Mohan Lal Kashmiri - Revision history

->WatkynBassett: Undid revision 1048846295 by Ubermenich (talk) no c

2021-10-08T20:32:08Z

Undid revision 1048846295 by Ubermenich (talk) no c

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:02, 9 October 2021
Line 43:		Line 43:

	== Later life ==		== Later life ==
	After the war, Mohan Lal travelled to Europe: In 1844 he sailed from Bombay via Egypt to Britain.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Fisher\|first=Michael Herbert\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPHqigUD6FUC\|title=Counterflows to Colonialism: Indian Travellers and Settlers in Britain (1600-1857)\|publisher=permanent black\|year=2006\|isbn=9788178241548\|location=Delhi\|pages=359\|oclc=301709915}}</ref> During his time in Europe he met [[Queen Victoria]], [[Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale\|Prince Albert]] and [[Frederick William IV of Prussia]], the ~~later~~ gifting Mohan Lal an inscribed ivory carving of himself.<ref>{{cite news\|last=Swami\|first=Praveen\|date=May 10, 2019\|title=India's greatest spies: Unknown, uncelebrated, unacknowledged\|work=Firstpost.\|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/indias-greatest-spies-unknown-uncelebrated-unacknowledged-6608781.html\|url-status=live\|access-date=September 23, 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122124019/https://www.firstpost.com/india/indias-greatest-spies-unknown-uncelebrated-unacknowledged-6608781.html\|archive-date=22 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Mohan\|first=Lal\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_wEMG32rUcC&pg=PA526\|title=Travels in the Panjab, Afghanistan, & Turkistan, to Balk, Bokhara, and Herat; and a visit to Great Britain and Germany\|publisher=Wm. H. Allen & Co.\|year=1846\|location=Calcutta\|pages=526}}</ref>		After the war, Mohan Lal travelled to Europe: In 1844 he sailed from Bombay via Egypt to Britain.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Fisher\|first=Michael Herbert\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPHqigUD6FUC\|title=Counterflows to Colonialism: Indian Travellers and Settlers in Britain (1600-1857)\|publisher=permanent black\|year=2006\|isbn=9788178241548\|location=Delhi\|pages=359\|oclc=301709915}}</ref> During his time in Europe he met [[Queen Victoria]], [[Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale\|Prince Albert]] and [[Frederick William IV of Prussia]], the latter gifting Mohan Lal an inscribed ivory carving of himself.<ref>{{cite news\|last=Swami\|first=Praveen\|date=May 10, 2019\|title=India's greatest spies: Unknown, uncelebrated, unacknowledged\|work=Firstpost.\|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/indias-greatest-spies-unknown-uncelebrated-unacknowledged-6608781.html\|url-status=live\|access-date=September 23, 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122124019/https://www.firstpost.com/india/indias-greatest-spies-unknown-uncelebrated-unacknowledged-6608781.html\|archive-date=22 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Mohan\|first=Lal\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_wEMG32rUcC&pg=PA526\|title=Travels in the Panjab, Afghanistan, & Turkistan, to Balk, Bokhara, and Herat; and a visit to Great Britain and Germany\|publisher=Wm. H. Allen & Co.\|year=1846\|location=Calcutta\|pages=526}}</ref>

