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← Older revision		Revision as of 15:26, 11 December 2022
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	{{Short description\|Pakistani admiral (1920–2020)}}		{{Short description\|Pakistani admiral (1920–2020)}}
	{{Use Pakistani English\|date=July ~~2022~~}}		{{Use Pakistani English\|date=July 2017}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2018}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\| honorific-prefix = [[Admiral (Pakistan)\|Admiral]]		\| honorific-prefix = [[Admiral (Pakistan)\|Admiral]]
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	}}		}}

	[[Admiral (Pakistan)\|Admiral]] '''Mohammad Shariff''' {{small\|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz\|NI(M)]] [[Hilal-i-Jurat\|HJ]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz\|HI(M)]] [[Legion of Merit\|LoM]]}} ({{lang-ur\|{{nq\|محمد شريف}}}} ; 1 July 1920 – 27 April 2020<ref name="Express Tribune">{{cite news \|title=Former naval chief Muhammad Sharif passes away\|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2209075/1-former-naval-chief-muhammad-sharif-passes-away/\|access-date=28 April 2020\|work=The Express Tribune\|date=28 April ~~2022~~}}</ref>), was a [[Pakistan Navy]] senior admiral, who served as the 2nd [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)\|Chairman]] of [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Pakistan\|Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] and a memoirist who was at the center of all the [[Political history of Pakistan\|major decisions made in Pakistan]] in the events involving the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971\|war with India]] in 1971, the enforcement of [[Operation Fair Play\|martial law]] in the country in 1977, and the decision in [[Operation Cyclone\|covertly intervening]] against [[Soviet–Afghan War\|Soviet Union in Afghanistan]].		[[Admiral (Pakistan)\|Admiral]] '''Mohammad Shariff''' {{small\|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz\|NI(M)]] [[Hilal-i-Jurat\|HJ]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz\|HI(M)]] [[Legion of Merit\|LoM]]}} ({{lang-ur\|{{nq\|محمد شريف}}}} ; 1 July 1920 – 27 April 2020<ref name="Express Tribune">{{cite news \|title=Former naval chief Muhammad Sharif passes away\|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2209075/1-former-naval-chief-muhammad-sharif-passes-away/\|access-date=28 April 2020\|work=The Express Tribune\|date=28 April 2020}}</ref>), was a [[Pakistan Navy]] senior admiral, who served as the 2nd [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)\|Chairman]] of [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Pakistan\|Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] and a memoirist who was at the center of all the [[Political history of Pakistan\|major decisions made in Pakistan]] in the events involving the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971\|war with India]] in 1971, the enforcement of [[Operation Fair Play\|martial law]] in the country in 1977, and the decision in [[Operation Cyclone\|covertly intervening]] against [[Soviet–Afghan War\|Soviet Union in Afghanistan]].

	Gaining commission in the [[Royal Indian Navy]], he participated in [[World War II]] on behalf of Great Britain before joining the [[Pakistan Navy]] in 1947 as one of the senior staff officers. In 1969, he was appointed the [[Flag Officer Commanding]] of the [[Pakistan Navy\|Eastern Naval Command]] in [[East Pakistan]] during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War\|civil war]] there, followed by the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971\|foreign intervention]] by [[India]] in 1971. After the war, he was taken as a [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Prisoners of War Investigation\|war prisoner]] along with [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi\|A.A.K Niazi]], the commander of Pakistan Army's [[Eastern Command (Pakistan)\|Eastern Command]] after conceding the [[Instrument of Surrender (1971)\|surrender]] of the Pakistan Armed Forces personnel to the [[Indian Army]].		Gaining commission in the [[Royal Indian Navy]], he participated in [[World War II]] on behalf of Great Britain before joining the [[Pakistan Navy]] in 1947 as one of the senior staff officers. In 1969, he was appointed the [[Flag Officer Commanding]] of the [[Pakistan Navy\|Eastern Naval Command]] in [[East Pakistan]] during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War\|civil war]] there, followed by the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971\|foreign intervention]] by [[India]] in 1971. After the war, he was taken as a [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Prisoners of War Investigation\|war prisoner]] along with [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi\|A.A.K Niazi]], the commander of Pakistan Army's [[Eastern Command (Pakistan)\|Eastern Command]] after conceding the [[Instrument of Surrender (1971)\|surrender]] of the Pakistan Armed Forces personnel to the [[Indian Army]].
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	===World War II and RIN career===		===World War II and RIN career===
	{{Main\|Royal Indian Navy mutiny}}		{{Main\|Royal Indian Navy mutiny}}
	Mohammad Shariff was born in [[Gujrat City\|Gujrat]], [[British Punjab\|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire\|British India]], into an [[Kashmiri-Punjabi\|Kashmiri-Punjabi family]] in 1920.<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, Anjum">{{cite book\|last1=Anjum\|first1=Zāhid Ḥusain\|title=Ilmi Encyclopaedia of General Knowledge\|date=1979\|publisher=Ilmi Kitab Khana\|location=Lahore \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TqAEAAAAYAAJ&q=mohammad+sharif+royal+indian+navy+world+war+2\|access-date=3 January 2017\|language=en}}</ref>{{rp\|372}}<ref>{{cite web\|title=پاک بحریہ کے سربراہ۔ : ایڈمرل محمد شریف\|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:_nfaEcF3zMoJ:www.pakistanconnections.com/history/detail/1975-03-23/2202+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us\|website=webcache.googleusercontent.com}}</ref> As many of his contemporaries, he was educated at the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College]] and joined the [[Royal Indian Navy]] (RIN) in 1936 as a sailor in the Communications Branch.<ref name="The News International, 2010">{{cite news \|title='Admiral's Diary' launched in capital\|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/260817-'admiral's-diary'-launched-in-capital\|access-date=3 January 2017\|work=The News International\|date=24 September ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name="Muhammad Arshad">{{cite news \| last =Arshad \| first = Muhammad \| title =Book titled "Admiral's Diary" launched \|newspaper=World Tribune Pakistan \| url =http://www.worldtribunepakistan.com/news_detail.php?page_id=22097 \| access-date =21 December 2011 }}</ref> One of his close colleagues at this time was Gautum Singh, whom he would fight against in 1971.<ref name="Lancer's Publishers and Distributions"/>{{rp\|218–219}}		Mohammad Shariff was born in [[Gujrat City\|Gujrat]], [[British Punjab\|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire\|British India]], into an [[Kashmiri-Punjabi\|Kashmiri-Punjabi family]] in 1920.<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, Anjum">{{cite book\|last1=Anjum\|first1=Zāhid Ḥusain\|title=Ilmi Encyclopaedia of General Knowledge\|date=1979\|publisher=Ilmi Kitab Khana\|location=Lahore \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TqAEAAAAYAAJ&q=mohammad+sharif+royal+indian+navy+world+war+2\|access-date=3 January 2017\|language=en}}</ref>{{rp\|372}}<ref>{{cite web\|title=پاک بحریہ کے سربراہ۔ : ایڈمرل محمد شریف\|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:_nfaEcF3zMoJ:www.pakistanconnections.com/history/detail/1975-03-23/2202+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us\|website=webcache.googleusercontent.com}}</ref> As many of his contemporaries, he was educated at the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College]] and joined the [[Royal Indian Navy]] (RIN) in 1936 as a sailor in the Communications Branch.<ref name="The News International, 2010">{{cite news \|title='Admiral's Diary' launched in capital\|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/260817-'admiral's-diary'-launched-in-capital\|access-date=3 January 2017\|work=The News International\|date=24 September 2010}}</ref><ref name="Muhammad Arshad">{{cite news \| last =Arshad \| first = Muhammad \| title =Book titled "Admiral's Diary" launched \|newspaper=World Tribune Pakistan \| url =http://www.worldtribunepakistan.com/news_detail.php?page_id=22097 \| access-date =21 December 2011 }}</ref> One of his close colleagues at this time was Gautum Singh, whom he would fight against in 1971.<ref name="Lancer's Publishers and Distributions"/>{{rp\|218–219}}

