Mohammed al-Ghazali - Revision history

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	*{{official website \|http://www.alghazaly.org/}} (Arabic)		*{{official website \|http://www.alghazaly.org/}} (Arabic)

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	{{For\|other people named (Al-)Ghazali\|Ghazali}}		{{For\|other people named (Al-)Ghazali\|Ghazali}}
	{{Infobox religious biography\|religion=[[Islam]]		{{Infobox religious biography
	\|name = Sheikh Mohammed al-Ghazali <br> الشيخ محمد الغزالي		\| religion = [[Islam]]
	\|denomination = [[Sunni]]		\| name = Sheikh Mohammed al-Ghazali <br> الشيخ محمد الغزالي
	\| image=		\| denomination = [[Sunni]]
	\|jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://elwahabiya.com/محمد-الغزالي/\|title=A Short Biography of Shaykh Mohammed al-Ghazali\|publisher=elwahabiya.com}}</ref>		\| image =
	\|creed = [[Ashari]]<ref name="Halverson74">{{cite book\|last=Halverson\|first=Jeffry R.\|title=Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam\|url=https://archive.org/details/theologycreedsun00halv\|url-access=limited\|isbn=9781137473578\|pages=[https://archive.org/details/theologycreedsun00halv/page/n82 74]\|publisher=Pelgrave Macmillan\|date=2010}}</ref>		\| jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://elwahabiya.com/محمد-الغزالي/\|title=A Short Biography of Shaykh Mohammed al-Ghazali\|publisher=elwahabiya.com}}</ref>
	\|birth_date = {{Birth date\|1917\|09\|22}}		\| creed = [[Ashari]]<ref name="Halverson74">{{cite book\|last=Halverson\|first=Jeffry R.\|title=Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam\|url=https://archive.org/details/theologycreedsun00halv\|url-access=limited\|isbn=9781137473578\|pages=[https://archive.org/details/theologycreedsun00halv/page/n82 74]\|publisher=Pelgrave Macmillan\|date=2010}}</ref>
	\|birth_place = al-Buhayrah, Egypt		\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|1917\|09\|22}}
	\|death_date = {{Death date and age\|1996\|03\|09\|1917\|09\|22}}		\| birth_place = al-Buhayrah, Egypt
	\|nationality = Egyptian		\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|1996\|03\|09\|1917\|09\|22}}
	\|movement = [[Islamic Modernism\|Modernism]]<ref>Biglari, Ahmad. "Political Equality and The Issue of Citizenship Rights in Contemporary Islamic Thought." ''Journal of Islamic Political Studies'' 1.2 (2019): 77-102. "...modernist thinkers such as Mohammad		\| nationality = Egyptian
			\| movement = [[Islamic Modernism\|Modernism]]<ref>Biglari, Ahmad. "Political Equality and The Issue of Citizenship Rights in Contemporary Islamic Thought." ''Journal of Islamic Political Studies'' 1.2 (2019): 77-102. "...modernist thinkers such as Mohammad
	al-Ghazali..."</ref>		al-Ghazali..."</ref>
			\| honorific suffix = {{small\|[[Order of the Republic (Egypt)\|ORE]]}}
	}}		}}
	Sheikh '''Mohammed al-Ghazali al-Saqqa''' (1917–1996) ({{lang-ar\| الشيخ محمد الغزالي السقا }}), was an [[Islam]]ic scholar whose writings "have influenced generations of Egyptians". The author of 94 books, he attracted a broad following with works that sought to interpret Islam and its holy book, the [[Qur'an]], in a modern light. He is widely credited with contributing to a revival of Islamic faith in [[Egypt]] in recent times.<ref name="NYTGhazali">{{cite news \|author=Douglas Jehl \|date=March 14, 1996 \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/14/world/mohammed-al-ghazali-78-an-egyptian-cleric-and-scholar.html \|title=Mohammed al-Ghazali, 78, An Egyptian Cleric and Scholar \|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> Another sources have called him "one of the most revered sheikhs in the Muslim world"<ref>{{cite book \|last=Kepel \|first=Gilles \|title=Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam \|url=https://archive.org/details/jihad00gill_0 \|url-access=registration \|year=2002 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/jihad00gill_0/page/287 287]}}</ref>		Sheikh '''Mohammed al-Ghazali al-Saqqa''' (1917–1996) ({{lang-ar\| الشيخ محمد الغزالي السقا }}), was an [[Islam]]ic scholar whose writings "have influenced generations of Egyptians". The author of 94 books, he attracted a broad following with works that sought to interpret Islam and its holy book, the [[Qur'an]], in a modern light. He is widely credited with contributing to a revival of Islamic faith in [[Egypt]] in recent times.<ref name="NYTGhazali">{{cite news \|author=Douglas Jehl \|date=March 14, 1996 \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/14/world/mohammed-al-ghazali-78-an-egyptian-cleric-and-scholar.html \|title=Mohammed al-Ghazali, 78, An Egyptian Cleric and Scholar \|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> Another sources have called him "one of the most revered sheikhs in the Muslim world"<ref>{{cite book \|last=Kepel \|first=Gilles \|title=Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam \|url=https://archive.org/details/jihad00gill_0 \|url-access=registration \|year=2002 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/jihad00gill_0/page/287 287]}}</ref>
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	==Works==		==Works==
	Some of his books include:<ref name="jacb">{{cite book \|last1=A.C. Brown \|first1=Jonathan \|authorlink=Jonathan A.C. Brown \|title=Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy \|date=2014 \|publisher=[[Oneworld Publications]] \|isbn=978-1780744209 \|pages=[https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow/page/136 136] \|quote=His [Muhammad al-Ghazali] countless books on every aspect of Islam and reviving its proper understanding, with titles like ''Our Intellectual Heritage'', ''Renew Your Life'' and ''Islam and Women's Issues'', still sell briskly at Cairo's impromptu sidewalk bookstalls. Through the decades of his prolific writing and serving as an imam in Cairo's leading mosques, Ghazali picked many fights and earned even more admirers. \|url=https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow/page/136 }} See also p. 137–9.</ref>{{citation needed\|date=January 2016}}		Some of his books include:<ref name="jacb">{{cite book \|last1=A.C. Brown \|first1=Jonathan \|authorlink=Jonathan A.C. Brown \|title=Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy \|date=2014 \|publisher=[[Oneworld Publications]] \|isbn=978-1780744209 \|pages=[https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow/page/136 136] \|quote=His [Muhammad al-Ghazali] countless books on every aspect of Islam and reviving its proper understanding, with titles like ''Our Intellectual Heritage'', ''Renew Your Life'' and ''Islam and Women's Issues'', still sell briskly at Cairo's impromptu sidewalk bookstalls. Through the decades of his prolific writing and serving as an imam in Cairo's leading mosques, Ghazali picked many fights and earned even more admirers. \|url=https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow/page/136 }} See also p. 137–9.</ref>{{citation needed\|date=January 2016}}
	* The Alchemy of Happiness (1909, London, J. Murray)
	* ''Islam and the Modern Economy''		* ''Islam and the Modern Economy''
	* ''Islam and Political Despotism''		* ''Islam and Political Despotism''