	During his travels in Europe, Mohan Lal was photographed in 1844 by [[Robert Adamson (photographer)\|Robert Adamson]] and [[David Octavius Hill]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Mohun Lal, aged 28 in 1844\|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalgalleries/3102122197\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125055453/http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalgalleries/3102122197/\|archive-date=25 January 2014\|access-date=13 July 2020\|website=Flickr}}</ref> Today his photo is contained in the [[Scottish National Portrait Gallery]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Portrait of Mohun Lal, Edinburgh October 1844\|url=https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/66830/portrait-mohun-lal-edinburgh-october-1844\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712222506/https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/66830/portrait-mohun-lal-edinburgh-october-1844\|archive-date=12 July 2020\|access-date=13 July 2020\|website=National Galleries of Scotland}}</ref> While in Scotland, Mohan Lal was also portraited by the famous Scottish painter [[William Allan (painter)\|William Allan]]. The painting was exhibited by the [[Royal Scottish Academy]] in 1845 under the title "Mirza Mohun Lal, Persian secretary to the British Mission at Cabool, and who had previously accompanied Sir Alexander Burnes on his journey to Bokhara".<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Rinder\|first=Frank\|url=https://archive.org/details/royalscottishaca00royarich/page/14\|title=The Royal Scottish Academy 1826–1916\|publisher=Jame Maclehose and Sons\|year=1917\|location=Glascow\|pages=14}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal\|last=Bivar\|first=Adrian David Hugh\|author-link=Adrian David Hugh Bivar\|date=1994\|title=The Portraits and Career of Mohammed Ali, Son of Kazem-Beg: Scottish Missionaries and Russian Orientalism\|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies\|volume=57\|issue=2\|pages=283–302\|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00024861\|jstor=620574}}</ref> The current location of the painting, which was sold on 18 April 1850, is unknown.<ref name=":0" /> In 1846 he attended the burial of [[Dwarkanath Tagore]] in London.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Fisher\|first=Michael Herbert\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPHqigUD6FUC\|title=Counterflows to Colonialism: Indian Travellers and Settlers in Britain (1600-1857)\|publisher=permanent black\|year=2006\|isbn=9788178241548\|location=Delhi\|pages=360\|oclc=301709915}}</ref>		During his travels in Europe, Mohan Lal was photographed in 1844 by [[Robert Adamson (photographer)\|Robert Adamson]] and [[David Octavius Hill]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Mohun Lal, aged 28 in 1844\|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalgalleries/3102122197\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125055453/http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalgalleries/3102122197/\|archive-date=25 January 2014\|access-date=13 July 2020\|website=Flickr}}</ref> Today his photo is contained in the [[Scottish National Portrait Gallery]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Portrait of Mohun Lal, Edinburgh October 1844\|url=https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/66830/portrait-mohun-lal-edinburgh-october-1844\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712222506/https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/66830/portrait-mohun-lal-edinburgh-october-1844\|archive-date=12 July 2020\|access-date=13 July 2020\|website=National Galleries of Scotland}}</ref> While in Scotland, Mohan Lal was also portraited by the famous Scottish painter [[William Allan (painter)\|William Allan]]. The painting was exhibited by the [[Royal Scottish Academy]] in 1845 under the title "Mirza Mohun Lal, Persian secretary to the British Mission at Cabool, and who had previously accompanied Sir Alexander Burnes on his journey to Bokhara".<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Rinder\|first=Frank\|url=https://archive.org/details/royalscottishaca00royarich/page/14\|title=The Royal Scottish Academy 1826–1916\|publisher=Jame Maclehose and Sons\|year=1917\|location=Glascow\|pages=14}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal\|last=Bivar\|first=Adrian David Hugh\|author-link=Adrian David Hugh Bivar\|date=1994\|title=The Portraits and Career of Mohammed Ali, Son of Kazem-Beg: Scottish Missionaries and Russian Orientalism\|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies\|volume=57\|issue=2\|pages=283–302\|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00024861\|jstor=620574}}</ref> The current location of the painting, which was sold on 18 April 1850, is unknown.<ref name=":0" /> In 1846 he attended the burial of [[Dwarkanath Tagore]] in London.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Fisher\|first=Michael Herbert\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPHqigUD6FUC\|title=Counterflows to Colonialism: Indian Travellers and Settlers in Britain (1600-1857)\|publisher=permanent black\|year=2006\|isbn=9788178241548\|location=Delhi\|pages=360\|oclc=301709915}}</ref>

imported>MerielGJones: Importing Wikidata short description: "Indian diplomat (1812–1877)" (Shortdesc helper)

2021-08-29T19:15:38Z

Importing Wikidata short description: "Indian diplomat (1812–1877)" (Shortdesc helper)

