelleg\|first1=Ortal\|title={{sic\|nolink=y\|reason=error in source\|POWERFULL}} Mouth Harp(morchang) in 7 Beat\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2W4VcDS8AO4 \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/2W4VcDS8AO4 \|archive-date=2021-12-13 \|url-status=live\|website=YouTube\|publisher=Ortal Pelleg\|access-date=28 July 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Morsingists from earlier eras include [[Abraham Lincoln]],{{Dubious\|date=June 2013}} the Russian [[Tsar]] [[Peter the Great]] {{Dubious\|date=June 2013}} and Mannargudi Natesa Pillai, Hariharasharma (father of Vikku Vinayagaram), Pudukkottai Mahadevan, and Kalaimamani A S Krishnan from South India.{{cn\|date=September 2022}}		Players of the instrument are sometimes called ''Morsingists''. Current day players include Bhagyalakshmi M. Krishna, Sundar N, Minjur M Yagnaraman, Bejjanki V Ravi Kiran, Ortal Pelleg, Valentinas, Viaceslavas,<ref name="It"/> the [[Barmer Boys]], T S Nandakumar and a number of Rajasthani folk music players from the traditional entertainer tribe of Laggas.<ref>{{cite web\|last1=Pelleg\|first1=Ortal\|title={{sic\|nolink=y\|reason=error in source\|POWERFULL}} Mouth Harp(morchang) in 7 Beat\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2W4VcDS8AO4 \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/2W4VcDS8AO4 \|archive-date=2021-12-13 \|url-status=live\|website=YouTube\|publisher=Ortal Pelleg\|access-date=28 July 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Morsingists from earlier eras include [[Abraham Lincoln]],{{Dubious\|date=June 2013}} the Russian [[Tsar]] [[Peter the Great]] {{Dubious\|date=June 2013}} and Mannargudi Natesa Pillai, Hariharasharma (father of Vikku Vinayagaram), Pudukkottai Mahadevan, and Kalaimamani A S Krishnan, Mysore M Gururaj, Bharadwaj R Sathavalli and the great late L. Bhimachar from South India.{{cn\|date=September 2022}}

	==See also==		==See also==
			{{Portal bar\|India\|Music}}

	==References==		==References==
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	==External links==		==External links==
			{{Commons category}}
	*[http://www.carnatica.net/sangeet/morsing.htm Morsing at Carnatica.net]		*[http://www.carnatica.net/sangeet/morsing.htm Morsing at Carnatica.net]
	*[http://www.mridangam.com/morsing.html Morsing at Mridangam.com]		*[http://www.mridangam.com/morsing.html Morsing at Mridangam.com]

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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal bar\|India\|Music}}~~

