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further improve section after review and corrected details

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{{About|the locality/area|the port|Mormugao Port Trust}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mormugao
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Mormugao Harbour Aerial View.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Goa#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Goa, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15.40|N|73.80|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Goa government banner.png}} [[Goa]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Goa|District]]
| subdivision_name2= [[South Goa district|South Goa]]
| subdivision_type3= [[Tehsil|Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3= [[Mormugao taluka]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Municipality
| governing_body = Mormugao Municipal Council
| leader_title = chairperson
| leader_name = Nandadeep Raut
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 65.62
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = Mormugaokar
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Konkani language|Konkani]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 403601
| registration_plate =[[List of RTO districts in India#GA.E2.80.94Goa|GA]]-06
| website = {{URL|http://www.mmcvasco.com/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Mormugao''' is a seaport city situated in the eponymous [[Mormugao tehsil]] of the district of [[South Goa district|South Goa]], [[Goa]] state, India. It has a deep natural harbour and is [[Goa]]'s chief port.

In 1917, thirty-one settlements were carved out of the [[Salcete]] region to form [[Mormugao taluka|Mormugao ''taluka'']] (sub-district) with Mormugao seaport as its headquarters. The remaining thirty-five settlements were retained in the Salcete territory and encompass the present-day Salcete ''taluka'' with [[Margao]] as its headquarters.<ref name="mmg">
{{cite book
| last = Pinho
| first = Vasco
| date = 2007
| title = "Snapshots" of Indo-Portuguese history, Volume 1
| page = 122
}}
</ref>

==Geography==
Mormugao is located at {{Coord|15.25|N|73.98|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/33/Mormagao.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Mormugao]{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It has an average elevation of 2 metres (7 feet).

==Demographics and Healthcare==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Mormugao had a population of 97,085. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Mormugao has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 70%. In Mormugão, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Konkani being the state language, Marathi, Kannada, Hindi and English are also spoken.

The Directorate of health services Goa ( DHS) provides secondary level of healthcare to the people of mormugao and nearby places through the erstwhile [[Chicalim Cottage Hospital]] at Alto [[Chicalim]] now upgraded to the level of Sub District Hospital with 120 beds. The DHS also provides Primary Health Care to the taluka through PHC Casaulim, PHC Cortalim and UHC Vasco. A number of private nursing homes, clinics, panchkarma centers, gyms and physiotherapy centers can also be found in the subdistrict.

==History==
[[File:Harbour - Breakwater P5300141.JPG|thumb|Breakwater at Mormugao Harbour]]
[[File:Goa-Vasco 03-2016 08 view to Mormugao Harbour.jpg|thumb|Container ship in Mormugao Harbour]]
When the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[colonise]]d part of Goa in the sixteenth century, they based their operations in the central district of [[Tiswadi]], notably in the international emporium 'City of Goa', now [[Old Goa]]. As threats to their maritime supremacy increased, they built forts on various hillocks, especially along the coast. In 1624, they began to build their fortified town on the headland overlooking Mormugao harbour.

The sultans of [[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]], who had ruled Goa before the Portuguese, did not give up easily. There were several invasions. From the sea came the [[Netherlands|Dutch]], who eventually took over from the Portuguese most of the coastal settlements: the [[Moluccas]], [[Batticaloa]], [[Trincomali]], [[Galle]], [[Malacca]], [[Mannar Island|Manar]], [[Jaffna]], [[Quilon]], [[Cochin]] and [[Kannur|Cannanore]]. From 1640 to 1643, the Dutch tried their best to capture Mormugão but were finally driven away.

In 1683, the Portuguese in Goa were in grave danger from the [[Marathas]]. Almost certain defeat was averted when [[Sambhaji]] suddenly lifted siege and rushed to defend his own kingdom from the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Aurangzeb]]. The narrow escape, no less than the decline of the City of Goa, convinced the Portuguese viceroy, Dom [[Francisco de Távora]], that he should shift the capital of the Portuguese holdings in [[India]] to Mormugao's formidable fortress.

