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← Older revision		Revision as of 12:08, 3 May 2022
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	\| bn = মোক্ষ		\| bn = মোক্ষ
	\| bn-Latn = mokkho		\| bn-Latn = mokkho
			\| as = মোক্ষ
			\| as-Latn = mokkho
	\| gu = મોક્ષ		\| gu = મોક્ષ
	\| gu-Latn = mōkṣa		\| gu-Latn = mōkṣa
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	\| pa-Latn = mōkaśa		\| pa-Latn = mōkaśa
	\| or = ମୋକ୍ଷ		\| or = ମୋକ୍ଷ
	\| or-Latn = ~~mokhya~~		\| or-Latn = mokṣa
	\| ta = வீடுபேறு		\| ta = வீடுபேறு
	\| ta-Latn = vīdupēru		\| ta-Latn = vīdupēru
	\| te = మోక్షము		\| te = మోక్షము
	\| te-Latn = mokshamu		\| te-Latn = mokshamu
			\| mr = मोक्ष
			\| mr-Latn = moksh
	}}		}}
	{{Hinduism}}		{{Hinduism}}
	[[File:Siddha Shila.svg\|thumb\|250px\|A depiction of [[Nirvana\|liberated souls]] at ''moksha''.]]		[[File:Siddha Shila.svg\|thumb\|250px\|A depiction of [[Nirvana\|liberated souls]] at ''moksha''.]]
	'''''Moksha''''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|m\|əʊ\|k\|ʃ\|ə}}; {{lang-sa\|मोक्ष}}, ''{{IAST\|mokṣa}}~~''; [[Tamil language\|Tamil]]: ''vīdupēru~~''), also called '''''vimoksha''''', '''''vimukti''''' and '''''mukti''''',<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.sgilibrary.org/search_dict.php?id=2602 \|title=''The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism'', ''vimoksha'' \|access-date=17 February 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222011614/http://www.sgilibrary.org/search_dict.php?id=2602 \|archive-date=22 February 2014 \|url-status=dead \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> is a term in [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Jainism]] and [[Sikhism]] for various forms of emancipation, enlightenment, liberation, and release.<ref>John Bowker, The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN\|978-0192139658}}, p. 650</ref> It refers to freedom from ''[[dukkha~~]]'' and ''[[saṃsāra~~]]'', the cycle of death and [[Reincarnation\|rebirth]],{{sfn\|Sharma\|2000\|p=113}} by knowledge of the true self (''[[Ātman (Hinduism)\|Atman]]''-''[[jnana]]''),<ref>See:		'''''Moksha''''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|m\|əʊ\|k\|ʃ\|ə}}; {{lang-sa\|मोक्ष}}, ''{{IAST\|mokṣa}}''), also called '''''vimoksha''''', '''''vimukti''''' and '''''mukti''''',<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.sgilibrary.org/search_dict.php?id=2602 \|title=''The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism'', ''vimoksha'' \|access-date=17 February 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222011614/http://www.sgilibrary.org/search_dict.php?id=2602 \|archive-date=22 February 2014 \|url-status=dead \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> is a term in [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Jainism]] and [[Sikhism]] for various forms of emancipation, enlightenment, liberation, and release.<ref>John Bowker, The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN\|978-0192139658}}, p. 650</ref> It refers to freedom from ''[[dukkha]]'', the cycle of death and [[Reincarnation\|rebirth]] ''[[saṃsāra\|(saṃsāra]])'',{{sfn\|Sharma\|2000\|p=113}}<ref>{{Cite web \|title=moksha {{!}} Indian religion {{!}} Britannica \|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/moksha-Indian-religion \|access-date=2022-04-09 \|website=www.britannica.com \|language=en}}</ref> by knowledge of the true self (''[[Ātman (Hinduism)\|Atman]]''-''[[jnana]]''),<ref>See:
	* E. Deutsch, The self in Advaita Vedanta, in Roy Perrett (Editor), Indian philosophy: metaphysics, Volume 3, {{ISBN\|0-8153-3608-X}}, Taylor and Francis, pp 343-360;		* E. Deutsch, The self in Advaita Vedanta, in Roy Perrett (Editor), Indian philosophy: metaphysics, Volume 3, {{ISBN\|0-8153-3608-X}}, Taylor and Francis, pp 343-360;
	* T. Chatterjee (2003), Knowledge and Freedom in Indian Philosophy, {{ISBN\|978-0739106921}}, pp 89-102; Quote - "Moksa means freedom"; "Moksa is founded on atmajnana, which is the knowledge of the self.";		* T. Chatterjee (2003), Knowledge and Freedom in Indian Philosophy, {{ISBN\|978-0739106921}}, pp 89-102; Quote - "Moksa means freedom"; "Moksa is founded on atmajnana, which is the knowledge of the self.";
	* Jorge Ferrer, Transpersonal knowledge, in Transpersonal Knowing: Exploring the Horizon of Consciousness (editors: Hart et al.), {{ISBN\|978-0791446157}}, State University of New York Press, Chapter 11</ref> ~~c.q.~~ the lack of a permanent essence, and the release from craving and clinging to passions and the mundane mind.		* Jorge Ferrer, Transpersonal knowledge, in Transpersonal Knowing: Exploring the Horizon of Consciousness (editors: Hart et al.), {{ISBN\|978-0791446157}}, State University of New York Press, Chapter 11</ref> that is, the lack of a permanent essence and the release from craving and clinging to passions and the mundane mind.