	==References==		==References==

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			{{Short description\|Instrument played with the help of mouth and hand}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2020}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2020}}
			{{unreliable\|date=September 2022}}
	{{Infobox Instrument		{{Infobox Instrument
	\|name=Morsing~~(Mukharshanku)~~		\| name = Morsing
	\|names=		\| names =
	\|image=Morsing2.jpg		\| image = Morsing2.jpg
	\|classification=[[hand percussion]]		\| classification = [[hand percussion]]
	\|hornbostel_sachs=121.2		\| hornbostel_sachs = 121.2
	\|range= struck using the other hand to produce sound.		\| range = struck using the other hand to produce sound.
	\|related=		\| related =
	}}		}}
	A '''morsing''' (also '''mukharshanku''', '''mourching''', '''morching''' or '''morchang'''; [[Telugu ~~language\|Telugu]]~~: మోర్సింగ్, [[Kannada]]: ಮೋರ್ಸಿಂಗ್, [[Rajasthani ~~language\|Rajasthani]]~~: मोरचंग, ~~[[Tamil language\|~~Tamil]]: நாமுழவு அல்லது முகச்சங்கு, [[Malayalam]]: മുഖർശംഖ്, [[English language\|English]]: "[[Jew's harp\|jaw harp]]") is an instrument similar to the [[Jew's harp]], mainly used in [[Rajasthan]], in the [[Carnatic music]] of [[South India]], and in [[Sindh]], Pakistan. It can be categorized under [[lamellophone]]s, which is ~~in the~~ category of plucked [[idiophone]]s. It consists of a metal ring in the shape of a [[horseshoe]] with two parallel forks which form the frame, and a metal tongue in the middle, between the forks, fixed to the ring at one end and free to vibrate at the other. The metal tongue is bent at the free end in a plane perpendicular to the circular ring so that it can be struck and is made to vibrate~~. This bent part is called the trigger~~.<ref>{{cite web\|title=The morchang: an iron jews harp from Rajasthan\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcKN55h2KFM\|website=YouTube\|publisher=Asian Music Circuit\|access-date=28 July 2015}}</ref>		The '''morsing''' (also '''mukharshanku''', '''mourching''', '''morching''' or '''morchang'''; Sanskrit: दंत वाद्यन्तरात्मसत्रस्य, Telugu: మోర్సింగ్, Kannada: ಮೋರ್ಸಿಂಗ್, Rajasthani: मोरचंग, Tamil: நாமுழவு அல்லது முகச்சங்கு, Malayalam: മുഖർശംഖ്, [[English language\|English]]: "[[Jew's harp\|jaw harp]]") is an instrument similar to the [[Jew's harp]], mainly used in [[Rajasthan]], in the [[Carnatic music]] of [[South India]], and in [[Sindh]], Pakistan. It can be categorized under [[lamellophone]]s, which is a sub-category of plucked [[idiophone]]s. The instrument consists of a metal ring in the shape of a [[horseshoe]] with two parallel forks which form the frame, and a metal tongue in the middle, between the forks, fixed to the ring at one end and free to vibrate at the other. The metal tongue, also called the trigger, is bent at the free end in a plane perpendicular to the circular ring so that it can be struck and made to vibrate.<ref>{{cite web\|title=The morchang: an iron jews harp from Rajasthan\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcKN55h2KFM \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/tcKN55h2KFM \|archive-date=2021-12-13 \|url-status=live\|website=YouTube\|publisher=Asian Music Circuit\|access-date=28 July 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

	[[File:Morsing1.jpg\|thumb\|Morsing (Jaw Harp)]]		[[File:Morsing1.jpg\|thumb\|Morsing (Jaw Harp)]]
	~~An instrument with a history of~~ 1500 years, its exact origin in [[India]] is not well documented~~. In the tradition of the Indian gurukul system of teaching~~, ~~thus~~ folk tales ~~are a~~ [[secondary source]] ~~of its history~~. ~~In India it~~ is found mainly in [[South India]], [[Rajasthan]] and ~~also in~~ some parts of [[Assam]]. ~~It is also sometimes used while playing~~ [[~~Rabindrasangeet~~]] in [[~~Bengal~~]] ~~and~~ in ~~Assamese folk songs. In~~ South India, it features in Carnatic concerts and percussion ensembles. It is said to be the precursor to subsequent instruments such as the [[harmonica]] and the [[Pump organ\|harmonium]].<ref name="Saving">{{cite web\|title=Saving the jaw harp: Varun Zinje a.k.a. Morchangwala at TEDxEMWS\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yk6FKDn7Slw\|website=Tedx\|publisher=YouTube\|access-date=28 July 2015}}</ref>		The morsing can be traced back over 1500 years. They banged on the fishbone and a musical sound was produced.Though its exact origin in [[India]] is not well documented, with most ancient accounts being derived from folk tales [[secondary source]]. It is found mainly in [[South India]], [[Rajasthan]] and some parts of [[Assam]]. In [[Bengal]]i and Assamese folk music it is sometimes played with a [[Rabindrasangeet]], while in South India, it features in Carnatic concerts and percussion ensembles. In [[Rajasthan]] it is known as ''morchang'' and is used as a percussion instrument in ''lok geet'' (folk music). It was often used in [[Hindi cinema]] by music directors like [[R.D. Burman]] and [[S.D.Burman\|S.D. Burman]], and has resurfaced in the twentieth century, with street performers like Varun Zinje playing it in a renewed style.<ref name="Saving"/> It is said to be the precursor to subsequent instruments such as the [[harmonica]] and the [[Pump organ\|harmonium]].<ref name="Saving">{{cite web\|title=Saving the jaw harp: Varun Zinje a.k.a. Morchangwala at TEDxEMWS\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yk6FKDn7Slw \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/yk6FKDn7Slw \|archive-date=2021-12-13 \|url-status=live\|website=Tedx\|publisher=YouTube\|access-date=28 July 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

