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	'''Muhammad Ali Jauhar''' (10 December 1878 – 4 January 1931), also known as '''[[Maulana]] Mohammad Ali Jauhar''' ([[Urdu language\|Urdu]]: مَولانا مُحمّد علی جَوہر), was an [[British Raj\|Indian]] Muslim [[activist]], [[journalist]] and a poet, and was among the leading figures of the [[Khilafat Movement]].<ref name="Jafri">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PTEFAQAAQBAJ\|title=Biography of Muhammad Ali Jauhar: seerat E Maulana M Ali Jauhar\|last=Jafri\|first=Raees Ahmed\|publisher=Urdu Movies\|language=ar}}</ref>		'''Muhammad Ali Jauhar''' (10 December 1878 – 4 January 1931), also known as '''[[Maulana]] Mohammad Ali Jauhar''' ([[Urdu language\|Urdu]]: مَولانا مُحمّد علی جَوہر), was an [[British Raj\|Indian]] Muslim [[activist]], prominent member of the [[All-India Muslim League]], [[journalist]] and a poet, and was among the leading figures of the [[Khilafat Movement]].<ref name="Jafri">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PTEFAQAAQBAJ\|title=Biography of Muhammad Ali Jauhar: seerat E Maulana M Ali Jauhar\|last=Jafri\|first=Raees Ahmed\|publisher=Urdu Movies\|language=ar}}</ref>

	Mohammad Ali Jauhar was a product of the [[Aligarh Movement]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/syed-ahmad-khan-aligarh-movement-consequences-objectives-1444624799-1\|title=Syed Ahmad Khan {{!}} Aligarh Movement: Consequences & Objectives\|date=2015-10-12\|website=Jagranjosh.com\|access-date=2019-07-07}}</ref> He was elected to become the President of [[Indian National Congress]] party in 1923 and it lasted only for a few months. He was also one of the founders and ~~presidents~~ of the [[All-India Muslim League]].<ref name=muslimsofindia/>		Mohammad Ali Jauhar was a product of the [[Aligarh Movement]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/syed-ahmad-khan-aligarh-movement-consequences-objectives-1444624799-1\|title=Syed Ahmad Khan {{!}} Aligarh Movement: Consequences & Objectives\|date=2015-10-12\|website=Jagranjosh.com\|access-date=2019-07-07}}</ref> He was elected to become the President of [[Indian National Congress]] party in 1923 and it lasted only for a few months. He was also one of the founders and 14th president of the [[All-India Muslim League]].<ref name="muslimsofindia" /><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_uG0AAAAIAAJ&q=establishment+of+full+independence+in+the+form+of+a+federation+of+free+democratic+states+in+which+interests+of+the+1937+Musalmans+and+other+minorities+are+adequately+effectively+safeguarded+in+the+Constitution\|title=Chronology of Pakistan Movement: December 29, 1930-August 14, 1947\|date=1985\|publisher=National Archives of Pakistan\|language=en}}</ref>

	==Early life and career==		==Early life and career==
	Mohammad Ali was born in 1878 in [[Najibabad, Uttar Pradesh\|Najibabad]], [[Rampur State]].<ref name=findpk/><ref name="asir">{{Cite book\|title=Tazkirah Mashāhīr-e-Hind: Karwān-e-Rafta\|author=Asir Adrawi\|author-link=Asir Adrawi\|page=234\|location=[[Deoband]]\|publisher= Darul Muallifeen \|language=ur \|edition = 2 April 2016}}</ref> His father, Abdul Ali Khan, died when he was five years old.<ref name=Dawn>{{cite web\|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1154854 \|title=Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar- a man who chose the pen above the sword \|publisher=Dawn (newspaper) \|date=4 January 2015 \|access-date=3 November 2019}}</ref> His brothers were [[Shaukat Ali (politician)\|Shaukat]], who became a leader of the Khilafat Movement, and Zulfiqar. His mother Abadi Begum (1852–1924), affectionately known as Bi Amman, inspired her sons to take up the mantle of the struggle for freedom from Colonial rule. To this end, was adamant that her sons were properly educated.<ref name=Dawn/>		Mohammad Ali was born in 1878 in [[Najibabad, Uttar Pradesh\|Najibabad]], [[Rampur State]].<ref name=findpk/><ref name="asir">{{Cite book\|title=Tazkirah Mashāhīr-e-Hind: Karwān-e-Rafta\|author=Asir Adrawi\|author-link=Asir Adrawi\|page=234\|location=[[Deoband]]\|publisher= Darul Muallifeen \|language=ur \|edition = 2 April 2016}}</ref>He was born to a rich family belonging to the Yousaf Zai clan. His father, Abdul Ali Khan, died when he was five years old.<ref name=Dawn>{{cite web\|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1154854 \|title=Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar- a man who chose the pen above the sword \|publisher=Dawn (newspaper) \|date=4 January 2015 \|access-date=3 November 2019}}</ref> His brothers were [[Shaukat Ali (politician)\|Shaukat]], who became a leader of the Khilafat Movement, and Zulfiqar. His mother Abadi Begum (1852–1924), affectionately known as Bi Amman, inspired her sons to take up the mantle of the struggle for freedom from Colonial rule. To this end, was adamant that her sons were properly educated.<ref name=Dawn/>