	In Hindu traditions, ''moksha'' is a central concept<ref>John Tomer (2002), Human well-being: a new approach based on overall and ordinary functionings, Review of Social Economy, 60(1), pp 23-45; Quote - "The ultimate aim of Hindus is self-liberation or self-realization (moksha)."</ref> and the utmost aim of human life; the other three aims being ''[[dharma]]'' (virtuous, proper, moral life), ''[[artha]]'' (material prosperity, income security, means of life), and ''[[kama]]'' (pleasure, sensuality, emotional fulfillment).<ref>See:		In Hindu traditions, ''moksha'' is a central concept<ref>John Tomer (2002), Human well-being: a new approach based on overall and ordinary functionings, Review of Social Economy, 60(1), pp 23-45; Quote - "The ultimate aim of Hindus is self-liberation or self-realization (moksha)."</ref> and the utmost aim of human life; the other three aims being ''[[dharma]]'' (virtuous, proper, moral life), ''[[artha]]'' (material prosperity, income security, means of life), and ''[[kama]]'' (pleasure, sensuality, emotional fulfillment).<ref>See:
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	=== Eschatological sense ===		=== Eschatological sense ===

	''Moksha'' is a concept associated with ''saṃsāra'' (birth-rebirth cycle). ''Samsara'' originated with religious movements in the first millennium BCE.<ref group=web name="Brittanica"/> These movements such as Buddhism, Jainism and new schools within Hinduism, saw human life as bondage to a repeated process of rebirth. This bondage to repeated rebirth and life, each life subject to injury, disease and aging, was seen as a cycle of suffering. By release from this cycle, the [[suffering]] involved in this cycle also ended. This release was called ''moksha'', ''[[nirvana]]'', ''[[kaivalya]]'', ''mukti'' and other terms in various Indian religious traditions.<ref>R.C. Mishra, Moksha and the Hindu Worldview, Psychology & Developing Societies, Vol. 25, Issue 1, pp 23, 27</ref>		''Moksha'' is a concept associated with ''saṃsāra'' (birth-rebirth cycle). ''Samsara'' originated with religious movements in the first millennium BCE.<ref group=web name="Brittanica"/> These movements such as Buddhism, Jainism and new schools within Hinduism, saw human life as bondage to a repeated process of rebirth. This bondage to repeated rebirth and life, each life subject to injury, disease and aging, was seen as a cycle of suffering. By release from this cycle, the [[suffering]] involved in this cycle also ended. This release was called ''moksha'', ''[[nirvana]]'', ''[[kaivalya]]'', ''mukti'' and other terms in various Indian religious traditions.<ref>R.C. Mishra, Moksha and the Hindu Worldview, [[Psychology & Developing Societies]], Vol. 25, Issue 1, pp 23, 27</ref>

	[[Eschatology\|Eschatological]] ideas evolved in Hinduism.<ref>N. Ross Reat (1990), The Origins of Indian Psychology, {{ISBN\|0-89581-924-4}}, Asian Humanities Press, Chapter 2</ref> In earliest Vedic literature, heaven and hell sufficed [[soteriology\|soteriological]] curiosities. Over time, the ancient scholars observed that people vary in the quality of virtuous or sinful life they lead, and began questioning how differences in each person's ''[[Punya (Hinduism)\|puṇya]]'' (merit, good deeds) or ''pāp'' (demerit, sin) as human beings affected their afterlife.<ref>See:		[[Eschatology\|Eschatological]] ideas evolved in Hinduism.<ref>N. Ross Reat (1990), The Origins of Indian Psychology, {{ISBN\|0-89581-924-4}}, Asian Humanities Press, Chapter 2</ref> In earliest Vedic literature, heaven and hell sufficed [[soteriology\|soteriological]] curiosities. Over time, the ancient scholars observed that people vary in the quality of virtuous or sinful life they lead, and began questioning how differences in each person's ''[[Punya (Hinduism)\|puṇya]]'' (merit, good deeds) or ''pāp'' (demerit, sin) as human beings affected their afterlife.<ref>See:
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	\| image2 = SwansCygnus olor edit2.jpg		\| image2 = SwansCygnus olor edit2.jpg
	\| width2 = 229		\| width2 = 229
	\| image1 = ~~Saraswati Sarasvati Swan Sculpture.jpg~~		\| image1 =
	\| width1 = 94		\| width1 = 94
	}}		}}

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2022-01-21T09:00:47Z

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Moksha - Revision history

Pipingblog at 10:17, 26 March 2026

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