New page

{{Short description|Indian diplomat (1812–1877)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{more footnotes|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mohan Lal Kashmiri
| honorific_suffix = [[Order of the Lion and the Sun|KLS]]
| image = Mohun Lal, aged 28 in 1844.jpg
| other_names = Ram Nath
| birth_date = 1812
| caption = Photo of Mohan Lal in 1844 by [[Robert Adamson (photographer)|Robert Adamson]] and [[David Octavius Hill]]
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1877
| death_place = [[Dehli]], [[British Raj]]
| occupation = Persian secretary (munshi), traveller and author
| notable_works = Life of the Amir Dost Mohammed Khan
| spouse = Hyderi Begum
| parents =
| children =
}}

'''Mohan Lal Zutshi''' [[Order of the Lion and the Sun|KLS]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Johnstone|first=Christian Isobel|date=1846|title=Travels of Mohan Lal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_c_AAAAYAAJ|journal=[[Tait's Edinburgh Magazine]]|volume=13|pages=308}}</ref> (popularly known as '''Mohan Lal Kashmiri'''; 1812 – 1877) was an Indian traveler, diplomat, and author. He played a central role in the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]] of 1838–1842. His biography of [[Dost Mohammad Khan]], the [[Emirate of Afghanistan|Emir of Afghanistan]] in [[Kabul]], is a primary source on the war.

Mohan Lal's wife, Hyderi Begum, was a Muslim scholar. During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], she maintained a diary of events in Delhi. The British government later seized and confiscated it.

== Early Life and Family ==
Mohan Lal (also called Ram Nath)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fisher|first=Michael Herbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPHqigUD6FUC|title=Counterflows to Colonialism: Indian Travellers and Settlers in Britain (1600-1857)|publisher=permanent black|year=2006|isbn=9788178241548|location=Delhi|pages=353|oclc=301709915}}</ref> was from a family of [[Kashmiri Pandits]]. His great grandfather, Pandit Mani Ram, had a high rank at the Mughal Court in the reign of [[Shah Alam II]]. His father, Rai Brahm Nath, also known as Rae Budh Singh, worked for a time for [[Mountstuart Elphinstone]] on a diplomatic mission to Peshawar (1808–1809).<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Fisher|first=Michael Herbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPHqigUD6FUC|title=Counterflows to Colonialism: Indian Travellers and Settlers in Britain (1600-1857)|publisher=permanent black|year=2006|isbn=9788178241548|location=Delhi|pages=352–353|oclc=301709915}}</ref> Mohan Lal studied at the [[Zakir Husain Delhi College|Delhi College]], one of the first Indian students to be educated in the English curriculum there.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dalrymple |first=William |author-link=William Dalrymple (historian) |date=2014 |title=Return of a King: The Battle for Afghanistan |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return_of_a_King}}</ref>

His only brother, Kedar Nath Zutshi, was a Deputy Collector in [[Ambala]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Panjab Province]], and died in 1855.

== Travels with Burnes ==
In 1831 Lieutenant (later Captain) Sir [[Alexander Burnes]] of the [[East India Company|East India Company's]] service was deputed by the British Government to gather information in the countries lying between India and the Caspian. He was directed to appear as a private individual with a small retinue maintaining a character of poverty. Mohan Lal was engaged by Burnes primarily to assist him in his Persian correspondence and also because Burnes believed that his youth and creed would free him from all danger of his entering into intrigues with the people among whom he was going to travel.<ref>{{cite book|last=Burnes|first=Alexander|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/burnes1835bd1/0015|title=Travels Into Bokhara|publisher=John Murray|year=1835|isbn=|location=London|page=ix (Preface to the First Edition)|author-link=Alexander Burnes}}</ref> Mohan Lal's official title was ''[[munshi]]'', but Mohan Lal preferred the title "Persian secretary".<ref name=":1" />

Alexander Burnes and Mohan Lal led an expedition to Central Asia in 1832–1834 for procuring political and military intelligence and became firm friends.

== First Anglo-Afghan War ==
[[File:Mohan-Lal.png|thumb|Etching of Mohan Lal by T. Peiken (1846)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fisher|first=Michael Herbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPHqigUD6FUC|title=Counterflows to Colonialism: Indian Travellers and Settlers in Britain (1600-1857)|publisher=permanent black|year=2006|isbn=9788178241548|location=Delhi|pages=361|oclc=301709915}}</ref>]]
Later, Mohan Lal was the [[Consul (representative)|Commercial Agent]] for the British on the Indus and Political Assistant to Burnes in [[Kabul]] during the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]]. Unlike Burnes, he survived the massacres of 1841 and continued to keep Calcutta informed of events in the Afghan capital from the house of a merchant where he had taken refuge. His reports contained many strong and cogent criticisms of the behaviour of British Officers, and particularly Sir [[William Hay Macnaghten]] and General [[William George Keith Elphinstone|William Elphinstone]].