	Despite the early death of his father, Jauhar attended [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and, in 1898, [[Lincoln College, Oxford]], studying modern history.<ref name=storyofpakistan/>		Despite the early death of his father, Jauhar attended [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and the [[University of Allahabad\|Allahabad University]], in 1898, [[Lincoln College, Oxford]], studying modern history.<ref name=storyofpakistan/><ref name="Jafri" /><ref>{{Cite web\|title=Mohammad Ali Jauhar - Profile & Biography\|url=https://www.rekhta.org/poets/mohammad-ali-jauhar/profile\|access-date=2022-01-06\|website=Rekhta\|language=en}}</ref>

	Upon his return to India, he served as education director for the Rampur state, and later joined the [[Baroda]] civil service. He became a writer and an orator of the first magnitude and a farsighted political leader, writing articles in major British and Indian newspapers like ''[[The Times]]'', London, ''[[The Manchester Guardian]]'' and ''[[The Observer]]''.<ref name=storyofpakistan>[http://storyofpakistan.com/maulana-muhammad-ali-jouhar?perid=p038 Mohammad Ali Jouhar] Profile of Mohammad Ali Jauhar on storyofpakistan.com</ref> He launched the [[English language\|English]] weekly ''[[The Comrade]]'' in 1911 in Calcutta. It quickly gained circulation and influence. He moved to [[Delhi]] in 1912 and there he launched an Urdu-language daily newspaper ''Hamdard'' in 1913.<ref name=muslimsofindia/> He married Amjadi Bano Begum (c. 1886–1947) in 1902. Amjadi Begum was actively involved in the national and Khilafat movement.<ref>{{cite web\|last1=Masooma\|first1=Syed\|title=Amjadi Begum\|url=http://www.dostpakistan.pk/amjadi-begum/\|publisher=dostpakistan.pk\|access-date=3 November 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628050858/http://www.dostpakistan.pk/amjadi-begum/\|archive-date=28 June 2013\|date=3 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Begum Mohammed Ali Passes Away\|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3odhAAAAIBAJ&pg=3270%2C6413483\|website=The Indian Express\|access-date=11 April 2017\|page=5\|date=29 March 1947}}</ref>		Upon his return to India, he served as education director for the Rampur state, and later joined the [[Baroda]] civil service. He became a writer and an orator of the first magnitude and a farsighted political leader, writing articles in major British and Indian newspapers like ''[[The Times]]'', London, ''[[The Manchester Guardian]]'' and ''[[The Observer]]''.<ref name=storyofpakistan>[http://storyofpakistan.com/maulana-muhammad-ali-jouhar?perid=p038 Mohammad Ali Jouhar] Profile of Mohammad Ali Jauhar on storyofpakistan.com</ref> He launched the [[English language\|English]] weekly ''[[The Comrade]]'' in 1911 in Calcutta. It quickly gained circulation and influence. He moved to [[Delhi]] in 1912 and there he launched an Urdu-language daily newspaper ''Hamdard'' in 1913.<ref name=muslimsofindia/> He married Amjadi Bano Begum (c. 1886–1947) in 1902. Amjadi Begum was actively involved in the national and Khilafat movement.<ref>{{cite web\|last1=Masooma\|first1=Syed\|title=Amjadi Begum\|url=http://www.dostpakistan.pk/amjadi-begum/\|publisher=dostpakistan.pk\|access-date=3 November 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628050858/http://www.dostpakistan.pk/amjadi-begum/\|archive-date=28 June 2013\|date=3 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Begum Mohammed Ali Passes Away\|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3odhAAAAIBAJ&pg=3270%2C6413483\|website=The Indian Express\|access-date=11 April 2017\|page=5\|date=29 March 1947}}</ref>
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	=== In popular culture ===		=== In popular culture ===
	''Maulana Mohammad Ali 'Jauhar''' is a 1984 [[documentary film]] directed by Saiyed Ahmad and produced by the [[Government of India]]'s [[Films Division of India\|Films Division]], it covers his political career and life as an [[Indian independence movement\|Indian freedom fighter]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=MAULANA MOHAMMAD ALI `JAUHAR` {{!}} Films Division\|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/maulana-mohammad-ali-jauhar\|access-date=2021-06-12\|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>		''Maulana Mohammad Ali 'Jauhar''' is a 1984 [[documentary film]] directed by Saiyed Ahmad and produced by the [[Government of India]]'s [[Films Division of India\|Films Division]], it covers his political career and life as an [[Indian independence movement\|Indian freedom fighter]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=MAULANA MOHAMMAD ALI 'JAUHAR' {{!}} Films Division\|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/maulana-mohammad-ali-jauhar\|access-date=2021-06-12\|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>