	In [[Rajasthan]] it is called ''morchang'' and is used as a percussion instrument in ''lok geet'' (folk music). It was often used in [[Hindi cinema]] by music directors like [[R.D. Burman]] and [[S.D.Burman]], and has resurfaced in the twentieth century, with street performers like Varun Zinje playing it in a renewed style.<ref name="Saving"/>

	==Playing technique==		==Playing technique==
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	==Advanced playing and the art of accompaniment==		==Advanced playing and the art of accompaniment==
	{{Carnatic}}		{{Carnatic}}
	As the morsing is played ~~most of the time~~ along with the [[mridangam]] or [[dhol]], it is necessary to know the syllables or aural interpretation of what is played on mridangam. It is important to know the aural representation of the ferns (pattern of syllables played on percussion instruments) played on mridangam as it is being silently recited while playing the morsing. This vocal art of reciting the syllables played on the mridangam is called [[konnakol]]. But while playing on morsing you don't actually make sound of reciting the syllable but just move your tongue that way so that the air passages gets blocked and cleared in a pattern so as to produce the sound of the ferns. It is essential to follow the mridangam and play the same ferns as far as possible, though it is difficult owing to the limitations of the instrument.		In Carnatic music, the morsing is usually played along with the [[mridangam]] or [[dhol]], so it is necessary to know the syllables or aural interpretation of what is played on mridangam. It is important to know the aural representation of the ferns (pattern of syllables played on percussion instruments) played on mridangam as it is being silently recited while playing the morsing. This vocal art of reciting the syllables played on the mridangam is called [[konnakol]]. But while playing on morsing you don't actually make sound of reciting the syllable but just move your tongue that way so that the air passages gets blocked and cleared in a pattern so as to produce the sound of the ferns. It is essential to follow the mridangam and play the same ferns as far as possible, though it is difficult owing to the limitations of the instrument.

	Glimpses of uniqueness and versatility of the morsing can be shown when accompanying singly for the song or during [[neraval]] or [[swara prastara]] (stages of song rendition in Carnatic music). The morsing is played as a shadow of the mridangam throughout the concert and the instrument's capabilities should be exhibited when playing or accompanying alone or during Thani (percussion round in a concert) or [[talavadyas]] (percussion ensembles).		Glimpses of uniqueness and versatility of the morsing can be shown when accompanying singly for the song or during [[neraval]] or [[swara prastara]] (stages of song rendition in Carnatic music). The morsing is played as a shadow of the mridangam throughout the concert and the instrument's capabilities should be exhibited when playing or accompanying alone or during Thani (percussion round in a concert) or [[talavadyas]] (percussion ensembles).

	Though working on completely different principles, the music of the Morchang sounds similar to that emanating from the Australian [[didgeridoo]].		Though working on completely different principles, the music of the Morchang sounds similar to that emanating from the Australian [[didgeridoo]].{{cn\|date=September 2022}}

	=~~=Health impacts==~~
	Prolonged playing may stain and wear down teeth, if a teeth guards of any sort aren't used. Night guards (to help wearing down of clenched teeth at night), retainers (for use after teeth straightening) and the like may help with this.
	~~The vibrating instrument will also make small chips in the front teeth. The chips will become visible over time.~~

	The musician's smile may become irregular over time, if the morsing isn't alternated between the two sides of the mouth, and the two hands. It should be very easy to learn to play the morsing with the other side. It's not known whether regular corrective smiling (in the mirror) may improve this.