In 1685, the new city's principal edifices were under construction, with the Jesuit priest Father [[Teotónio Rebelo]] in charge. The [[Jesuit]] [[architect]]s made a consistent effort to avoid the ornate style of the time. The austere viceregal palace still stands, having been used, after its short stint as a palace, in various capacities, including as the hotel which housed the [[United Kingdom|British]] agents who in 1943 destroyed [[Germany|German]] ships anchored in Mormugao's neutral waters. Viceroys after Távora found Mormugao too secluded for their liking. The administrative headquarters were moved to the new city of [[Panjim]], which is till today Goa's chief city.

During [[World War II]], the harbour of Mormugao was the site of [[Operation Creek]], which resulted in the bombing of a German merchant ship, ''Ehrenfels,'' which had secretly been transmitting information to [[U-boat]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mpt-to-salvage-remnants-of-german-ships-wrecked-in-world-war-ii-4886485/|title=MPT to salvage remnants of German ships wrecked in World War II|date=2017-10-12|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-16}}</ref>

==Mormugao Port==
{{main|Mormugao Port Trust}}
Ever since it was accorded the status of a Major Port in 1963, the Mormugao port has contributed immensely to growth of maritime trade in India. It is the leading iron ore exporting port of India with an annual throughput of around 27.33 million tonnes of iron ore traffic.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mptgoa.com/# |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221101252/http://www.mptgoa.com/ |archive-date=21 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[INS Mormugao]] has been named after the port.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502092157if_/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/566564/navy-destroyer-named-goa-port.html|title = New Navy destroyer to be named after Goa port}}</ref>

==Transport links==
[[File:Iron Ore Train Goa 2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Train carrying Iron Ore to Marmagao Port]]
Epidemics devastated Mormugao during the eighteenth century, but after that its fortunes turned. As the importance of one of India's best natural harbours grew more apparent, Mormugao, which the British called Marmagoa, became a key trading point. It was chosen for the terminus of the new [[metre gauge]]<ref>https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/wp7713/vasco_vindaloo.htm&date=2009-10-26+00:18:43</ref> railway linking the Portuguese colony to British India. For a fabulous price, the [[Western India Portuguese Guaranteed Railways Company]], a British enterprise, modernised the port and built the railway. Both were opened to the public in July 1886.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theneutralview.com/reclaiming-vasco-da-gama-the-port-town/|title=RECLAIMING VASCO-DA-GAMA, THE PORT TOWN|date=2018-01-30|website=The Neutral View|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-12}}</ref>

Mormugao's city of [[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco da Gama]] was planned and built in the early years of the twentieth century. A colourful city of officials, traders and migrant labourers, it had its Portuguese academies and British club life for several decades. Now rather scarred, Mormugão district continues to be unique in Goa.

With [[Goa International Airport|Goa's airport]] at [[Dabolim]], the railway terminus at Vasco da Gama, and the busy port, Mormugao is many visitors’ first experience of Goa.

==Politics==

The area is part of the [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)]] (also known as [[Mormugao (Goa Assembly constituency)|Mormugão (Lok Sabha constituency)]] ). The Congress candidate [[Francisco Sardinha]] won the 2007 [[Lok Sabha]] bypoll elections, defeating his close rival Dr. Wilfred Mesquita of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] by a margin of over 40,000 votes.

In the 2014 General elections, Adv. [[Narendra Keshav Sawaikar]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] won by a margin of over 32,330 votes defeating the closest rival from Congress party.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS052.htm?ac=2# |title=Election Commission of India |access-date=2014-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523230842/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS052.htm?ac=2# |archive-date=2014-05-23 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the 2019 Lok sabha elections, the [[South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Goa Lok Sabha constituency]] was again won by [[Francisco Sardinha]] of [[Indian National Congress]] defeating [[Narendra Keshav Sawaikar]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], though [[Narendra Keshav Sawaikar|Sawaikar]] had managed to gain lead in all 4 lok sabha constituencies of Mormugao.

[[Mormugao (Goa Assembly constituency)|Mormugao]] taluka also elects 4 MLAs to the [[Goa Legislative Assembly|Goa State Assembly]]. The current MLAs are [[Alina Saldanha]] from [[Cortalim (Goa Assembly constituency)]], [[Carlos Almeida (politician)|Carlos Almeida]] from [[Vasco Da Gama (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]], [[Milind Naik (politician)|Milind Naik]] from [[Mormugao (Goa Assembly constituency)]] and [[Mauvin Godinho]] from [[Dabolim (Goa Assembly constituency)]] all from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].