	He participated in the [[World War II]] as a [[Signals Intelligence\|signalist]] in the Royal Indian Navy on behalf of Great Britain and took part in military action in the [[Battle of the Atlantic\|Atlantic]], [[Battle of the Mediterranean\|Mediterranean]], [[East African Campaign (World War II)\|Red sea]], and [[South-East Asian theatre of World War II\|Bay of Bengal]].<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, Anjum"/>{{rp\|372–373}} In 1945, he went to the United Kingdom to attend the [[Britannia Royal Naval College]] in [[Dartmouth, England\|Dartmouth]], England where he graduated with a staff course degree.<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, Anjum"/>{{rp\|372–373}}		He participated in the [[World War II]] as a [[Signals Intelligence\|signalist]] in the Royal Indian Navy on behalf of Great Britain and took part in military action in the [[Battle of the Atlantic\|Atlantic]], [[Battle of the Mediterranean\|Mediterranean]], [[East African Campaign (World War II)\|Red sea]], and [[South-East Asian theatre of World War II\|Bay of Bengal]].<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, Anjum"/>{{rp\|372–373}} In 1945, he went to the United Kingdom to attend the [[Britannia Royal Naval College]] in [[Dartmouth, England\|Dartmouth]], England where he graduated with a staff course degree.<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, Anjum"/>{{rp\|372–373}}
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	{{quote\|text=The initial military success (''Searchlight'' and ''Barisal'') in regaining the law and order situation in East-Pakistan in March 1971 was misunderstood as a complete success.... In actuality, the law and order situation deteriorated with time, particularly after September of the same year when the population turned increasingly against the [Pakistan] armed forces as well as the [Yahya's military] government. The rapid increase in the number of troops though bloated the overall strength, however, [it] did not add to our fighting strength to the extent that was required. A sizeable proportion of the new additions were too old, inexperienced or unwilling....\|sign=Admiral Mohammad Shariff, <small>Commander of Eastern Naval Command</small>\|source=<ref name="Dawn Newspapers and Admiral's Diary"/>}}		{{quote\|text=The initial military success (''Searchlight'' and ''Barisal'') in regaining the law and order situation in East-Pakistan in March 1971 was misunderstood as a complete success.... In actuality, the law and order situation deteriorated with time, particularly after September of the same year when the population turned increasingly against the [Pakistan] armed forces as well as the [Yahya's military] government. The rapid increase in the number of troops though bloated the overall strength, however, [it] did not add to our fighting strength to the extent that was required. A sizeable proportion of the new additions were too old, inexperienced or unwilling....\|sign=Admiral Mohammad Shariff, <small>Commander of Eastern Naval Command</small>\|source=<ref name="Dawn Newspapers and Admiral's Diary"/>}}