	~~Research is yet to be done on morsing and painful chronic jaw issues.~~

	==Variants ~~across~~ the world==		==Variants around the world==
	The Morchang exists, in nearly the same form and design all over the world, and is called by different names (estimated to be around 900) in different languages. For example: Morchang / morsing (India), Kou-Xian ([[China]]), Vargan ([[Russia]]), Munnharpe ([[Norway]]), Zanboorak ([[Iran]]), Maultrommel (Germany), Guimbarde (France), Marranzano (Italy), Doromb (Hungary) ~~and~~ Dambrelis (Lithuania).<ref name="It">{{cite web\|title=Jew's Harp, Listen and You Will Hear It: Valentinas & Viaceslavas at TEDxVilnius\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4SpWuseQGys\|website=YouTube\|publisher=Tedx\|access-date=28 July 2015}}</ref> It may have spread and been shared between countries through the ancient trade routes between [[Asia]] and [[Europe]], including the [[Silk route]]. There is a theory according to which the popular name ''Jew's harp'' is a corruption of the name ''jaw harp''. This theory is described by the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) as "baseless and inept". The OED says that, "More or less satisfactory reasons may be conjectured: e.g. that the instrument was actually made, sold, or imported to England by Jews, or purported to be so; or that it was attributed to them, as a good commercial name, suggesting the trumps and harps mentioned in the Bible."<ref>{{cite encyclopedia\|year=1989\|title=Jews' trump, Jew's-trump\|encyclopedia=Oxford English Dictionary\|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref>		The Morchang exists, in nearly the same form and design all over the world, and is called by different names (estimated to be around 900) in different languages. For example: Morchang / morsing (India), Kou-Xian ([[China]]), Vargan ([[Russia]]), Munnharpe ([[Norway]]), Zanboorak ([[Iran]]), Maultrommel (Germany), Guimbarde (France), Marranzano (Italy), Doromb (Hungary), Dambrelis (Lithuania) and Drymba (Ukraine).<ref name="It">{{cite web\|title=Jew's Harp, Listen and You Will Hear It: Valentinas & Viaceslavas at TEDxVilnius\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4SpWuseQGys \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/4SpWuseQGys \|archive-date=2021-12-13 \|url-status=live\|website=YouTube\|publisher=Tedx\|access-date=28 July 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> It may have spread and been shared between countries through the ancient trade routes between [[Asia]] and [[Europe]], including the [[Silk route]]. There is a theory according to which the popular name ''Jew's harp'' is a corruption of the name ''jaw harp''. This theory is described by the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) as "baseless and inept". The OED says that, "More or less satisfactory reasons may be conjectured: e.g. that the instrument was actually made, sold, or imported to England by Jews, or purported to be so; or that it was attributed to them, as a good commercial name, suggesting the trumps and harps mentioned in the Bible."<ref>{{cite encyclopedia\|year=1989\|title=Jews' trump, Jew's-trump\|encyclopedia=Oxford English Dictionary\|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref>