==Climate==
{{Weather box
| location = Mormugao (1981–2010, extremes 1953–2012)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 36.1
| Feb record high C = 37.8
| Mar record high C = 37.7
| Apr record high C = 35.8
| May record high C = 38.4
| Jun record high C = 35.5
| Jul record high C = 32.7
| Aug record high C = 32.5
| Sep record high C = 33.2
| Oct record high C = 36.8
| Nov record high C = 36.7
| Dec record high C = 36.6
| year record high C = 38.4
| Jan high C = 31.8
| Feb high C = 31.3
| Mar high C = 31.9
| Apr high C = 32.8
| May high C = 33.2
| Jun high C = 30.7
| Jul high C = 29.2
| Aug high C = 28.9
| Sep high C = 29.9
| Oct high C = 31.6
| Nov high C = 33.1
| Dec high C = 32.7
| year high C = 31.4
| Jan low C = 21.9
| Feb low C = 22.3
| Mar low C = 24.2
| Apr low C = 26.2
| May low C = 27.1
| Jun low C = 25.2
| Jul low C = 24.5
| Aug low C = 24.2
| Sep low C = 24.3
| Oct low C = 24.6
| Nov low C = 23.8
| Dec low C = 22.5
| year low C = 24.2
| Jan record low C = 16.7
| Feb record low C = 17.2
| Mar record low C = 17.3
| Apr record low C = 20.6
| May record low C = 20.7
| Jun record low C = 17.0
| Jul record low C = 20.2
| Aug record low C = 19.3
| Sep record low C = 21.1
| Oct record low C = 18.3
| Nov record low C = 12.2
| Dec record low C = 17.2
| year record low C = 12.2
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 0.4
| Feb rain mm = 0.0
| Mar rain mm = 0.2
| Apr rain mm = 3.7
| May rain mm = 90.6
| Jun rain mm = 831.5
| Jul rain mm = 824.5
| Aug rain mm = 550.2
| Sep rain mm = 256.3
| Oct rain mm = 136.0
| Nov rain mm = 19.7
| Dec rain mm = 5.0
| year rain mm = 2718.1
| Jan rain days = 0.2
| Feb rain days = 0.0
| Mar rain days = 0.1
| Apr rain days = 0.4
| May rain days = 3.8
| Jun rain days = 20.6
| Jul rain days = 24.8
| Aug rain days = 23.2
| Sep rain days = 13.0
| Oct rain days = 6.2
| Nov rain days = 1.8
| Dec rain days = 0.4
| year rain days = 94.3
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 64
| Feb humidity = 67
| Mar humidity = 71
| Apr humidity = 71
| May humidity = 73
| Jun humidity = 84
| Jul humidity = 86
| Aug humidity = 87
| Sep humidity = 83
| Oct humidity = 78
| Nov humidity = 67
| Dec humidity = 63
|year humidity = 74
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Marmugao (Mormugao) Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 501–502
| access-date = 19 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M47
| access-date = 19 February 2020}}</ref>
}}

==Education==
Mormugao has many schools of repute which provides quality education to the residents in and around Vasco-da-Gama. Murgaon Education Society was established in 1971 with the noble goal of providing educational facilities at Vasco-da-Gama and in other parts of Murgaon Taluka. Mormugao Educational Society's College of Arts and Commerce locally known as [[MES College]] is a famous institution situated in Zuarinagar, which provides higher education in Arts and Commerce along with [[Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani – Goa Campus|Birla Institute of Science and Technology (BITS)]] that caters to university level of education in the fields of engineering and medicine.

==See also==
* [[Ports in India]]
* [[Mormugao Port Trust]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Mormugao| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in South Goa district]]
[[Category:Port cities in India]]

Mormugao - Revision history

Surojits999: further improve section after review and corrected details

imported>Citation bot: Alter: title. Add: title. Changed bare reference to CS1/2. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by BrownHairedGirl | Linked from User:BrownHairedGirl/Articles_with_bare_links | #UCB_webform_linked 2144/2191