	In 1970, the [[Election Commission of Pakistan\|Election Commission]] held the [[1970 Pakistani general elections\|general elections]] in the country that resulted in [[East Pakistan Awami League\|Awami League]] securing the [[supermajority]] in the East while [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] claiming the mandate in Pakistan. When the agitations in East Pakistan began to gain momentum, President Yahya held meeting with Governor Vice-Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]] and army's Eastern Command's commander [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan\|Yaqub Ali Khan]] over their [[Admiral Ahsan Mission\|mission outcomes]] where both objected the [[Operation Searchlight\|brute force]] against the [[Mukti Bahini\|Bengali rebels]]. Despite opposition, President Yahya Khan authorized the ''[[Operation Searchlight]]'' and accepted the resignations from Governor Admiral Ahsan and General Yaqub, only to be appointed Lieutenant-General [[Tikka Khan]] as their capacity.<ref name="Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. Cloughley">{{cite book\|last1=Cloughley\|first1=Brian\|title=A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections\|date=5 January 2016\|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.\|isbn=9781631440397\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JE1kCwAAQBAJ&q=Rear+Admiral+Sharif+tikka+khan&pg=PT281 \|page=xxxx \|access-date=5 January 2017\|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Dawn Newspapers and Admiral's Diary">{{cite news \|title=Excerpt: How the East was lost: Excerpted with permission from \|url=http://www.dawn.com/2010/10/24/excerpt-how-the-east-was-lost.html \|newspaper=Dawn \|access-date=21 December ~~2022~~}}</ref>		In 1970, the [[Election Commission of Pakistan\|Election Commission]] held the [[1970 Pakistani general elections\|general elections]] in the country that resulted in [[East Pakistan Awami League\|Awami League]] securing the [[supermajority]] in the East while [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] claiming the mandate in Pakistan. When the agitations in East Pakistan began to gain momentum, President Yahya held meeting with Governor Vice-Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]] and army's Eastern Command's commander [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan\|Yaqub Ali Khan]] over their [[Admiral Ahsan Mission\|mission outcomes]] where both objected the [[Operation Searchlight\|brute force]] against the [[Mukti Bahini\|Bengali rebels]]. Despite opposition, President Yahya Khan authorized the ''[[Operation Searchlight]]'' and accepted the resignations from Governor Admiral Ahsan and General Yaqub, only to be appointed Lieutenant-General [[Tikka Khan]] as their capacity.<ref name="Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. Cloughley">{{cite book\|last1=Cloughley\|first1=Brian\|title=A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections\|date=5 January 2016\|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.\|isbn=9781631440397\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JE1kCwAAQBAJ&q=Rear+Admiral+Sharif+tikka+khan&pg=PT281 \|page=xxxx \|access-date=5 January 2017\|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Dawn Newspapers and Admiral's Diary">{{cite news \|title=Excerpt: How the East was lost: Excerpted with permission from \|url=http://www.dawn.com/2010/10/24/excerpt-how-the-east-was-lost.html \|newspaper=Dawn \|access-date=21 December 2011}}</ref>

	The ''Searchlight'' resulted in quick success, but it had created a temporary momentum on [[Mukti Bahini\|Bengali rebels]] who started their insurgency from [[Barisal]], a [[riverine]] city which the Army had failed to infiltrated.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers and Admiral's Diary"/> Therefore, Rear-Admiral Shariff's command was put in test when he authorized the launch of [[Operation Barisal\|Barisal]] which resulted in immediate success, but it had no long-lasting effects.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers and Admiral's Diary"/>		The ''Searchlight'' resulted in quick success, but it had created a temporary momentum on [[Mukti Bahini\|Bengali rebels]] who started their insurgency from [[Barisal]], a [[riverine]] city which the Army had failed to infiltrated.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers and Admiral's Diary"/> Therefore, Rear-Admiral Shariff's command was put in test when he authorized the launch of [[Operation Barisal\|Barisal]] which resulted in immediate success, but it had no long-lasting effects.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers and Admiral's Diary"/>
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	{{quote\|text=[At the end of the conflict] ... We [Eastern Naval Command] had no intelligence and hence, were both deaf and blind with the Indian Navy and Indian Air Force pounding us day and night ... \|sign=Admiral Mohammad Shariff <small>telling Admiral [[Elmo Zumwalt\|Zumwalt]] in 1971</small>\|source=<ref name="Lancer's Publishers and Distributions"/>}}		{{quote\|text=[At the end of the conflict] ... We [Eastern Naval Command] had no intelligence and hence, were both deaf and blind with the Indian Navy and Indian Air Force pounding us day and night ... \|sign=Admiral Mohammad Shariff <small>telling Admiral [[Elmo Zumwalt\|Zumwalt]] in 1971</small>\|source=<ref name="Lancer's Publishers and Distributions"/>}}

	In March 1973, the [[Indian government]] handed over Rear-Admiral Shariff to [[Pakistan Government\|Pakistan government]] at the [[Wagha border]].<ref name="Lancer's Publishers and Distributions"/>{{rp\|219}} He was allowed to resume his military service and testified in the [[Hamoodur Rahman Commission\|War Enquiry Commission]], where he noted that: "the foundation for the defeat in East Pakistan could be traced back to the [[1958 Pakistani coup d'état\|military coup d'état]] in 1958 where senior officers became greedy self-serving politicians rather than soldiers."<ref name="Routledge, Murphy">{{cite book\|last1=Murphy\|first1=Eamon\|title=The Making of Terrorism in Pakistan: Historical and Social Roots of Extremism\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=9780415565264\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19mPVOBZ_9YC&q=rear+admiral+m+sharif+released&pg=PA74 \|page=74 \|access-date=5 January 2017\|language=en\|year=~~2022~~}}</ref> In 1974, he was promoted as [[Vice-Admiral]] and appointed as [[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (Pakistan)\|Vice-Chief of Naval Staff]] under Vice-Admiral [[Hasan Hafeez Ahmed\|H.H. Ahmed]] despite the latter being junior to Vice-Admiral Shariff.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Pakistan Affairs\|publisher=Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFI8AQAAIAAJ&q=mohammad+shariff+\|language=en\|year=1973 \|page=xxxi}}</ref>		In March 1973, the [[Indian government]] handed over Rear-Admiral Shariff to [[Pakistan Government\|Pakistan government]] at the [[Wagha border]].<ref name="Lancer's Publishers and Distributions"/>{{rp\|219}} He was allowed to resume his military service and testified in the [[Hamoodur Rahman Commission\|War Enquiry Commission]], where he noted that: "the foundation for the defeat in East Pakistan could be traced back to the [[1958 Pakistani coup d'état\|military coup d'état]] in 1958 where senior officers became greedy self-serving politicians rather than soldiers."<ref name="Routledge, Murphy">{{cite book\|last1=Murphy\|first1=Eamon\|title=The Making of Terrorism in Pakistan: Historical and Social Roots of Extremism\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=9780415565264\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19mPVOBZ_9YC&q=rear+admiral+m+sharif+released&pg=PA74 \|page=74 \|access-date=5 January 2017\|language=en\|year=2013}}</ref> In 1974, he was promoted as [[Vice-Admiral]] and appointed as [[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (Pakistan)\|Vice-Chief of Naval Staff]] under Vice-Admiral [[Hasan Hafeez Ahmed\|H.H. Ahmed]] despite the latter being junior to Vice-Admiral Shariff.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Pakistan Affairs\|publisher=Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFI8AQAAIAAJ&q=mohammad+shariff+\|language=en\|year=1973 \|page=xxxi}}</ref>

