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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Hatnote|This article is about the genus ''Moringa''. Moringa is also the common name of the species ''[[Moringa oleifera]]''.}}
{{distinguish|Morinda}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Moringa ovalifolia.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Moringa ovalifolia|M. ovalifolia]]'' in [[Namibia]]
| parent_authority = [[Ivan Martinov|Martinov]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/pdf | format= PDF |access-date=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free }}</ref>
| taxon = Moringa
| authority = [[Michel Adanson|Adans.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?7807 |title=Genus: ''Moringa'' Adans. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=1996-09-17 |access-date=2011-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924044422/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?7807 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| type_species = ''[[Moringa oleifera]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lam.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40022823 |title=''Moringa'' Adans. |work=TROPICOS |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |access-date=2009-12-30}}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms = ''Donaldsonia'' Baker f. 
''Hyperanthera'' Forssk.<ref name="GRIN"/>
}}

'''''Moringa''''', native to parts of Africa and Asia, is the [[monotypic taxon|sole]] [[genus]] in the [[flowering plant]] [[family (biology)|family]] '''Moringaceae'''. The name is derived from ''murungai'', the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] word for [[Drum stick|drumstick]], and the plant is commonly referred to as the drumstick tree.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/09/21/439509739/mother-knows-best-when-it-comes-to-cooking-with-moringa|title=My Mom Cooked Moringa Before It Was A Superfood|last=Singh|first=Maavi|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2019-02-14}}</ref> It contains 13 species from [[Tropics|tropical]] and [[Subtropics|subtropical]] climates that range in size from tiny [[Herbaceous plant|herbs]] to massive trees. ''Moringa'' species grow quickly in many types of environments.

The most widely cultivated species is ''[[Moringa oleifera]]'', native to the foothills of the [[Himalayas]] in northwestern [[India]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Olson|first=Mark|title=Moringaceae Martinov. Drumstick Tree Family|journal=Flora of North America|year=2010|volume=7|series=1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico.|pages=167–169|url=http://www.explorelifeonearth.org/people/Olson2010FNAMoringaceae.pdf}}</ref> a [[multipurpose tree]] [[Plant cultivation|cultivated]] throughout the tropics and marketed as a [[dietary supplement]], [[health food]] or [[Herbalism|source for herbalism practices]].<ref name="Janick">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cjHCoMQNkcgC |first=Jules |last=Janick |author2=Robert E. Paull |title=The Encyclopedia of Fruit & Nuts |publisher=CABI |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-85199-638-7 |pages=509–510}}</ref> The [[Moringa oleifera#Fruit pods|fruit pods]] of ''Moringa oleifera'' ("drumsticks") are consumed as food in many parts of the world, but particularly in South Asia. The [[Moringa oleifera#Leaves|leaves]] are commonly used to make tea. [[Moringa oleifera#Seed oils|Oils]] are made from the seeds, while powders can be made from the leaves and [[Moringa oleifera#Roots|roots]].

''[[Moringa stenopetala|M. stenopetala]]'', an [[Africa]]n species, is also widely grown, but to a much lesser extent than ''M. oleifera''.

==List of species==
* ''[[Moringa arborea]]'' [[Bernard Verdcourt|Verdc.]] (indigenous to [[Kenya]])<ref name="AAA2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Leone A, Spada A, Battezzati A, Schiraldi A, Aristil J, Bertoli S | title = Cultivation, Genetic, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of ''Moringa oleifera'' Leaves: An Overview | journal = International Journal of Molecular Sciences | volume = 16 | issue = 6 | pages = 12791–12835 | year = 2015 | doi = 10.3390/ijms160612791 | pmid=26057747 | pmc=4490473}}</ref>
* ''[[Moringa borziana]]'' [[Giovanni Ettore Mattei|Mattei]] (indigenous to [[Somalia]])<ref name="AAA2015" />
* ''{{ill|Moringa concanensis|sv}}'' Nimmo (indigenous to northern [[India]])<ref name="AAA2015" />
* ''[[Moringa drouhardii]]'' [[Henri Lucien Jumelle|Jum.]] – bottle tree (indigenous to southwestern [[Madagascar]])<ref name="AAA2015" />
* ''[[Moringa hildebrandtii]]'' [[Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler|Engl.]] – Hildebrandt's moringa (indigenous to southwestern Madagascar)<ref name="AAA2015" />
* ''[[Moringa longituba]]'' Engl. (indigenous to [[Ethiopia]] and Somalia)<ref name="AAA2015" />
* ''[[Moringa oleifera]]'' [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lam.]] (syn. ''M. pterygosperma'') – horseradish tree (indigenous to northwestern [[India]])<ref name="AAA2015" />
* ''[[Moringa ovalifolia]]'' [[Kurt Dinter|Dinter]] & [[Alwin Berger|Berger]] (indigenous to [[Namibia]] and [[Angola]])<ref name="AAA2015" />
* ''[[Moringa peregrina]]'' ([[Peter Forsskål|Forssk.]]) [[Adriano Fiori|Fiori]]<ref>{{cite thesis |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261638155|last=Dadamouny|first=M.A. (2009).|title=Population Ecology of ''Moringa peregrina'' growing in Southern Sinai, Egypt. |type=M.Sc. |access-date=2009-12-26|doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.5091.9760|year=2009}}</ref> indigenous to Arabian Peninsula [[Horn of Africa]] and in the Southern Sinai, [[Egypt]]<ref name="AAA2015" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dadamouny|first=Mohamed A.|last2=Unterseher|first2=Martin|last3=König|first3=Peter|last4=Schnittler|first4=Martin|date=December 2016|title=Population performance of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori (Moringaceae) at Sinai Peninsula, Egypt in the last decades: Consequences for its conservation|journal=Journal for Nature Conservation|language=en|volume=34|pages=65–74|doi=10.1016/j.jnc.2016.08.005}}</ref>
* ''[[Moringa pygmaea]]'' Verdc. (indigenous to Somalia)<ref name="AAA2015" />
* ''[[Moringa rivae]]'' [[Emilio Chiovenda|Chiov.]] (indigenous to Kenya and Ethiopia)<ref name="AAA2015" />
* ''[[Moringa ruspoliana]]'' Engl. (indigenous to Ethiopia)<ref name="AAA2015" />
* ''[[Moringa stenopetala]]'' ([[Edmund Gilbert Baker|Baker f.]]) [[Georg Cufodontis|Cufod.]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tropicos.org/NameSubordinateTaxa.aspx?nameid=40022823 |title=Subordinate Taxa of ''Moringa'' Adans. |work=TROPICOS |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden |access-date=2009-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261638276|last=Dadamouny| first=Mohamed A.|last2=Zaghloul|first2=Mohamed S.|last3=Ashraf|first3=Salman| year=2012|title=Impact of Improved Soil Properties on Establishment of ''Moringa peregrina'' seedlings and trial to decrease its Mortality Rate.|journal=Egyptian Journal of Botany|access-date=2012-07-03}}</ref> (indigenous to Kenya and Ethiopia)<ref name="AAA2015" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}
* [http://www.explorelifeonearth.org/moringahome.html Moringa Home Page], Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
* [http://www.moringaceae.org The International Moringa Germplasm Collection]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q310468}}

[[Category:Moringa| ]]
[[Category:Brassicales genera]]
[[Category:Edible plants]]

Moringa - Revision history

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