Mohan Lal had learned [[Persian language|Persian]] in [[Delhi]] and travelled in the garb of a [[Muslim]], under the pseudonym of "Aga Hasan Jan"<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fisher|first=Michael Herbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPHqigUD6FUC|title=Counterflows to Colonialism: Indian Travellers and Settlers in Britain (1600-1857)|publisher=permanent black|year=2006|isbn=9788178241548|location=Delhi|pages=356|oclc=301709915}}</ref> or as "Mirza Quli Kashmiri" in [[Qajar dynasty|Persia]] and [[Emirate of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] collecting information vital for his British superiors.

During the First Anglo-Afghan War, he was instrumental in setting up and expanding the British intelligence network in Afghanistan and is also alleged to have had a major hand in arranging the assassination, by poisoning, of [[Mir Masjidi Khan]], a major Afghan resistance leader.<ref>Lady [[Florentia Sale]], ''Journal of the Disasters in Afghanistan, 1841-42'', 1843, p.141</ref> He found out and handed over to the British authorities secret letters written by the rulers of [[Kandahar]] to [[Mehrab II of Kalat|Mehrab Khan]], the ruler of [[Balochistan|Kalat]], exhorting him not to allow passage to the invading British army. He managed to obtain the services of very important functionaries like Mohammed Tahir, Haji Khan Kakari, Abdul Majeed Khan, Akhundzada Ghulam and Mullah Nasooh in Kandahar and Sardar Abdul Rashid Khan, a nephew of the Emir Sardar [[Dost Mohammad Khan]] in [[Ghazni]]. He played a major role in securing the release of British prisoners held hostage in [[Bamiyan]]. He tried to bring peace between the British and the Afghans during such inflammatory situations.

== Later life ==
After the war, Mohan Lal travelled to Europe: In 1844 he sailed from Bombay via Egypt to Britain.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fisher|first=Michael Herbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPHqigUD6FUC|title=Counterflows to Colonialism: Indian Travellers and Settlers in Britain (1600-1857)|publisher=permanent black|year=2006|isbn=9788178241548|location=Delhi|pages=359|oclc=301709915}}</ref> During his time in Europe he met [[Queen Victoria]], [[Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale|Prince Albert]] and [[Frederick William IV of Prussia]], the later gifting Mohan Lal an inscribed ivory carving of himself.<ref>{{cite news|last=Swami|first=Praveen|date=May 10, 2019|title=India's greatest spies: Unknown, uncelebrated, unacknowledged|work=Firstpost.|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/indias-greatest-spies-unknown-uncelebrated-unacknowledged-6608781.html|url-status=live|access-date=September 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122124019/https://www.firstpost.com/india/indias-greatest-spies-unknown-uncelebrated-unacknowledged-6608781.html|archive-date=22 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Mohan|first=Lal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_wEMG32rUcC&pg=PA526|title=Travels in the Panjab, Afghanistan, & Turkistan, to Balk, Bokhara, and Herat; and a visit to Great Britain and Germany|publisher=Wm. H. Allen & Co.|year=1846|location=Calcutta|pages=526}}</ref>

