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	'''Manmohun Ghose''' ({{lang-bn\|মনমোহন ঘোষ}} ''Mônmohon Ghosh'') (also spelt Monomohun Ghosh, Manmohan Ghosh) (13 March 1844 – 16 October 1896) was the first practicing [[barrister]] of [[India]]n origin.<ref name="Bose395">{{cite book\| author = Subodhchandra Sengupta\| title = Sansad Bangali charitabhidhan\| year = 1998\| isbn = 978-81-85626-65-9\| page = 395 }}</ref><ref name = "Cotton">Cotton, H.E.A., ''Calcutta Old and New'', 1909/1980, pp. 639-40, General Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref> He is notable for his contributions towards the fields of women's education, for arousing the patriotic feeling of his countrymen and for being one of the earliest persons in the country in organised national politics.<ref name = "Sastri">[[Sivanath Sastri\|Sastri, Sivanath]], ''Ramtanu Lahiri O Tatkalin Banga Samaj'', 1903/2001, {{in lang\|bn}}, pp. 202-04, New Age Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref> At the same time his [[Anglicisation\|Anglicised]] habits often made him a target of ridicule in [[Kolkata\|Calcutta]].<ref name="Kopf1">{{cite book\| author = David Kopf\| title = The Brahmo Samaj and the Shaping of the Modern Indian Mind\| year = 1979\| publisher = Princeton University Press\| isbn = 978-0-691-03125-5\| pages = 96–97 }}</ref>		'''Manmohun Ghose''' ({{lang-bn\|মনমোহন ঘোষ}} ''Mônmohon Ghosh'') (also spelt Monomohun Ghosh, Manmohan Ghosh) (13 March 1844 – 16 October 1896) was the first practicing [[barrister]] of [[India]]n origin.<ref name="Bose395">{{cite book\| author = Subodhchandra Sengupta\| title = Sansad Bangali charitabhidhan\| year = 1998\| isbn = 978-81-85626-65-9\| page = 395 }}</ref><ref name = "Cotton">Cotton, H.E.A., ''Calcutta Old and New'', 1909/1980, pp. 639-40, General Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd. {{PD-notice}}</ref> He is notable for his contributions towards the fields of women's education, for arousing the patriotic feeling of his countrymen and for being one of the earliest persons in the country in organised national politics.<ref name = "Sastri">[[Sivanath Sastri\|Sastri, Sivanath]], ''Ramtanu Lahiri O Tatkalin Banga Samaj'', 1903/2001, {{in lang\|bn}}, pp. 202-04, New Age Publishers Pvt. Ltd. {{PD-notice}}</ref> At the same time his [[Anglicisation\|Anglicised]] habits often made him a target of ridicule in [[Kolkata\|Calcutta]].<ref name="Kopf1">{{cite book\| author = David Kopf\| title = The Brahmo Samaj and the Shaping of the Modern Indian Mind\| year = 1979\| publisher = Princeton University Press\| isbn = 978-0-691-03125-5\| pages = 96–97 }}</ref>

	==Formative years==		==Formative years==
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	[[Category:1844 births]]		[[Category:1844 births]]
	[[Category:1896 deaths]]		[[Category:1896 deaths]]
	~~[[Category:Bengali people]]~~
	[[Category:Bengali politicians]]		[[Category:Bengali politicians]]
	[[Category:Bengali lawyers]]		[[Category:Bengali lawyers]]

->Ebbedlila: short description

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short description

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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=~~December 2018~~}}		{{Short description\|Indian politician}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=~~December 2018~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2021}}
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	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Monomohun Ghose		\| name = Monomohun Ghose
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	\| caption =		\| caption =
	\| birth_date = {{birth-date\|13 March 1844}}		\| birth_date = {{birth-date\|13 March 1844}}
	\| birth_place = [[Boiragdhi ; Sirajdikhan;Munshiganj-Bikrampur ]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]		\| birth_place = Boiragdhi ; Sirajdikhan;Munshiganj-Bikrampur, [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
	\| death_date = {{death-date and age\|16 October 1896\|13 March 1844}}		\| death_date = {{death-date and age\|16 October 1896\|13 March 1844}}
	\| death_place = [[Krishnanagar, Nadia\|Krishnanagar]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]		\| death_place = [[Krishnanagar, Nadia\|Krishnanagar]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]

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Created page with "{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}} {{Infobox person | name = Monomohun Ghose | image = Monomohun Ghosh.jpg | image_si..."