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2022-01-04T23:28:59Z

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{{For|other people named (Al-)Ghazali|Ghazali}}
{{Infobox religious biography|religion=[[Islam]]
|name = Sheikh Mohammed al-Ghazali <br> الشيخ محمد الغزالي
|denomination = [[Sunni]]
| image=
|jurisprudence = [[Hanafi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elwahabiya.com/محمد-الغزالي/|title=A Short Biography of Shaykh Mohammed al-Ghazali|publisher=elwahabiya.com}}</ref>
|creed = [[Ashari]]<ref name="Halverson74">{{cite book|last=Halverson|first=Jeffry R.|title=Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/theologycreedsun00halv|url-access=limited|isbn=9781137473578|pages=[https://archive.org/details/theologycreedsun00halv/page/n82 74]|publisher=Pelgrave Macmillan|date=2010}}</ref>
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1917|09|22}}
|birth_place = al-Buhayrah, Egypt
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1996|03|09|1917|09|22}}
|nationality = Egyptian
|movement = [[Islamic Modernism|Modernism]]<ref>Biglari, Ahmad. "Political Equality and The Issue of Citizenship Rights in Contemporary Islamic Thought." ''Journal of Islamic Political Studies'' 1.2 (2019): 77-102. "...modernist thinkers such as Mohammad
al-Ghazali..."</ref>
}}
Sheikh '''Mohammed al-Ghazali al-Saqqa''' (1917–1996) ({{lang-ar| الشيخ محمد الغزالي السقا }}), was an [[Islam]]ic scholar whose writings "have influenced generations of Egyptians". The author of 94 books, he attracted a broad following with works that sought to interpret Islam and its holy book, the [[Qur'an]], in a modern light. He is widely credited with contributing to a revival of Islamic faith in [[Egypt]] in recent times.<ref name="NYTGhazali">{{cite news |author=Douglas Jehl |date=March 14, 1996 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/14/world/mohammed-al-ghazali-78-an-egyptian-cleric-and-scholar.html |title=Mohammed al-Ghazali, 78, An Egyptian Cleric and Scholar |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> Another sources have called him "one of the most revered sheikhs in the Muslim world"<ref>{{cite book |last=Kepel |first=Gilles |title=Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam |url=https://archive.org/details/jihad00gill_0 |url-access=registration |year=2002 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jihad00gill_0/page/287 287]}}</ref>

==Early life==
Al-Ghazali was born in 1917 in the small town of Nikla al-'Inab (نكلا العنب), southeast of the coastal port of [[Alexandria]], in the [[Beheira Governorate]]. He graduated from [[Al Azhar University]] in 1941. He taught at the University of Umm al-Qura in Makkah, the University of Qatar, and at al-Amir 'Abd al-Qadir University for Islamic Sciences in Algeria.