During his travels in Europe, Mohan Lal was photographed in 1844 by [[Robert Adamson (photographer)|Robert Adamson]] and [[David Octavius Hill]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mohun Lal, aged 28 in 1844|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalgalleries/3102122197|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125055453/http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalgalleries/3102122197/|archive-date=25 January 2014|access-date=13 July 2020|website=Flickr}}</ref> Today his photo is contained in the [[Scottish National Portrait Gallery]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Portrait of Mohun Lal, Edinburgh October 1844|url=https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/66830/portrait-mohun-lal-edinburgh-october-1844|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712222506/https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/66830/portrait-mohun-lal-edinburgh-october-1844|archive-date=12 July 2020|access-date=13 July 2020|website=National Galleries of Scotland}}</ref> While in Scotland, Mohan Lal was also portraited by the famous Scottish painter [[William Allan (painter)|William Allan]]. The painting was exhibited by the [[Royal Scottish Academy]] in 1845 under the title "Mirza Mohun Lal, Persian secretary to the British Mission at Cabool, and who had previously accompanied Sir Alexander Burnes on his journey to Bokhara".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rinder|first=Frank|url=https://archive.org/details/royalscottishaca00royarich/page/14|title=The Royal Scottish Academy 1826–1916|publisher=Jame Maclehose and Sons|year=1917|location=Glascow|pages=14}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Bivar|first=Adrian David Hugh|author-link=Adrian David Hugh Bivar|date=1994|title=The Portraits and Career of Mohammed Ali, Son of Kazem-Beg: Scottish Missionaries and Russian Orientalism|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies|volume=57|issue=2|pages=283–302|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00024861|jstor=620574}}</ref> The current location of the painting, which was sold on 18 April 1850, is unknown.<ref name=":0" /> In 1846 he attended the burial of [[Dwarkanath Tagore]] in London.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fisher|first=Michael Herbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPHqigUD6FUC|title=Counterflows to Colonialism: Indian Travellers and Settlers in Britain (1600-1857)|publisher=permanent black|year=2006|isbn=9788178241548|location=Delhi|pages=360|oclc=301709915}}</ref>

Mohan Lal retired at the age of 32, disappointed that he had not been properly rewarded for his contributions to the British cause in the First Anglo-Afghan War. His later years were spent in obscurity and financial troubles. His marriage to Hyderi Begum is said to have taken place in 1857.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gupta|first=Hari Ram|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5893/page/n343/mode/2up|title=Life and Work of Mohan Lal Kashmiri|date=1943|publisher=Minerva Book Shop|location=Lahore|pages=330|author-link=Hari Ram Gupta}}</ref> His wife was portraited by [[Paul Fischer (painter)|Paul Fischer]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=J. George Paul Fischer (1786-1875). Lot 38. Portrait of Hyderi Begum.|url=https://www.pba-auctions.com/en/lot/21054/4483223|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122122156/https://www.pba-auctions.com/en/lot/21054/4483223|archive-date=22 November 2020|access-date=22 November 2020|website=Pierre Bergé & Associé}}</ref>

Mohan Lal died in Delhi in 1877 in obscurity. According to his biographer [[Hari Ram Gupta]], Mohan Lal is reported to have written an extensive diary until his death, but by 1943 its location was no longer known.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gupta|first=Hari Ram|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5893/page/n9/mode/2up|title=Life and Work of Mohan Lal Kashmiri|date=1943|publisher=Minerva Book Shop|location=Lahore|pages=XI-XII|author-link=Hari Ram Gupta}}</ref>

== Publications ==
* {{Cite book|last=Lal|first=Mohen|title=Journal of a tour through the Punjab, Afghanistan, Turkistan, Khorasan and part of Persia in company with Lt Burnes, and Dr Gerard|year=1834|location=Calcutta}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Lal|first=Mohan|date=1834|title=A Brief Description of Herat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAHgAAAAMAAJ|journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal|volume=3|pages=9–18}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Lal|first=Mohan|date=1834|title=Further Information regarfing the Siah Posh Tribe, or reputed descendants of the Macedonians|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAHgAAAAMAAJ|journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal|volume=3|pages=76–79}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Lal|first=Mohan|date=1838|title=Accout of Kálá Bágh on the right bank of the Indus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PK8IAAAAQAAJ|journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal|volume=7|pages=25–27}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Lal|first=Mohan|date=1838|title=A brief accout of the Origin of the Dáúd Putras, and of the power and birth of Baháwal Kha´n their Chief, on the bank of the Ghara and Indus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PK8IAAAAQAAJ|journal=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal|volume=7|pages=27–33}}
* {{Cite book|last=Mohan|first=Lal|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NUhxU7Amx5UC&pg=RA2-PA36|title=Reports and Papers, Political, Geographical, & Commercial Submitted to Government|publisher=Huttmann|year=1839|location=Calcutta|pages=36–38|chapter=On the trade of Khairpoor in Sinde}}
* {{Cite book|last=Lal|first=Mohen|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsinpanjab00llgoog|title=Travels in the Panjab, Afghanistan, & Turkistan, to Balk, Bokhara, and Herat; and a visit to Great Britain and Germany|publisher=Wm. H. Allen & Co.|year=1846|location=Calcutta}} Reprinted (1979): Lahore: Al Biruni, 1979
* {{Cite book|last=Lal|first=Mohen|url=https://www.wdl.org/en/item/17705/view/1/1/|title=Life of the Amir Dost Mohammed Khan, of Kabul: with his political proceedings towards the English, Russian, and Persian governments, including victory and disasters of the British Army in Afghanistan|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans|year=1846|location=London}}