	==Chief of Naval Staff==		==Chief of Naval Staff==
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	On 22 January 1977, he was appointed acting [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] in the absence of General [[Muhammad Shariff]] and led the delegation to meet with [[Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China\|Vice Chairman]] [[Li Xiannian]] when he paid a state visit to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Service\|first1=United States Foreign Broadcast Information\|title=Daily Report: People's Republic of China\|publisher=National Technical Information Service\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5ssAAAAMAAJ&q=vice+admiral+mohammad+shariff+vice+chief+naval \|page=28 \|access-date=5 January 2017\|language=en\|year=1979}}</ref>		On 22 January 1977, he was appointed acting [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] in the absence of General [[Muhammad Shariff]] and led the delegation to meet with [[Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China\|Vice Chairman]] [[Li Xiannian]] when he paid a state visit to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Service\|first1=United States Foreign Broadcast Information\|title=Daily Report: People's Republic of China\|publisher=National Technical Information Service\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5ssAAAAMAAJ&q=vice+admiral+mohammad+shariff+vice+chief+naval \|page=28 \|access-date=5 January 2017\|language=en\|year=1979}}</ref>

	In 1977, Admiral Shariff supported the [[Operation Fair Play\|martial law]] enforced by [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)\|Chief of Army Staff]] General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq\|Zia-ul-Haq]] after the popular civil unrest sparked after the [[1977 Pakistani general election\|general elections]] held in 1977.<ref name="Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980">{{cite book\|last=Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses\|title=Strategic analysis: The Naval dictatorship\|year=1980\|publisher=Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980\|location=University of California\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zTcsAAAAIAAJ&q=admiral+karamat+rehman+niazi}}</ref> He was named deputy [[Chief Martial Law Administrator\|CMLA]] in the Military Council that is viewed to assist President [[Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry\|Fazal Ilahi]].<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 1977">{{cite news\|last1=Mansuri\|first1=M.A.\|title=In pictures: Gen Zia-ul-Haq's life and death\|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1278135 \|work=Dawn \|date=17 August 2016 \|access-date=5 January ~~2022~~}}</ref>		In 1977, Admiral Shariff supported the [[Operation Fair Play\|martial law]] enforced by [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)\|Chief of Army Staff]] General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq\|Zia-ul-Haq]] after the popular civil unrest sparked after the [[1977 Pakistani general election\|general elections]] held in 1977.<ref name="Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980">{{cite book\|last=Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses\|title=Strategic analysis: The Naval dictatorship\|year=1980\|publisher=Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980\|location=University of California\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zTcsAAAAIAAJ&q=admiral+karamat+rehman+niazi}}</ref> He was named deputy [[Chief Martial Law Administrator\|CMLA]] in the Military Council that is viewed to assist President [[Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry\|Fazal Ilahi]].<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 1977">{{cite news\|last1=Mansuri\|first1=M.A.\|title=In pictures: Gen Zia-ul-Haq's life and death\|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1278135 \|work=Dawn \|date=17 August 2016 \|access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref>

	In 1977, he was appointed acting [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] in the absence of General [[Muhammad Shariff]] who later resigned amid disagreement of the decision of the martial law on 22 January 1977.<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, Rizvi" />{{rp\|331}}<ref name="Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980" /> To sustain the presidency, the military staff appointments in the Navy and the Air Force were highly important for President Zia-ul-Haq to keep the inter-services loyal to General Zia-ul-Haq.<ref name="Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980" /> In 1978, his appointment to the chairman joint chiefs was officially confirmed by [[Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry\|President Ilahi]] after the involuntary resignation of General [[Muhammad Sharif]].<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, Rizvi" />{{rp\|331}} He was the second Chairman joint chiefs and the first admiral to have been appointed chairman joint chiefs.<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, Rizvi" />{{rp\|331}}		In 1977, he was appointed acting [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] in the absence of General [[Muhammad Shariff]] who later resigned amid disagreement of the decision of the martial law on 22 January 1977.<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, Rizvi" />{{rp\|331}}<ref name="Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980" /> To sustain the presidency, the military staff appointments in the Navy and the Air Force were highly important for President Zia-ul-Haq to keep the inter-services loyal to General Zia-ul-Haq.<ref name="Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980" /> In 1978, his appointment to the chairman joint chiefs was officially confirmed by [[Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry\|President Ilahi]] after the involuntary resignation of General [[Muhammad Sharif]].<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, Rizvi" />{{rp\|331}} He was the second Chairman joint chiefs and the first admiral to have been appointed chairman joint chiefs.<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, Rizvi" />{{rp\|331}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:26, 11 December 2022
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	{{Short description\|Pakistani admiral (1920–2020)}}		{{Short description\|Pakistani admiral (1920–2020)}}
	{{Use Pakistani English\|date=July ~~2022~~}}		{{Use Pakistani English\|date=July 2017}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2018}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\| honorific-prefix = [[Admiral (Pakistan)\|Admiral]]		\| honorific-prefix = [[Admiral (Pakistan)\|Admiral]]
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	}}		}}