	==Quotes==		==Quotes==

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{{Short description|Indian Muslim leader, activist, scholar, journalist and poet (1878-1931)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Muhammad Ali Jauhar
| image = Molana-Muhammad-Ali.jpg
| caption =
| office1 = 34th [[list of presidents of the Indian National Congress|President of Indian National Congress]]
| term_start1 = 1923
| term_end1 = 1923
| predecessor1 = [[Chittaranjan Das]]
| successor1 = [[Abul Kalam Azad]]
| module = {{Infobox religious biography|embed=yes
| background = #e6e8fa
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1878|12|10|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]], [[Rampur State]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1931|1|4|1878|12|10|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[London]], [[England]]
| resting_place = [[Jerusalem]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| parents = Abdul Ali Khan (father)<br />[[Abadi Bano Begum]] (mother)
| spouse = {{marriage|Amjadi Bano Begum|1902|1931}}
| occupation = [[Journalist]], [[scholar]], [[political activist]], poet
| known_for = [[Khilafat movement]]
| movement =
| party = [[All India Muslim League]]<br /> [[Indian National Congress]]
| founder = [[Jamia Millia Islamia]]
}}
}}
'''Muhammad Ali Jauhar''' (10 December 1878 – 4 January 1931), also known as '''[[Maulana]] Mohammad Ali Jauhar''' ([[Urdu language|Urdu]]: مَولانا مُحمّد علی جَوہر), was an [[British Raj|Indian]] Muslim [[activist]], [[journalist]] and a poet, and was among the leading figures of the [[Khilafat Movement]].<ref name="Jafri">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PTEFAQAAQBAJ|title=Biography of Muhammad Ali Jauhar: seerat E Maulana M Ali Jauhar|last=Jafri|first=Raees Ahmed|publisher=Urdu Movies|language=ar}}</ref>

Mohammad Ali Jauhar was a product of the [[Aligarh Movement]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/syed-ahmad-khan-aligarh-movement-consequences-objectives-1444624799-1|title=Syed Ahmad Khan {{!}} Aligarh Movement: Consequences & Objectives|date=2015-10-12|website=Jagranjosh.com|access-date=2019-07-07}}</ref> He was elected to become the President of [[Indian National Congress]] party in 1923 and it lasted only for a few months. He was also one of the founders and presidents of the [[All-India Muslim League]].<ref name=muslimsofindia/>