== Honours ==
* Knight of the [[Order of the Lion and the Sun]] (1833).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=Hari Ram|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54064/page/n67/mode/2up|title=Life and Work of Mohan Lal Kashmiri|publisher=Minerva Book Shop|year=1943|location=Lahore|pages=47}}</ref>
* [[Order of the Durrani Empire]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gupta|first=Hari Ram|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54064/page/n11/mode/2up|title=Life and Work of Mohan Lal Kashmiri|publisher=Minerva Book Shop|year=1943|location=Lahore|pages=IX}}</ref>

== Further reading ==
*{{Cite book|last=Burnes|first=Alexander|url=https://archive.org/details/travelsintobokha01burnuoft|title=Travels into Bokhara. Being an account of a Journey from India to Cabool, Tartary and Persia. Also, narrative of a Voyage on the Indus from the Sea to Lahore|publisher=John Murrary|year=1834|isbn=|edition=1|volume=I|location=London|pages=|author-link=Alexander Burnes}}
*{{Cite book|last=Buckland|first=Charles Edward|title=Dictionary Of Indian Biography|publisher=Swan Sonnenschein & Co.|year=1906|location=London|chapter=Mohan Lal|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.501620/page/n305/mode/2up}}
*{{Cite book|last=Fisher|first=Michael Herbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPHqigUD6FUC|title=Counterflows to Colonialism: Indian Travellers and Settlers in Britain (1699-1857)|publisher=permanent black|year=2006|isbn=9788178241548|location=Dehli|pages=351–366|chapter=North Indian Munshis and Persian Secretaries}}
*{{Cite book|last=Ghobar|first=Mir Ghulam Muhamma|title=Afghanistan dar masir-i tarikh|publisher=Payam-i Muhajir|year=1980|isbn=|edition=2|location=Qum|pages=454, 550|language=Persian|trans-title=[[Afghanistan in the Course of History]]|author-link=Mir Ghulam Muhammad Ghobar}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Gupta|first=Hari Ram|author-link=Hari Ram Gupta|date=1939|title=Mohan Lal's Observations on the Causes of the Insurrection in Kabul|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=3|pages=1388–1401|jstor=44252485}}
* {{cite book|author=Gupta|first=Hari Ram|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5893|title=Life and Work of Mohan Lal Kashmiri, 1812–1877|date=1943|publisher=Minerva Book Shop|edition=1st|location=Lahore|oclc=225191557|author-link=Hari Ram Gupta}}
*{{Cite book|last=Schofield|first=Victoria|title=Afghan Frontier: Feuding and Fighting in Central Asia|publisher=Tauris Parke|year=2003|isbn=978-1-86064-895-3|location=London|pages=|author-link=Victoria Schofield}}

== References ==
<references/>

== External links ==
*{{cite news | url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20020421/ai_n12575464 | title=Face of Afghan spy revealed in forgotten photo; Gallery uncovers 150- | newspaper=The Sunday Herald | date=21 April 2002 | first=Juliette | last=Garside}} {{dead link|date=February 2020}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lal, Mohan}}
[[Category:People of the First Anglo-Afghan War]]
[[Category:Indian diplomats]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:1812 births]]
[[Category:1877 deaths]]