	[[Admiral (Pakistan)\|Admiral]] '''Mohammad Shariff''' {{small\|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz\|NI(M)]] [[Hilal-i-Jurat\|HJ]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz\|HI(M)]] [[Legion of Merit\|LoM]]}} ({{lang-ur\|{{nq\|محمد شريف}}}} ; 1 July 1920 – 27 April 2020<ref name="Express Tribune">{{cite news \|title=Former naval chief Muhammad Sharif passes away\|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2209075/1-former-naval-chief-muhammad-sharif-passes-away/\|access-date=28 April 2020\|work=The Express Tribune\|date=28 April ~~2022~~}}</ref>), was a [[Pakistan Navy]] senior admiral, who served as the 2nd [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)\|Chairman]] of [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Pakistan\|Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] and a memoirist who was at the center of all the [[Political history of Pakistan\|major decisions made in Pakistan]] in the events involving the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971\|war with India]] in 1971, the enforcement of [[Operation Fair Play\|martial law]] in the country in 1977, and the decision in [[Operation Cyclone\|covertly intervening]] against [[Soviet–Afghan War\|Soviet Union in Afghanistan]].		[[Admiral (Pakistan)\|Admiral]] '''Mohammad Shariff''' {{small\|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz\|NI(M)]] [[Hilal-i-Jurat\|HJ]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz\|HI(M)]] [[Legion of Merit\|LoM]]}} ({{lang-ur\|{{nq\|محمد شريف}}}} ; 1 July 1920 – 27 April 2020<ref name="Express Tribune">{{cite news \|title=Former naval chief Muhammad Sharif passes away\|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2209075/1-former-naval-chief-muhammad-sharif-passes-away/\|access-date=28 April 2020\|work=The Express Tribune\|date=28 April 2020}}</ref>), was a [[Pakistan Navy]] senior admiral, who served as the 2nd [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Pakistan)\|Chairman]] of [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Pakistan\|Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] and a memoirist who was at the center of all the [[Political history of Pakistan\|major decisions made in Pakistan]] in the events involving the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971\|war with India]] in 1971, the enforcement of [[Operation Fair Play\|martial law]] in the country in 1977, and the decision in [[Operation Cyclone\|covertly intervening]] against [[Soviet–Afghan War\|Soviet Union in Afghanistan]].

	Gaining commission in the [[Royal Indian Navy]], he participated in [[World War II]] on behalf of Great Britain before joining the [[Pakistan Navy]] in 1947 as one of the senior staff officers. In 1969, he was appointed the [[Flag Officer Commanding]] of the [[Pakistan Navy\|Eastern Naval Command]] in [[East Pakistan]] during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War\|civil war]] there, followed by the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971\|foreign intervention]] by [[India]] in 1971. After the war, he was taken as a [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Prisoners of War Investigation\|war prisoner]] along with [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi\|A.A.K Niazi]], the commander of Pakistan Army's [[Eastern Command (Pakistan)\|Eastern Command]] after conceding the [[Instrument of Surrender (1971)\|surrender]] of the Pakistan Armed Forces personnel to the [[Indian Army]].		Gaining commission in the [[Royal Indian Navy]], he participated in [[World War II]] on behalf of Great Britain before joining the [[Pakistan Navy]] in 1947 as one of the senior staff officers. In 1969, he was appointed the [[Flag Officer Commanding]] of the [[Pakistan Navy\|Eastern Naval Command]] in [[East Pakistan]] during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War\|civil war]] there, followed by the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1971\|foreign intervention]] by [[India]] in 1971. After the war, he was taken as a [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Prisoners of War Investigation\|war prisoner]] along with [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi\|A.A.K Niazi]], the commander of Pakistan Army's [[Eastern Command (Pakistan)\|Eastern Command]] after conceding the [[Instrument of Surrender (1971)\|surrender]] of the Pakistan Armed Forces personnel to the [[Indian Army]].
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	===World War II and RIN career===		===World War II and RIN career===
	{{Main\|Royal Indian Navy mutiny}}		{{Main\|Royal Indian Navy mutiny}}
	Mohammad Shariff was born in [[Gujrat City\|Gujrat]], [[British Punjab\|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire\|British India]], into an [[Kashmiri-Punjabi\|Kashmiri-Punjabi family]] in 1920.<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, Anjum">{{cite book\|last1=Anjum\|first1=Zāhid Ḥusain\|title=Ilmi Encyclopaedia of General Knowledge\|date=1979\|publisher=Ilmi Kitab Khana\|location=Lahore \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TqAEAAAAYAAJ&q=mohammad+sharif+royal+indian+navy+world+war+2\|access-date=3 January 2017\|language=en}}</ref>{{rp\|372}}<ref>{{cite web\|title=پاک بحریہ کے سربراہ۔ : ایڈمرل محمد شریف\|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:_nfaEcF3zMoJ:www.pakistanconnections.com/history/detail/1975-03-23/2202+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us\|website=webcache.googleusercontent.com}}</ref> As many of his contemporaries, he was educated at the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College]] and joined the [[Royal Indian Navy]] (RIN) in 1936 as a sailor in the Communications Branch.<ref name="The News International, 2010">{{cite news \|title='Admiral's Diary' launched in capital\|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/260817-'admiral's-diary'-launched-in-capital\|access-date=3 January 2017\|work=The News International\|date=24 September ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name="Muhammad Arshad">{{cite news \| last =Arshad \| first = Muhammad \| title =Book titled "Admiral's Diary" launched \|newspaper=World Tribune Pakistan \| url =http://www.worldtribunepakistan.com/news_detail.php?page_id=22097 \| access-date =21 December 2011 }}</ref> One of his close colleagues at this time was Gautum Singh, whom he would fight against in 1971.<ref name="Lancer's Publishers and Distributions"/>{{rp\|218–219}}		Mohammad Shariff was born in [[Gujrat City\|Gujrat]], [[British Punjab\|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire\|British India]], into an [[Kashmiri-Punjabi\|Kashmiri-Punjabi family]] in 1920.<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, Anjum">{{cite book\|last1=Anjum\|first1=Zāhid Ḥusain\|title=Ilmi Encyclopaedia of General Knowledge\|date=1979\|publisher=Ilmi Kitab Khana\|location=Lahore \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TqAEAAAAYAAJ&q=mohammad+sharif+royal+indian+navy+world+war+2\|access-date=3 January 2017\|language=en}}</ref>{{rp\|372}}<ref>{{cite web\|title=پاک بحریہ کے سربراہ۔ : ایڈمرل محمد شریف\|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:_nfaEcF3zMoJ:www.pakistanconnections.com/history/detail/1975-03-23/2202+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us\|website=webcache.googleusercontent.com}}</ref> As many of his contemporaries, he was educated at the [[Rashtriya Indian Military College]] and joined the [[Royal Indian Navy]] (RIN) in 1936 as a sailor in the Communications Branch.<ref name="The News International, 2010">{{cite news \|title='Admiral's Diary' launched in capital\|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/260817-'admiral's-diary'-launched-in-capital\|access-date=3 January 2017\|work=The News International\|date=24 September 2010}}</ref><ref name="Muhammad Arshad">{{cite news \| last =Arshad \| first = Muhammad \| title =Book titled "Admiral's Diary" launched \|newspaper=World Tribune Pakistan \| url =http://www.worldtribunepakistan.com/news_detail.php?page_id=22097 \| access-date =21 December 2011 }}</ref> One of his close colleagues at this time was Gautum Singh, whom he would fight against in 1971.<ref name="Lancer's Publishers and Distributions"/>{{rp\|218–219}}