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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Monomohun Ghose
| image = Monomohun Ghosh.jpg
| image_size = 220px
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth-date|13 March 1844}}
| birth_place = [[Boiragdhi ; Sirajdikhan;Munshiganj-Bikrampur ]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death-date and age|16 October 1896|13 March 1844}}
| death_place = [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| occupation = [[Barrister]], [[social reformer]], [[activist]]
| known_for = Co-founder of [[Indian National Congress]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| alma_mater = [[Presidency University, Kolkata]]
| relations = [[Lalmohan Ghosh]] (brother)
| spouse = Swarnalata Devi
}}

'''Manmohun Ghose''' ({{lang-bn|মনমোহন ঘোষ}} ''Mônmohon Ghosh'') (also spelt Monomohun Ghosh, Manmohan Ghosh) (13 March 1844 – 16 October 1896) was the first practicing [[barrister]] of [[India]]n origin.<ref name="Bose395">{{cite book| author = Subodhchandra Sengupta| title = Sansad Bangali charitabhidhan| year = 1998| isbn = 978-81-85626-65-9| page = 395 }}</ref><ref name = "Cotton">Cotton, H.E.A., ''Calcutta Old and New'', 1909/1980, pp. 639-40, General Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref> He is notable for his contributions towards the fields of women's education, for arousing the patriotic feeling of his countrymen and for being one of the earliest persons in the country in organised national politics.<ref name = "Sastri">[[Sivanath Sastri|Sastri, Sivanath]], ''Ramtanu Lahiri O Tatkalin Banga Samaj'', 1903/2001, {{in lang|bn}}, pp. 202-04, New Age Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</ref> At the same time his [[Anglicisation|Anglicised]] habits often made him a target of ridicule in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]].<ref name="Kopf1">{{cite book| author = David Kopf| title = The Brahmo Samaj and the Shaping of the Modern Indian Mind| year = 1979| publisher = Princeton University Press| isbn = 978-0-691-03125-5| pages = 96–97 }}</ref>

==Formative years==
He was the son of Ramlochan Ghose, of [[Bikrampur]] (now [[Munshiganj District|Munshiganj]] in Bangladesh). His father was a renowned sub-judge and a patriot, and had acquired his broad frame of mind from [[Ram Mohan Roy]], when he came in contact with him.<ref name = "Sastri"/>

As a child Ghose lived with his father in [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]] and passed the Entrance Examination (school leaving or university entrance) in 1859 from [[Krishnagar Government College]]. In 1858, he was married to Swarnalata, daughter of Shyma Charan Roy of Taki-Sripur in 24 Parganas.<ref name = "Sastri"/>

While he was still at school, the indigo movement was raging. He wrote an article against indigo merchants and sent it for publication in the ''Hindu Patriot'' but the same could not be published owing to the untimely death of its editor, [[Harish Chandra Mukherjee]]. He joined [[Presidency College, Calcutta|Presidency College]] in 1861 and while a student there, he developed a friendship with [[Keshub Chunder Sen]]. Together they started the ''Indian Mirror''.<ref name = "Sastri"/>

In 1862, he and [[Satyendranath Tagore]] were the first two Indians to sail to England to prepare for and appear in the [[Indian Civil Service]] examinations.<ref name = "Sastri"/> The competition was one of the stiffest, if not the stiffest, in the world at that time, but more so because any plan to cross the seas and travel to Europe was bound to meet with the strongest opposition from the Indian society.<ref>Dutt, R.C., ''Romesh Chunder Dutt'', 1968/1991, p. 12, Publications Division, Government of India.</ref> Preparations for the examination was tough, as they had to pick up many subjects not taught in India. Moreover, Ghose was subject to racial discrimination.<ref name = "Kopf1"/> The examination schedules and syllabus were altered. He sat for the examinations twice but failed to succeed. Satyendranath Tagore went through and became the first Indian to join the ICS.<ref name = "Sastri"/>

While in England, he extended support to the fellow Kolkata poet [[Michael Madhusudan Dutta]] who was going through difficult times in England.<ref name = "Bose395"/>

==Barrister and Anglicised Indian==
Monomohun Ghose was called to the bar from [[Lincoln's Inn]].<ref name = "Banglapaedia">{{cite book |last=Mohanta |first=Sambaru Chandra |year=2012 |chapter=Ghosh, Manmohan |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ghosh,_Manmohan |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> After being called to the English bar, Ghose returned to India in 1866. At that time his father died and he started practising as a barrister in [[Calcutta High Court]] in 1867.<ref name = "Sastri"/>

He was the first Indian barrister to practice in [[Calcutta High Court]]. [[Gnanendramohan Tagore]] was the first Indian to have been called to the bar in England in 1862 and Monomohun Ghose is disputed to be the second Indian to be called in 1866.

