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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Sultan of Bijapur from 1627 to 1656}}<br />
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{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}<br />
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{{more footnotes needed|date=September 2011}}<br />
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{{Infobox royalty<br />
| name = Mohammed Adil Shah<br />
| title = [[Sultan]] <br>[[Shah]]<br />
| succession = 7th [[Adil Shahi|Sultan of Bijapur]]<br />
| image = Muhammad Adil Shah II with courtiers and attendants.jpg<br />
| caption = Muhammad Adil Shah with courtiers and attendants<br />
| reign = 12 September 1627 – 4 November 1656<br />
| full name = Mohammed Adil Shah Ghazi<br />
| predecessor = [[Ibrahim Adil Shah II]]<br />
| successor = [[Ali Adil Shah II]]<br />
| spouse = {{ubl|Taj Jahan Begum<br />{{small|(daughter of Abdur Rahman Quadri)}}|[[Khadija Sultana]]<br />{{small|(daughter of [[Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah]])}}|Uroos Begum : daughter of Nawab Mustafa Khan also known as Khan Baba<br />
}}<br />
| issue = [[Ali Adil Shah II]]<br />
| royal house = <br />
| dynasty = [[Adil Shahi|Adil Shahi Empire]]<br />
| father = [[Ibrahim Adil Shah II]]<br />
| mother = Taaj Sultana or Badi Sahiba<br />
| birth_date = 1612<br />
| birth_place = [[Adil Shahi|Bijapur]]<br />
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1656|11|04|1612|||df=yes}}<br />
| death_place = [[Adil Shahi|Bijapur]]<br />
| burial_date = <br />
| burial_place = [[Gol Gumbaz]]<br />
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]<ref>NATURE OF FACTIONALISM IN THE ADIL SHAHI SULTANATE OF BIJAPUR Kiran Sampatrao Jadhav Proceedings of the Indian History Congress Vol. 78 (2017), Published By: Indian History Congress.</ref><br />
}} <br />
<br />
'''Mohammed Adil Shah''' (1612 – 4 November 1656) was the seventh sultan of [[Adil Shahi|Bijapur]], ascending the throne in 1627. During his reign, he assisted the Mughals with their campaigns against the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmednagar Sultanate]] and signed a peace treaty with them in 1636. He died in 1656 and was buried in the [[Gol Gumbaz]].<br />
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==Rule==<br />
[[File:Sultan Muhammad Adil Shah of Bijapur and African courtiers, ca, 1640.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Sultan Muhammad Adil Shah of Bijapur and African courtiers, ca, 1640]]<br />
Although Darvesh Padshah was Ibrahim's eldest son, Mohammed Adil Shah was raised to the throne in 1627 on his father's death, at the age of fifteen.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cousens|first=Henry|title=Bijapur and its Architectural Remains|publisher=|year=1916|isbn=|location=|pages=14}}</ref><br />
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Mohammed Adil Shah of Bijapur partnered with the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] in their conquest of [[Ahmednagar]]. Mohammed maintained friendly relations with [[Shah Jahan]] and made a peace treaty of 1636, after the extinction of [[Ahmednagar]]. By a [[firman]] of [[Shah Jahan]], he got assurances for the end of Mughal aggression against [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Bijapur]] and due to his good relations with the Mughals, [[Shah Jahan]] formally recognized Muhammad's sovereignty and bestowed upon him the title of [[Shah]] in 1648, the only ruler of Bijapur to receive such recognition from the Mughals.<br />
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The Treaty of 1636 with the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] sealed the expansion of Bijapur in the north. So, Mohammed Adil Shah extended his dominations westwards into [[Konkan]], [[Pune]], Dhabul (present [[Mumbai]]), southwards into [[Mysore]], and eastwards into [[Karnataka]], present south [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Tamil Nadu]]. During his reign, the kingdom attained its greatest extent, power and magnificence, and his dominions stretched from the [[Arabian Sea]] to the [[Bay of Bengal]].<br />
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Besides territorial expansions, Bijapur also attained peace and prosperity during Mohammed's reign. His kingdom yielded an annual revenue of seven crore eighty four lakh rupees, besides the five and half crores of tributes that were from vassal rulers and [[zamindar]]s. Cultural activities like poetry, painting and architecture also received a great impetus. Mohammed Adil Shah did his best to emulate the glorious traditions left to him by his versatile [[Ibrahim Adil Shah II|father]]. Diffusion of general education and religious teachings were one of his chief concerns, and he did his utmost to improve the socio-economic and educational standards of the people.<br />
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Mohammed continued his father's patronage of the arts, though on a lesser scale. He introduced [[fresco painting]]s and portraits, the examples of which are the walls of [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Asar Mahal]], pavilion at Kumatgi and [[Bijapur, Karnataka|Sat Manzil]].<br />
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==The Marathas' insurgency==<br />
{{Further|The Maratha rebellion}}<br />
Mohammed Adil Shah along with Golconda sultan was responsible for dissolution of already decaying [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. This made him the most powerful ruler of Deccan region for a while. But as fate would always have its turn, Marathas inspired by Vijayanagar's history of valour launched a series of battles and started capturing Bijapur terroritories during very same Muhamad's reign. Mohammad's reign witnessed the revolt of the [[Maratha]] general [[Shahaji Bhosale]] and then, the rise of his son, [[Shivaji]] to eminence and his founding of an independent [[Maratha kingdom]], which was initially carved out of the [[Bijapur Sultanate]]. Muhammed failed to check the rise of [[Marathas]] to independence and finally large part of Deccan region came under Maratha influence with defeat of Bijapur Sultanate.<br />
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==Death==<br />
[[File:GolGumbaz2.jpg|thumb|[[Gol Gumbaz]], the tomb of Adil Shah. The dome of Gol Gumbaz is the second largest in the world]]<br />
After an extended illness, Mohammad died and was succeeded by his son [[Ali Adil Shah II]].<ref>[[John F. Richards]], ''The Mughal Empire'', (Cambridge University Press, 1995), 157.</ref><br />
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==Tomb==<br />
{{anchor|mausoleum}}<br />
He was buried in the [[Gol Gumbaz]], near the tomb of his spiritual teacher Hashimpeer Dastageer. Hashimpeer arrived in Bijapur at the rule of [[Ibrahim Adil Shah II]]. Hashimpeer influenced the rulers of Bijapur to give up their un-Islamic and heretic practices. Gol Gumbaz, located near the shrine of Hashimpeer, owes its completion to the 10 years of life that Hashimpeer granted to his disciple Adil Shah.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}<br />
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The dome of the Gol Gumbaz is the second largest in the world, 44&nbsp;m (124&nbsp;ft) in diameter.<ref>''Utilizing Ready Mix Concrete and Mortar: Proceedings of the International Conference'', ed.Ravindra K. Dhir and Mukesh C. Limbachiya, (Thomas Telford Publishing, 1999), 212.</ref> The [[Gol Gumbaz]] complex includes a mosque, a Naqqar Khana (a hall for the trumpeters, now it is used as museum) and the ruins of guest houses.<br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Adil Shahi–Portuguese conflicts]]<br />
*[[Daulat Khan (Reagent)]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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{{s-start}}<br />
{{succession box|title=[[List of Adil Shahi Emperors|Adil Shahi Rulers of Bijapur]]|before=[[Ibrahim Adil Shah II]]|after=[[Ali Adil Shah II]]|years=1627&ndash;1656}}<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohammed Adil Shah}}<br />
[[Category:1656 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:17th-century Indian Muslims]]<br />
[[Category:Sultans of Bijapur]]<br />
[[Category:17th-century Indian monarchs]]</div>JacksonKuester2