	He participated in the [[World War II]] as a [[Signals Intelligence\|signalist]] in the Royal Indian Navy on behalf of Great Britain and took part in military action in the [[Battle of the Atlantic\|Atlantic]], [[Battle of the Mediterranean\|Mediterranean]], [[East African Campaign (World War II)\|Red sea]], and [[South-East Asian theatre of World War II\|Bay of Bengal]].<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, Anjum"/>{{rp\|372–373}} In 1945, he went to the United Kingdom to attend the [[Britannia Royal Naval College]] in [[Dartmouth, England\|Dartmouth]], England where he graduated with a staff course degree.<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, Anjum"/>{{rp\|372–373}}		He participated in the [[World War II]] as a [[Signals Intelligence\|signalist]] in the Royal Indian Navy on behalf of Great Britain and took part in military action in the [[Battle of the Atlantic\|Atlantic]], [[Battle of the Mediterranean\|Mediterranean]], [[East African Campaign (World War II)\|Red sea]], and [[South-East Asian theatre of World War II\|Bay of Bengal]].<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, Anjum"/>{{rp\|372–373}} In 1945, he went to the United Kingdom to attend the [[Britannia Royal Naval College]] in [[Dartmouth, England\|Dartmouth]], England where he graduated with a staff course degree.<ref name="Ilmi Kitab Khana, Anjum"/>{{rp\|372–373}}
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	{{quote\|text=The initial military success (''Searchlight'' and ''Barisal'') in regaining the law and order situation in East-Pakistan in March 1971 was misunderstood as a complete success.... In actuality, the law and order situation deteriorated with time, particularly after September of the same year when the population turned increasingly against the [Pakistan] armed forces as well as the [Yahya's military] government. The rapid increase in the number of troops though bloated the overall strength, however, [it] did not add to our fighting strength to the extent that was required. A sizeable proportion of the new additions were too old, inexperienced or unwilling....\|sign=Admiral Mohammad Shariff, <small>Commander of Eastern Naval Command</small>\|source=<ref name="Dawn Newspapers and Admiral's Diary"/>}}		{{quote\|text=The initial military success (''Searchlight'' and ''Barisal'') in regaining the law and order situation in East-Pakistan in March 1971 was misunderstood as a complete success.... In actuality, the law and order situation deteriorated with time, particularly after September of the same year when the population turned increasingly against the [Pakistan] armed forces as well as the [Yahya's military] government. The rapid increase in the number of troops though bloated the overall strength, however, [it] did not add to our fighting strength to the extent that was required. A sizeable proportion of the new additions were too old, inexperienced or unwilling....\|sign=Admiral Mohammad Shariff, <small>Commander of Eastern Naval Command</small>\|source=<ref name="Dawn Newspapers and Admiral's Diary"/>}}