	~~It is also said that this instrument is prevalent since '''Ramayana Period''' where this instrument is referred as "'''Dhantha Vadhyam'''"~~		==Notable players==
			Players of the instrument are sometimes called ''Morsingists''. Current day players include Varun Zinje (Morchangwala), Sundar N, Minjur M Yagnaraman, Bejjanki V Ravi Kiran, Ortal Pelleg, Valentinas, Viaceslavas,<ref name="It"/> the [[Barmer Boys]], T S Nandakumar and a number of Rajasthani folk music players from the traditional entertainer tribe of Laggas.<ref>{{cite web\|last1=Pelleg\|first1=Ortal\|title={{sic\|nolink=y\|reason=error in source\|POWERFULL}} Mouth Harp(morchang) in 7 Beat\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2W4VcDS8AO4 \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/2W4VcDS8AO4 \|archive-date=2021-12-13 \|url-status=live\|website=YouTube\|publisher=Ortal Pelleg\|access-date=28 July 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Morsingists from earlier eras include [[Abraham Lincoln]],{{Dubious\|date=June 2013}} the Russian [[Tsar]] [[Peter the Great]] {{Dubious\|date=June 2013}} and Mannargudi Natesa Pillai, Hariharasharma (father of Vikku Vinayagaram), Pudukkottai Mahadevan, and Kalaimamani A S Krishnan from South India.{{cn\|date=September 2022}}
	==~~Morsingists~~==
	Players of the ~~Morchang / Jaw harp~~ are sometimes called ''Morsingists''. Current day players include Varun Zinje (Morchangwala), Sundar N ~~(Chennai)~~, ~~Wg Cdr~~ Minjur M Yagnaraman, ~~IAF (Coimbatore)~~, Ortal Pelleg, Valentinas, Viaceslavas,<ref name="It"/> the [[Barmer Boys]] ~~(Rais Bhungar and Mangu Khan)~~, [[T S Nandakumar]] and a number of Rajasthani folk music players from the traditional entertainer tribe of Laggas.<ref>{{cite web\|last1=Pelleg\|first1=Ortal\|title=POWERFULL Mouth Harp(morchang) in 7 Beat\|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2W4VcDS8AO4\|website=YouTube\|publisher=Ortal Pelleg\|access-date=28 July 2015}}</ref> Morsingists from earlier eras include [[Abraham Lincoln]] ~~and~~ the Russian [[Tsar]] [[Peter the Great]] and ~~Sri~~ Mannargudi Natesa Pillai, ~~Sri~~ Hariharasharma (father of ~~Sri~~ Vikku Vinayagaram),Pudukkottai Mahadevan from South India.

	==See also==		==See also==
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	==External links==		==External links==
	~~{{Commons category}}~~
	*[http://www.carnatica.net/sangeet/morsing.htm Morsing at Carnatica.net]		*[http://www.carnatica.net/sangeet/morsing.htm Morsing at Carnatica.net]
	*[http://www.mridangam.com/morsing.html Morsing at Mridangam.com]		*[http://www.mridangam.com/morsing.html Morsing at Mridangam.com]
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	[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]		[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]
	[[Category:Heteroglot guimbardes and jaw harps]]		[[Category:Heteroglot guimbardes and jaw harps]]
	[[Category:~~Percussion~~ instruments]]		[[Category:Asian percussion instruments]]

	[[ta:மோர்சிங்]]		[[ta:மோர்சிங்]]

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Instrument
|name=Morsing(Mukharshanku)
|names=
|image=Morsing2.jpg
|classification=[[hand percussion]]
|hornbostel_sachs=121.2
|range= struck using the other hand to produce sound.
|related=
}}
A '''morsing''' (also '''mukharshanku''', '''mourching''', '''morching''' or '''morchang'''; [[Telugu language|Telugu]]: మోర్సింగ్, [[Kannada]]: ಮೋರ್ಸಿಂಗ್, [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]]: मोरचंग, [[Tamil language|Tamil]]: நாமுழவு அல்லது முகச்சங்கு, [[Malayalam]]: മുഖർശംഖ്, [[English language|English]]: "[[Jew's harp|jaw harp]]") is an instrument similar to the [[Jew's harp]], mainly used in [[Rajasthan]], in the [[Carnatic music]] of [[South India]], and in [[Sindh]], Pakistan. It can be categorized under [[lamellophone]]s, which is in the category of plucked [[idiophone]]s. It consists of a metal ring in the shape of a [[horseshoe]] with two parallel forks which form the frame, and a metal tongue in the middle, between the forks, fixed to the ring at one end and free to vibrate at the other. The metal tongue is bent at the free end in a plane perpendicular to the circular ring so that it can be struck and is made to vibrate. This bent part is called the trigger.<ref>{{cite web|title=The morchang: an iron jews harp from Rajasthan|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcKN55h2KFM|website=YouTube|publisher=Asian Music Circuit|access-date=28 July 2015}}</ref>