==Early life and career==
Mohammad Ali was born in 1878 in [[Najibabad, Uttar Pradesh|Najibabad]], [[Rampur State]].<ref name=findpk/><ref name="asir">{{Cite book|title=Tazkirah Mashāhīr-e-Hind: Karwān-e-Rafta|author=Asir Adrawi|author-link=Asir Adrawi|page=234|location=[[Deoband]]|publisher= Darul Muallifeen |language=ur |edition = 2 April 2016}}</ref> His father, Abdul Ali Khan, died when he was five years old.<ref name=Dawn>{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1154854 |title=Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar- a man who chose the pen above the sword |publisher=Dawn (newspaper) |date=4 January 2015 |access-date=3 November 2019}}</ref> His brothers were [[Shaukat Ali (politician)|Shaukat]], who became a leader of the Khilafat Movement, and Zulfiqar. His mother Abadi Begum (1852–1924), affectionately known as Bi Amman, inspired her sons to take up the mantle of the struggle for freedom from Colonial rule. To this end, was adamant that her sons were properly educated.<ref name=Dawn/>

Despite the early death of his father, Jauhar attended [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and, in 1898, [[Lincoln College, Oxford]], studying modern history.<ref name=storyofpakistan/>

Upon his return to India, he served as education director for the Rampur state, and later joined the [[Baroda]] civil service. He became a writer and an orator of the first magnitude and a farsighted political leader, writing articles in major British and Indian newspapers like ''[[The Times]]'', London, ''[[The Manchester Guardian]]'' and ''[[The Observer]]''.<ref name=storyofpakistan>[http://storyofpakistan.com/maulana-muhammad-ali-jouhar?perid=p038 Mohammad Ali Jouhar] Profile of Mohammad Ali Jauhar on storyofpakistan.com</ref> He launched the [[English language|English]] weekly ''[[The Comrade]]'' in 1911 in Calcutta. It quickly gained circulation and influence. He moved to [[Delhi]] in 1912 and there he launched an Urdu-language daily newspaper ''Hamdard'' in 1913.<ref name=muslimsofindia/> He married Amjadi Bano Begum (c. 1886–1947) in 1902. Amjadi Begum was actively involved in the national and Khilafat movement.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Masooma|first1=Syed|title=Amjadi Begum|url=http://www.dostpakistan.pk/amjadi-begum/|publisher=dostpakistan.pk|access-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628050858/http://www.dostpakistan.pk/amjadi-begum/|archive-date=28 June 2013|date=3 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Begum Mohammed Ali Passes Away|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3odhAAAAIBAJ&pg=3270%2C6413483|website=The Indian Express|access-date=11 April 2017|page=5|date=29 March 1947}}</ref>

Jouhar worked hard to expand the Aligarh Muslim University, then known as the [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College]], and was one of the co-founders of the [[Jamia Millia Islamia]] in 1920, which was later moved to Delhi.

==Khilafat movement in India parts==

Jouhar had attended the founding meeting of the [[All India Muslim League]] in [[Dacca]] in 1906, and served as its president in 1918. He remained active in the League till 1928. Mohammad Ali Jouhar "had the unique distinction of having directed the affairs of the three most important political parties/movements in the country—The [[Indian National Congress]], the [[All India Muslim League]] and the [[Khilafat movement]]."<ref name=findpk>[http://www.findpk.com/pof/maulana_mohamed_ali_jauhar.html Mohammad Ali Jouhar's profile and commemorative postage stamp] findpk.com website</ref>

He represented the Muslim delegation that travelled to England in 1919 to convince the British government to influence the Turkish nationalist [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Mustafa Kemal]] not to depose the [[Sultan]] of Turkey, who was the [[Caliphate|Caliph]] of [[Islam]] and the presumed leader of all Islamic nations of that time.<ref name=MAJ>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.436019|title=Kalam Johar|last=Muhammad Ali Johar|date=1938}}</ref> British government's rejection of their demands resulted in the formation of the [[Khilafat Movement|Khilafat]] committee which directed Muslims all over India to protest and boycott the British government.<ref name=MAJ/>

Now accorded the title of [[Mawlānā|Maulana]], Ali formed, in 1921, a broad coalition with nationalist leaders like [[Shaukat Ali (politician)|Shaukat Ali]], [[Abul Kalam Azad]], [[Hakim Ajmal Khan]], [[Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari]], [[Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari]] as well as [[Mahatma Gandhi]], who then enlisted the support of the [[Indian National Congress]] and many thousands of Hindus, who joined the Muslims in a demonstration of unity against the British government. Jouhar also wholeheartedly supported Gandhi's call for a national civil resistance movement, and inspired many hundreds of protests and strikes all over India. He was arrested by British authorities and imprisoned for two years for what was termed as a seditious speech at the meeting of the Khilafat Conference.<ref name="Jafri"/>