	In 1970, the [[Election Commission of Pakistan\|Election Commission]] held the [[1970 Pakistani general elections\|general elections]] in the country that resulted in [[East Pakistan Awami League\|Awami League]] securing the [[supermajority]] in the East while [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] claiming the mandate in Pakistan. When the agitations in East Pakistan began to gain momentum, President Yahya held meeting with Governor Vice-Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]] and army's Eastern Command's commander [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan\|Yaqub Ali Khan]] over their [[Admiral Ahsan Mission\|mission outcomes]] where both objected the [[Operation Searchlight\|brute force]] against the [[Mukti Bahini\|Bengali rebels]]. Despite opposition, President Yahya Khan authorized the ''[[Operation Searchlight]]'' and accepted the resignations from Governor Admiral Ahsan and General Yaqub, only to be appointed Lieutenant-General [[Tikka Khan]] as their capacity.<ref name="Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. Cloughley">{{cite book\|last1=Cloughley\|first1=Brian\|title=A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections\|date=5 January 2016\|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.\|isbn=9781631440397\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JE1kCwAAQBAJ&q=Rear+Admiral+Sharif+tikka+khan&pg=PT281 \|page=xxxx \|access-date=5 January 2017\|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Dawn Newspapers and Admiral's Diary">{{cite news \|title=Excerpt: How the East was lost: Excerpted with permission from \|url=http://www.dawn.com/2010/10/24/excerpt-how-the-east-was-lost.html \|newspaper=Dawn \|access-date=21 December ~~2022~~}}</ref>		In 1970, the [[Election Commission of Pakistan\|Election Commission]] held the [[1970 Pakistani general elections\|general elections]] in the country that resulted in [[East Pakistan Awami League\|Awami League]] securing the [[supermajority]] in the East while [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] claiming the mandate in Pakistan. When the agitations in East Pakistan began to gain momentum, President Yahya held meeting with Governor Vice-Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]] and army's Eastern Command's commander [[Lieutenant-General]] [[Sahabzada Yaqub Khan\|Yaqub Ali Khan]] over their [[Admiral Ahsan Mission\|mission outcomes]] where both objected the [[Operation Searchlight\|brute force]] against the [[Mukti Bahini\|Bengali rebels]]. Despite opposition, President Yahya Khan authorized the ''[[Operation Searchlight]]'' and accepted the resignations from Governor Admiral Ahsan and General Yaqub, only to be appointed Lieutenant-General [[Tikka Khan]] as their capacity.<ref name="Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. Cloughley">{{cite book\|last1=Cloughley\|first1=Brian\|title=A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections\|date=5 January 2016\|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.\|isbn=9781631440397\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JE1kCwAAQBAJ&q=Rear+Admiral+Sharif+tikka+khan&pg=PT281 \|page=xxxx \|access-date=5 January 2017\|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Dawn Newspapers and Admiral's Diary">{{cite news \|title=Excerpt: How the East was lost: Excerpted with permission from \|url=http://www.dawn.com/2010/10/24/excerpt-how-the-east-was-lost.html \|newspaper=Dawn \|access-date=21 December 2011}}</ref>

	The ''Searchlight'' resulted in quick success, but it had created a temporary momentum on [[Mukti Bahini\|Bengali rebels]] who started their insurgency from [[Barisal]], a [[riverine]] city which the Army had failed to infiltrated.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers and Admiral's Diary"/> Therefore, Rear-Admiral Shariff's command was put in test when he authorized the launch of [[Operation Barisal\|Barisal]] which resulted in immediate success, but it had no long-lasting effects.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers and Admiral's Diary"/>		The ''Searchlight'' resulted in quick success, but it had created a temporary momentum on [[Mukti Bahini\|Bengali rebels]] who started their insurgency from [[Barisal]], a [[riverine]] city which the Army had failed to infiltrated.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers and Admiral's Diary"/> Therefore, Rear-Admiral Shariff's command was put in test when he authorized the launch of [[Operation Barisal\|Barisal]] which resulted in immediate success, but it had no long-lasting effects.<ref name="Dawn Newspapers and Admiral's Diary"/>
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	{{quote\|text=[At the end of the conflict] ... We [Eastern Naval Command] had no intelligence and hence, were both deaf and blind with the Indian Navy and Indian Air Force pounding us day and night ... \|sign=Admiral Mohammad Shariff <small>telling Admiral [[Elmo Zumwalt\|Zumwalt]] in 1971</small>\|source=<ref name="Lancer's Publishers and Distributions"/>}}		{{quote\|text=[At the end of the conflict] ... We [Eastern Naval Command] had no intelligence and hence, were both deaf and blind with the Indian Navy and Indian Air Force pounding us day and night ... \|sign=Admiral Mohammad Shariff <small>telling Admiral [[Elmo Zumwalt\|Zumwalt]] in 1971</small>\|source=<ref name="Lancer's Publishers and Distributions"/>}}

	In March 1973, the [[Indian government]] handed over Rear-Admiral Shariff to [[Pakistan Government\|Pakistan government]] at the [[Wagha border]].<ref name="Lancer's Publishers and Distributions"/>{{rp\|219}} He was allowed to resume his military service and testified in the [[Hamoodur Rahman Commission\|War Enquiry Commission]], where he noted that: "the foundation for the defeat in East Pakistan could be traced back to the [[1958 Pakistani coup d'état\|military coup d'état]] in 1958 where senior officers became greedy self-serving politicians rather than soldiers."<ref name="Routledge, Murphy">{{cite book\|last1=Murphy\|first1=Eamon\|title=The Making of Terrorism in Pakistan: Historical and Social Roots of Extremism\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=9780415565264\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19mPVOBZ_9YC&q=rear+admiral+m+sharif+released&pg=PA74 \|page=74 \|access-date=5 January 2017\|language=en\|year=~~2022~~}}</ref> In 1974, he was promoted as [[Vice-Admiral]] and appointed as [[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (Pakistan)\|Vice-Chief of Naval Staff]] under Vice-Admiral [[Hasan Hafeez Ahmed\|H.H. Ahmed]] despite the latter being junior to Vice-Admiral Shariff.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Pakistan Affairs\|publisher=Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFI8AQAAIAAJ&q=mohammad+shariff+\|language=en\|year=1973 \|page=xxxi}}</ref>		In March 1973, the [[Indian government]] handed over Rear-Admiral Shariff to [[Pakistan Government\|Pakistan government]] at the [[Wagha border]].<ref name="Lancer's Publishers and Distributions"/>{{rp\|219}} He was allowed to resume his military service and testified in the [[Hamoodur Rahman Commission\|War Enquiry Commission]], where he noted that: "the foundation for the defeat in East Pakistan could be traced back to the [[1958 Pakistani coup d'état\|military coup d'état]] in 1958 where senior officers became greedy self-serving politicians rather than soldiers."<ref name="Routledge, Murphy">{{cite book\|last1=Murphy\|first1=Eamon\|title=The Making of Terrorism in Pakistan: Historical and Social Roots of Extremism\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=9780415565264\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=19mPVOBZ_9YC&q=rear+admiral+m+sharif+released&pg=PA74 \|page=74 \|access-date=5 January 2017\|language=en\|year=2013}}</ref> In 1974, he was promoted as [[Vice-Admiral]] and appointed as [[Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (Pakistan)\|Vice-Chief of Naval Staff]] under Vice-Admiral [[Hasan Hafeez Ahmed\|H.H. Ahmed]] despite the latter being junior to Vice-Admiral Shariff.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Pakistan Affairs\|publisher=Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFI8AQAAIAAJ&q=mohammad+shariff+\|language=en\|year=1973 \|page=xxxi}}</ref>