[[File:Morsing1.jpg|thumb|Morsing (Jaw Harp)]]
An instrument with a history of 1500 years, its exact origin in [[India]] is not well documented. In the tradition of the Indian gurukul system of teaching, thus folk tales are a [[secondary source]] of its history. In India it is found mainly in [[South India]], [[Rajasthan]] and also in some parts of [[Assam]]. It is also sometimes used while playing [[Rabindrasangeet]] in [[Bengal]] and in Assamese folk songs. In South India, it features in Carnatic concerts and percussion ensembles. It is said to be the precursor to subsequent instruments such as the [[harmonica]] and the [[Pump organ|harmonium]].<ref name="Saving">{{cite web|title=Saving the jaw harp: Varun Zinje a.k.a. Morchangwala at TEDxEMWS|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yk6FKDn7Slw|website=Tedx|publisher=YouTube|access-date=28 July 2015}}</ref>

In [[Rajasthan]] it is called ''morchang'' and is used as a percussion instrument in ''lok geet'' (folk music). It was often used in [[Hindi cinema]] by music directors like [[R.D. Burman]] and [[S.D.Burman]], and has resurfaced in the twentieth century, with street performers like Varun Zinje playing it in a renewed style.<ref name="Saving"/>

==Playing technique==
[[File:Srirangam Kannan.jpg|thumb|Morsing by Srirangam Kannan]]
[[File:Morsingh.ogv|thumb|Morsing]]
The morsing is placed on the front teeth, with slightly pouted lips and held firmly in the hand. It is struck using the index finger of the other hand to produce sound. Movement of the player's [[tongue]] while making nasal sounds is used to change the pitch. This can be achieved when the syllable 'Nga' or a variant thereof, is sounded through the nose while air is pushed out or pulled in through the mouth. This aids the meditation process and thus some players use it as a form of practising [[pranayama]]. Others speak into the instruments while playing, thus giving it the effect of a light haunting echo.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

The morsing is firmly held in the hand, the frame or the ring between the palm and the fingers usually in the left hand. Care should be taken to see that the middle part or the metal tongue is not being touched when held idle. Then the upper of the two parallel forks is firmly pressed against the front upper teeth; the lower fork, against the front lower teeth with the lips helping to keep the contact, so that the metal tongue will not contact the teeth when it moves. The trigger is plucked with the tip of the index finger. Sound is produced due to the vibration of the metal tongue that is transferred through the teeth and sounds in mouth and nasal cavity. Movement of the player's tongue with constant plucking can produce very fast patterns of sound. By constricting the space in the mouth the nostrils can produce sounds in different phases, similar to [[phaser (effect)|phaser]]s in electronic music.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

While traditionally made of iron, variants can be made from brass, wood, bone, and even plastic and credit cards.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

==Tuning==
The basic pitch of the instrument can be varied very little. Significantly, the pitch of the instrument can only be reduced and not increased. To reduce the pitch a little, [[beeswax]] can be applied on the plucking end. To increase the pitch, it can be filed, although this may damage the instrument.

==Advanced playing and the art of accompaniment==
{{Carnatic}}
As the morsing is played most of the time along with the [[mridangam]] or [[dhol]], it is necessary to know the syllables or aural interpretation of what is played on mridangam. It is important to know the aural representation of the ferns (pattern of syllables played on percussion instruments) played on mridangam as it is being silently recited while playing the morsing. This vocal art of reciting the syllables played on the mridangam is called [[konnakol]]. But while playing on morsing you don't actually make sound of reciting the syllable but just move your tongue that way so that the air passages gets blocked and cleared in a pattern so as to produce the sound of the ferns. It is essential to follow the mridangam and play the same ferns as far as possible, though it is difficult owing to the limitations of the instrument.