==Alienation from Congress==
Jouhar was, however, disillusioned by the failure of the Khilafat movement and Gandhi's suspension of [[non-cooperation movement]] in 1922, owing to the [[Chauri Chaura incident]]. In this incident, on 4 February 1922, when a large group of protesters, participating in Gandhi's non-cooperation movement clashed with police, who opened fire and killed three protesters. In retaliation, the demonstrators attacked and set fire to a police station, killing 22 policemen. The [[Indian National Congress]] suspended the non-cooperation movement on the national level as a direct result of this incident.<ref>Shefalee Vasudev (20 October 2003) [http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/chauri-chaura-village-that-became-metaphor-for-gandhism-gets-entangled-in-criminal-violence/1/205175.html Chauri Chaura village that became metaphor for Gandhism gets entangled in criminal violence]. ''India Today''. Retrieved on 2018-12-12.</ref>

He restarted his daily ''Hamdard'', and left the Congress Party. He opposed the [[Nehru Report]], which was a document proposing constitutional reforms and a dominion status of an independent nation within the [[British Empire]], written by a committee of [[Hindu]] and [[Muslim]] members of the Congress Party headed by President [[Motilal Nehru]]. It was a major protest against the [[Simon Commission]] which had arrived in India to propose reforms but containing no local Indian nor making any effort to listen to the Indians' voices and aspirations. Mohammad Ali was put in jail.<ref name=MAJ/> So All Parties Conference on Nehru report was represented by Shaukat Ali, Begum Mohammad Ali and 30 other members of the Central Khilafat Committee which included [[Abdul Majid Daryabadi]], Azad Subhani, [[Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi]], [[Abul Muhasin Muhammad Sajjad]] and others. Mohammad Ali opposed the part of the Nehru Report's 'rejection' of separate electorates for Muslims, and supported the ''Fourteen Points'' of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] and the Muslim League.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wasti|first=Syed Tanvir|date=2002|title=The Circles of Maulana Mohamed Ali|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=38|issue=4|pages=51–62|issn=0026-3206|jstor=4284258|doi=10.1080/714004494|s2cid=145545924}}</ref> He became a critic of Gandhi, breaking with fellow Muslim leaders like Abul Kalam Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan and Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, who continued to support Gandhi and the Indian National Congress.<ref name=MAJ/>

==Jailed in Karachi==
In 1921, the British government established a court in [[Khaliq Deena Hall|Khaliqdina Hall]] in Karachi and punished him with two-and-a-half years' imprisonment in [[Central Prison Karachi|Karachi central jail]]. Besides this jail sentence, he served many and frequent jail sentences due to his anti-government activities. However, he kept fighting for what he believed and this inspired the formation of Pakistan.<ref name=Dawn/>

== 1930 Round Table Conference in London ==
Ultimately Mohammad Ali's frequent jail sentences, his diabetes and lack of proper nutrition while jailed, made him very sick. Despite his failing health, he wanted to attend the first Round Table Conference held in London in 1930.<ref name=Dawn/> Ali attended the 'Conference' in [[London]] (the chairman being [[Aga Khan III|Sir Agha Khan]] of the Muslim delegation) to show that only the Muslim League spoke for India's Muslims. Reportedly his words to the British government were that he would not return to India alive unless the country was set free, "I would prefer to die in a foreign country so long as it is a free country, and if you do not give us freedom in India, you will have to give me a grave here."<ref name=muslimsofindia/>