Gnanendramohan Tagore never practised in Calcutta High Court before departing permanently for England, and as such Ghose is considered the first practising Indian barrister.<ref name = "Bose395"/><ref name = "Cotton"/>

His talents were immediately recognised and within a short period he made his mark as a criminal lawyer.<ref name = "Sastri"/> In numerous cases he exposed the character of the British ruling elite and protected the subjects who were not guilty.<ref name = "Bose395"/>

On return from England, one of the first things he did was to put his wife in charge of the nuns at Loreto Convent, for her education. It was only after his wife had completed her education that he settled down to family life.<ref name = "Sastri"/>

While in England, Ghose yearned for the [[Bengali people|Bengali]] staple food, ''machher jhal and bhat'' (fish curry and rice), but back home he took on all the characteristics of an Anglicised Indian in defiance of opposition from the family and society. In later years, whenever the local press sought to criticize the denationalised Indian, Ghose invariably became the primary target of ridicule.<ref name = "Kopf1"/> In spite of the fact that he was close to the [[Tagore family]], who were leaders in upholding Indian culture and heritage while keeping their doors open to the world, and was a personal friend of Satyendranath Tagore, he was inclined towards westernisation. While Satyendranth Tagore's wife, Gyanadanandini Devi, struck to wearing the traditional Indian [[sari]], Ghose's wife, Swarnalata, took to wearing the [[gown]], in the style of English women.<ref name = "Bandopadhyay">Banerjee, Hiranmay, ''Thakurbarir Katha'', {{in lang|bn}}, p. 137, Sishu Sahitya Sansad.</ref>

==Contribution in the field of women's education==
Ghose will long be remembered for his contributions towards the improvement of the position of his countrymen, particularly in the field of women's education,<ref name = "Sastri"/> apart from donating his house for the building of [[Krishnagar Collegiate School]].
[[File:Krishnagar Collegiate School in Krishnagar 13.jpg|thumb|House of Ghosh, presently Krishnagar Collegiate School]]

He had befriended the [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]] reformer, [[Mary Carpenter]], during his stay in England, 1862–1866. When she visited Kolkata in 1869 with a definite scheme for promoting women's education, Ghose was among her most ardent supporters. he succeeded in setting up a normal school for training teachers under the Indian Reform Association led by Keshub Chunder Sen.<ref name = "Kopf2">Kopf, David, pp. 34-35</ref>

During his stay in England he had befriended another Unitarian, [[Annette Akroyd]]. On arrival at Kolkata with the objective of promoting women's education, in October 1872, she was a house guest of Ghose and his wife. While Swarnalata, Ghose's wife, impressed Annette Akroyd, she was "shocked" when she met Keshub Chunder Sen's "unemancipated Hindu wife."<ref name = "Kopf2"/>

He was associated with [[Hindu Mahila Vidyalaya]] and after Annette Akroyd was married, with the revival of the school as [[Banga Mahila Vidyalaya]].<ref name = "Kopf2"/> Finally, he played a leading role in the amalgamation of Banga Mahila Vidyalaya with [[Bethune College|Bethune School]].<ref>Bagal, Jogesh Chandra, ''History of the Bethune School and College (1849–1949) '' in ''Bethune College and School Centenary Volume'', edited by Dr. Kalidas Nag, 1949, pp. 33-35</ref> By the time Monomohun Ghose died the institution had already turned, under his secretaryship, into a centre of higher studies where girls could read up to the postgraduate level.<ref>Bagal, Jogesh Chandra, p. 53</ref>

==Politics==
When the Indian Association was established in 1876 he was one of the advisers. Numerous meetings with [[Surendranath Banerjee]], [[Ananda Mohan Bose]] and others attending were held in his house.<ref name = "Sastri"/> He was one of the founders of the [[Indian National Congress]] established in 1885 and was chairman of the reception committee of its session held at Kolkata in 1890. He fought hard for separation of the judiciary from the administration and wrote the book ''Administration of Justice in India''.<ref name = "Bose395"/> He fought the practice of child marriage and supported an 1891 bill requiring consent in marriage.<ref name = "Banglapaedia"/>

Right from 1869, he delivered speeches at various places arousing the patriotic feelings of his countrymen. In 1885, he went to England and lectured at various places enlightening people there about the state of affairs in his home country.<ref name = "Sastri"/>

Satyendranath Tagore's house on Park Street (after his retirement) was a meeting place for important people of the age in Kolkata. Ghose joined [[Taraknath Palit]], [[Satyendra Prasanno Sinha, 1st Baron Sinha|Satyendra Prasanno Sinha]], [[Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee|Umesh Bannerjee]], [[Krishna Govinda Gupta]], and [[Behari Lal Gupta]], as a regular visitor.<ref name = "Bandopadhyay"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Bengal Renaissance}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghose, Monomohun}}
[[Category:1844 births]]
[[Category:1896 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali politicians]]
[[Category:Bengali lawyers]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Presidency University, Kolkata alumni]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Brahmos]]
[[Category:Indian barristers]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Munshiganj District]]
[[Category:People from Kolkata]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Bikrampur]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Krishnagar Government College alumni]]

Monomohun Ghose - Revision history

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