Glimpses of uniqueness and versatility of the morsing can be shown when accompanying singly for the song or during [[neraval]] or [[swara prastara]] (stages of song rendition in Carnatic music). The morsing is played as a shadow of the mridangam throughout the concert and the instrument's capabilities should be exhibited when playing or accompanying alone or during Thani (percussion round in a concert) or [[talavadyas]] (percussion ensembles).

Though working on completely different principles, the music of the Morchang sounds similar to that emanating from the Australian [[didgeridoo]].

==Health impacts==
Prolonged playing may stain and wear down teeth, if a teeth guards of any sort aren't used. Night guards (to help wearing down of clenched teeth at night), retainers (for use after teeth straightening) and the like may help with this.
The vibrating instrument will also make small chips in the front teeth. The chips will become visible over time.

The musician's smile may become irregular over time, if the morsing isn't alternated between the two sides of the mouth, and the two hands. It should be very easy to learn to play the morsing with the other side. It's not known whether regular corrective smiling (in the mirror) may improve this.

Research is yet to be done on morsing and painful chronic jaw issues.

==Variants across the world==
The Morchang exists, in nearly the same form and design all over the world, and is called by different names (estimated to be around 900) in different languages. For example: Morchang / morsing (India), Kou-Xian ([[China]]), Vargan ([[Russia]]), Munnharpe ([[Norway]]), Zanboorak ([[Iran]]), Maultrommel (Germany), Guimbarde (France), Marranzano (Italy), Doromb (Hungary) and Dambrelis (Lithuania).<ref name="It">{{cite web|title=Jew's Harp, Listen and You Will Hear It: Valentinas & Viaceslavas at TEDxVilnius|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4SpWuseQGys|website=YouTube|publisher=Tedx|access-date=28 July 2015}}</ref> It may have spread and been shared between countries through the ancient trade routes between [[Asia]] and [[Europe]], including the [[Silk route]]. There is a theory according to which the popular name ''Jew's harp'' is a corruption of the name ''jaw harp''. This theory is described by the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) as "baseless and inept". The OED says that, "More or less satisfactory reasons may be conjectured: e.g. that the instrument was actually made, sold, or imported to England by Jews, or purported to be so; or that it was attributed to them, as a good commercial name, suggesting the trumps and harps mentioned in the Bible."<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|year=1989|title=Jews' trump, Jew's-trump|encyclopedia=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref>

It is also said that this instrument is prevalent since '''Ramayana Period''' where this instrument is referred as "'''Dhantha Vadhyam'''"

==Morsingists==
Players of the Morchang / Jaw harp are sometimes called ''Morsingists''. Current day players include Varun Zinje (Morchangwala), Sundar N (Chennai), Wg Cdr Minjur M Yagnaraman, IAF (Coimbatore), Ortal Pelleg, Valentinas, Viaceslavas,<ref name="It"/> the [[Barmer Boys]] (Rais Bhungar and Mangu Khan), [[T S Nandakumar]] and a number of Rajasthani folk music players from the traditional entertainer tribe of Laggas.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pelleg|first1=Ortal|title=POWERFULL Mouth Harp(morchang) in 7 Beat|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2W4VcDS8AO4|website=YouTube|publisher=Ortal Pelleg|access-date=28 July 2015}}</ref> Morsingists from earlier eras include [[Abraham Lincoln]] and the Russian [[Tsar]] [[Peter the Great]] and Sri Mannargudi Natesa Pillai, Sri Hariharasharma (father of Sri Vikku Vinayagaram),Pudukkottai Mahadevan from South India.

==See also==
{{Portal bar|India|Music}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.carnatica.net/sangeet/morsing.htm Morsing at Carnatica.net]
*[http://www.mridangam.com/morsing.html Morsing at Mridangam.com]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=606yeeuz1lY Morchang Music Video by Rajasthani Artist]
{{Indian musical instruments}}
{{Strings (music)}}
{{Plucked idiophones}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Carnatic music instruments]]
[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]
[[Category:Heteroglot guimbardes and jaw harps]]
[[Category:Percussion instruments]]

[[ta:மோர்சிங்]]