==Death and legacy==
{{Main|List of institutions and places named after Mohammad Ali Jauhar}}
[[File:Grave of Moulana Mohammad Ali Johar.jpg|thumb|Grave of Mohmmad Ali Jauhar in Jerusalem]]
He died of a stroke in London on 4 January 1931 and was buried in [[Jerusalem]] by the choice of his relatives, friends and admirers. The inscription written on his grave near the [[Dome of the Rock]] says: "Here lies al-Sayyid Muhammad Ali al-Hindi."<ref name=muslimsofindia>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071008201806/http://muslims-india.info/index.php/History/Know-our-heros-Maulana-Muhammad-Ali-Jauhar.html Profile of Mohammad Ali Jauhar on Muslims of India website] muslims-india.info website (Archived)</ref> [[Pakistan Post|Pakistan Postal Services]] issued a commemorative postage stamp for Mohammad Ali Jouhar in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series on his birth anniversary in 1978.<ref name="findpk" /> A number of educational intuitions like [[Mohammad Ali Jauhar University]], Maulana Mohammad Ali Jouhar Academy of International Studies in Jamia Millia Islamia, [[Maulana Mohammad Ali College]] and places including [[Johar Town]], [[Jauharabad]], [[Gulistan-e-Jauhar]] are named after Jauhar.

=== In popular culture ===
''Maulana Mohammad Ali 'Jauhar''' is a 1984 [[documentary film]] directed by Saiyed Ahmad and produced by the [[Government of India]]'s [[Films Division of India|Films Division]], it covers his political career and life as an [[Indian independence movement|Indian freedom fighter]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=MAULANA MOHAMMAD ALI `JAUHAR` {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/maulana-mohammad-ali-jauhar|access-date=2021-06-12|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>

==Quotes==

"I had long been convinced that here in this Country of hundreds of millions of human beings, intensely attached to religion, and yet infinitely split up into communities, sects and denominations, Providence had created for us the mission of solving a unique problem and working out a new synthesis, which was nothing low than a Federation of Faiths … For more than twenty years I have dreamed the dream of a federation, grander, nobler and infinitely more spiritual than the United States of America, and today when many a political Cassandra prophesies a return to the bad old days of Hindu-Muslim dissensions I still dream that old dream of 'United Faiths of India.'" —Mohammad Ali; from the Presidential Address, I.N.C. Session, 1923, Cocanada (now Kakinada).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yumitro|first=Gonda|title=The Roles of Muhammad Ali Jauhar in Indian Politics and Khilafat Movement|url=https://www.academia.edu/13037086|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}

{{refbegin}}

;Biographical pages
* {{cite book
|title= Muhammad Ali Jauhar and the Mutiny Trial (محمد علی جوہر ۱ور مقدمہِ بغاوت) in Urdu
|work = [[Rehmat Farrukhabadi]] |publisher=Oxford University Press| year=2005
|isbn=9780195978940
|url = http://global.oup.com/academic/product/muhammad-ali-jauhar-and-the-mutiny-trial-9780195978940?cc=pk&lang=en&
}}
* {{cite web
|title=Maulana Muhammad Ali Jouhar (1878–1931)
|work = Profile of Mohammad Ali Jouhar on 'Story of Pakistan' website, Retrieved 4 January 2017
|url = http://www.storyofpakistan.com/person.asp?perid=P038
|date = 17 October 2013
}}
* {{cite web
|title=Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar
|work=Profile of Mohammad Ali Jouhar on 'Pioneers of Freedom' website
|url=http://www.cybercity-online.net/pof/maulana_mohamed_ali_jauhar.html
|access-date=14 March 2006
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729042456/http://www.cybercity-online.net/pof/maulana_mohamed_ali_jauhar.html
|archive-date=29 July 2013
|url-status=dead
}}, Retrieved 4 January 2017
* {{cite web
|title=Ali brothers
|work=nazariapak.info website
|url=http://www.nazariapak.info/data/history/fighters/alibrothers.asp
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040916231646/http://www.nazariapak.info/data/history/fighters/alibrothers.asp
|archive-date=16 September 2004
}}, Retrieved 4 January 2017
* {{cite web
|title=Presidents of Indian national Congress
|work = Mohammad Ali Jouhar listed as President in 1923, Retrieved 4 January 2017
|url = http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/freedom/congress/presidents.htm
}}

{{refend}}

{{Indian National Congress Presidents}}
{{Pakistan Movement}}

{{Indian Independence Movement}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali, Mohammad, Maulana}}
[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1931 deaths]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:People from Rampur, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Translators of the Quran into Urdu]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Jamia Millia Islamia]]
[[Category:Rohilkhand]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Journalists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Pakistan Movement]]