==Works, beliefs, views==
Sheikh al-Ghazali held the post of chairman of the Academic Council of the [[International Institute of Islamic Thought]] in Cairo. Sheikh al-Ghazali authored more than sixty books, many of which have been translated into various languages, and was also the recipient of many awards, including the First [[Order of the Republic (Egypt)]] (1988), the King Faisal Award (1989) and the Excellence Award from Pakistan.

==Personal life and death==
He was married to Lady Amina Kouta and had seven children including two boys, and five girls and was buried in [[Medina]], [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name="NYTGhazali"/> He was a very popular Sheikh in Egypt and remained so even after his death.<ref name="jacb2">{{cite book |last1=A. C. Brown |first1=Jonathan |authorlink=Jonathan A.C. Brown |title=Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy |date=2014 |publisher=[[Oneworld Publications]] |isbn=978-1780744209 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow/page/136 136–7] |url=https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow/page/136 }}</ref>

==Works==
Some of his books include:<ref name="jacb">{{cite book |last1=A.C. Brown |first1=Jonathan |authorlink=Jonathan A.C. Brown |title=Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy |date=2014 |publisher=[[Oneworld Publications]] |isbn=978-1780744209 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow/page/136 136] |quote=His [Muhammad al-Ghazali] countless books on every aspect of Islam and reviving its proper understanding, with titles like ''Our Intellectual Heritage'', ''Renew Your Life'' and ''Islam and Women's Issues'', still sell briskly at Cairo's impromptu sidewalk bookstalls. Through the decades of his prolific writing and serving as an imam in Cairo's leading mosques, Ghazali picked many fights and earned even more admirers. |url=https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow/page/136 }} See also p. 137–9.</ref>{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}
* The Alchemy of Happiness (1909, London, J. Murray)
* ''Islam and the Modern Economy''
* ''Islam and Political Despotism''
* ''Fanaticism and Tolerance Between Christianity and Islam''
* ''Fiqh Al Seerah''
* ''Tafsir'' on the Qur'an
* ''Laisa Minal Islam'' (Not From Islam)
* ''Our Intellectual Heritage''
* ''Renew Your Life''
* ''Islam and Women's Issues''
* ''The Prophetic Sunna: Between the Jurists and the Hadith Scholars'' (''al-Sunna al-nabawiyya bayna ahl al-fiqh wa ahl al-hadith'' (Cairo, 1989, 2nd edn. 1990))

===''The Prophetic Sunna''===

Al-Ghazali's work ''The Prophetic Sunna'', was "an immediate focus of attention and controversy" when it was published in 1989. It became a best seller, with five impressions made by the publisher in its first five months and a second enlarged edition within a year. Within two years "at least seven monographs were published in response to the book." ''al-Ahram'' newspaper compared it to ''[[Perestroika]]'' restructuring going on in the Soviet Union at that time.<ref name=brown-108>{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Daniel W. |title=Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought |date=1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0521570778 |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/116836545/Rethinking-Traditions-in-Modern-Islamic-Thought-Daniel-w-Brown |ref=DWBRTMIT1996 |page=108 |accessdate=10 May 2018}}</ref>

In addition to practical concerns of revivalists—sharia position on economics and taxation, criminal law, the veiling of women, and their place in society and the economy—Al-Ghazli wrote of how to "purify sunna of adulterations". Rather than upending the science of [[Hadith studies|hadith criticism]], he sought to redress imbalances in scholars' understanding of it.<ref name=brown-108/>

Nonetheless, the book's "severe" criticism of what Al-Ghazali believed to be the "[[Qur'anic literalism|literalism]], and anti-interpretive approach to Islamic texts" of the ''Ahl al-Hadith'' (partisans of hadith) prompted sharp attacks from Islamists even more conservative than Al-Ghazali. "Several major conferences ... in Egypt and Saudi Arabia" criticizing the book, long articles in response in the Saudi-owned London-based newspaper [[Asharq Al-Awsat]], and assorted writings of others condemning al-Ghazali and questioning "his motives and competence."<ref>[[Khaled Abou El Fadl]] (2005), ''The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists'', p. 93. Harper San Francisco.</ref> According to one of his students — Khaled Abou El Fadl — Al-Ghazali was stunned and disheartened by what he thought was a smear campaign against him and by the silence of his old students.<ref name="FOER-2002">{{cite journal |last1=FOER |first1=FRANKLIN |title=Moral Hazard |journal=The New Republic |date=November 18, 2002 |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/136609/moral-hazard |accessdate=14 June 2018}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Farag Foda]]
* [[Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi]]
* [[Mustafa Mahmoud]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{official website |http://www.alghazaly.org/}} (Arabic)

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghazali, Mohammed}}
[[Category:Hanafis]]
[[Category:Maturidis]]
[[Category:Asharis]]
[[Category:Dissidents of the Muslim Brotherhood]]
[[Category:Al-Azhar University alumni]]
[[Category:Egyptian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Sunni imams]]
[[Category:Egyptian imams]]
[[Category:20th-century imams]]
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]