	==Chief of Naval Staff==		==Chief of Naval Staff==
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	On 22 January 1977, he was appointed acting [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] in the absence of General [[Muhammad Shariff]] and led the delegation to meet with [[Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China\|Vice Chairman]] [[Li Xiannian]] when he paid a state visit to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Service\|first1=United States Foreign Broadcast Information\|title=Daily Report: People's Republic of China\|publisher=National Technical Information Service\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5ssAAAAMAAJ&q=vice+admiral+mohammad+shariff+vice+chief+naval \|page=28 \|access-date=5 January 2017\|language=en\|year=1979}}</ref>		On 22 January 1977, he was appointed acting [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] in the absence of General [[Muhammad Shariff]] and led the delegation to meet with [[Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China\|Vice Chairman]] [[Li Xiannian]] when he paid a state visit to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Service\|first1=United States Foreign Broadcast Information\|title=Daily Report: People's Republic of China\|publisher=National Technical Information Service\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5ssAAAAMAAJ&q=vice+admiral+mohammad+shariff+vice+chief+naval \|page=28 \|access-date=5 January 2017\|language=en\|year=1979}}</ref>

	In 1977, Admiral Shariff supported the [[Operation Fair Play\|martial law]] enforced by [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)\|Chief of Army Staff]] General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq\|Zia-ul-Haq]] after the popular civil unrest sparked after the [[1977 Pakistani general election\|general elections]] held in 1977.<ref name="Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980">{{cite book\|last=Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses\|title=Strategic analysis: The Naval dictatorship\|year=1980\|publisher=Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980\|location=University of California\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zTcsAAAAIAAJ&q=admiral+karamat+rehman+niazi}}</ref> He was named deputy [[Chief Martial Law Administrator\|CMLA]] in the Military Council that is viewed to assist President [[Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry\|Fazal Ilahi]].<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 1977">{{cite news\|last1=Mansuri\|first1=M.A.\|title=In pictures: Gen Zia-ul-Haq's life and death\|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1278135 \|work=Dawn \|date=17 August 2016 \|access-date=5 January ~~2022~~}}</ref>		In 1977, Admiral Shariff supported the [[Operation Fair Play\|martial law]] enforced by [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)\|Chief of Army Staff]] General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq\|Zia-ul-Haq]] after the popular civil unrest sparked after the [[1977 Pakistani general election\|general elections]] held in 1977.<ref name="Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980">{{cite book\|last=Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses\|title=Strategic analysis: The Naval dictatorship\|year=1980\|publisher=Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980\|location=University of California\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zTcsAAAAIAAJ&q=admiral+karamat+rehman+niazi}}</ref> He was named deputy [[Chief Martial Law Administrator\|CMLA]] in the Military Council that is viewed to assist President [[Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry\|Fazal Ilahi]].<ref name="Dawn newspapers, 1977">{{cite news\|last1=Mansuri\|first1=M.A.\|title=In pictures: Gen Zia-ul-Haq's life and death\|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1278135 \|work=Dawn \|date=17 August 2016 \|access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref>

	In 1977, he was appointed acting [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] in the absence of General [[Muhammad Shariff]] who later resigned amid disagreement of the decision of the martial law on 22 January 1977.<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, Rizvi" />{{rp\|331}}<ref name="Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980" /> To sustain the presidency, the military staff appointments in the Navy and the Air Force were highly important for President Zia-ul-Haq to keep the inter-services loyal to General Zia-ul-Haq.<ref name="Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980" /> In 1978, his appointment to the chairman joint chiefs was officially confirmed by [[Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry\|President Ilahi]] after the involuntary resignation of General [[Muhammad Sharif]].<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, Rizvi" />{{rp\|331}} He was the second Chairman joint chiefs and the first admiral to have been appointed chairman joint chiefs.<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, Rizvi" />{{rp\|331}}		In 1977, he was appointed acting [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] in the absence of General [[Muhammad Shariff]] who later resigned amid disagreement of the decision of the martial law on 22 January 1977.<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, Rizvi" />{{rp\|331}}<ref name="Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980" /> To sustain the presidency, the military staff appointments in the Navy and the Air Force were highly important for President Zia-ul-Haq to keep the inter-services loyal to General Zia-ul-Haq.<ref name="Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980" /> In 1978, his appointment to the chairman joint chiefs was officially confirmed by [[Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry\|President Ilahi]] after the involuntary resignation of General [[Muhammad Sharif]].<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, Rizvi" />{{rp\|331}} He was the second Chairman joint chiefs and the first admiral to have been appointed chairman joint chiefs.<ref name="Sang-e-Meel Publications, Rizvi" />{{rp\|331}}

Mohammad Shariff - Revision history

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