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			[[Category:National symbols of Pakistan]]

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[[File:Mohenjodaro Sindh.jpeg|thumb|Remains of Mohejo-daro|230px]]
[[File:CiviltàValleIndoMappa.png|thumb|200px|Map of the main Indus Civilization settlements]]
[[File:Dancing Girl of Mohenjo-daro.jpg|thumb|200px|"The Dancing girl" artifact found in Mohenjo-daro]]
[[File:Mohenjo-daro Priesterkönig.jpeg|thumb|200px|The bust of the king priest dating 2,500-1,500 BC excavated at the site of the ancient town of Mohenjo-daro.]]

'''Mohenjo-daro''' <ref>{{lang-ur|موئن جودڑو}}, {{lang-sd|موئن جو دڙو}}, [[English language|English]]: Mound of the Dead</ref> was one of the largest [[city]]-settlements of the [[Indus Valley Civilization]] of south [[Asia]].

It is in province of [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]. The city was built around 2600 [[BC]]. It was one of the early [[urban]] settlements in the world. Mohenjo-daro existed at the same time as the [[civilization|civilisations]] of ancient [[Egypt]], [[Mesopotamia]] and [[Ancient Greece|Greece]]. The [[Archaeology|archaeological ruins]] of the city are designated a [[UNESCO]] World Heritage Site. In Pakistan, it is one of the national icons of the distant past.<ref>Aitzaz Ahsan 1997. ''Indus saga and the making of Pakistan'' Karachi: Oxford University Press.</ref>

==Historical context==
Mohenjo-daro was built in the 26th century BC.<ref name="Ancientindia.co.uk">[http://www.ancientindia.co.uk/indus/explore/his03.html Ancientindia.co.uk.] Retrieved 2012-05-02.</ref> It was one of the largest cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization,<ref>{{cite book | last = Beck, Roger B. ''et al'' 1999 | title = World History: patterns of interaction | year = 1999 | publisher = McDougal Littell | location = Evanston, IL | isbn = 0-395-87274-X }}</ref> which developed around 3000 BC from the prehistoric Indus culture. At its height, the Indus Civilization spanned much of what is now Pakistan and North India, extending westwards to the [[Iran]]ian border, south to [[Gujarat]] in India and northwards to an outpost in [[Bactria]]. There were major urban centers at [[Harappa]], Mohenjo-daro, [[Lothal]], [[Kalibangan]], Dholavira and Rakhigarhi.

Mohenjo-daro was the most advanced city of its time, with remarkably sophisticated [[civil engineering]] and urban [[planning]].<ref>Dani A.H. 1992. Critical assessment of recent evidence on Mohenjo-daro. ''Second International Symposium on Mohenjo-daro'', 24–27 February 1992.</ref> When the Indus civilization went into sudden decline around 1900 BC, Mohenjo-daro was abandoned.<ref name="Ancientindia.co.uk"/><ref>Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark 1998. Indus cities, towns and villages. ''Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization''. Islamabad: American Institute of Pakistan Studies. p.65</ref>

== Artifacts ==
The Dancing girl found in Mohenjo-daro is an artifact that is some 4500 years old. The 10.8 cm long bronze statue of the dancing girl was found in 1926 from a house in Mohenjo-daro. She was British archaeologist Mortimer Wheeler's favorite statuette, as he said in this quote from a 1973 television program:

:"There is her... pouting lips and insolent look in the eyes. She's about fifteen years old I should think, not more, but she stands there with bangles all the way up her arm and nothing else on. A girl perfectly, for the moment, perfectly confident of herself and the world. There's nothing like her, I think, in the world".

John Marshall, one of the excavators at Mohenjo-daro, described her as a vivid impression of the young ... ''girl, her hand on her hip in a half-impudent posture, and legs slightly forward as she beats time to the music with her legs and feet.''<ref>{{cite book|last=Possehl|first=Gregory|title=The Indus Civilization: a contemporary perspective|publisher=AltaMira Press|year=2002|pages=113|isbn=978-0759101722}}</ref>

A seated male [[sculpture]] is the so-called "Priest King" (even though there is no evidence that either [[priests]] or [[Monarch|kings]] ruled the city). Archaeologists discovered the sculpture in Lower town at Mohenjo-daro in 1927. It was found in an unusual house with ornamental brickwork and a wall niche and was lying between brick foundation walls which once held up a floor.

This bearded sculpture wears a fillet around the head, an armband, and a cloak decorated with trefoil patterns that were originally filled with red pigment.

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

[[File:Ghanghro location - Mohenjo-daro.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Surviving structures at Mohenjo-daro.]]

{{WHSite}}

[[Category:Archaeological sites in Pakistan]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani culture]]

Mohenjo-daro - Revision history

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