imported>HueMan1: HueMan1 moved page Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rainforest ecoregion to Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests

2021-02-13T12:38:27Z

HueMan1 moved page Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rainforest ecoregion to Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests

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{{EngvarB|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox ecoregion
| name = Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests ecoregion
| image = Pangsau Pass.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = View across the Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests. This picture is from the [[Pangsau Pass]] in the northwest of the ecoregion, on the border between India and Myanmar.
| map = Ecoregion IM0131.png
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Ecoregion territory (in purple)
| biogeographic_realm = [[Indomalayan realm|Indomalayan]]
| biome = [[tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests|subtropical moist broadleaf forest]]
| border = [[Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests]]
| border1 = [[Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests]]
| border2 = [[Meghalaya subtropical forests]]
| border3 = [[Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests]]
| border4 = [[Myanmar coastal rain forests]]
| border5 = [[Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests]]
| border6 = [[Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests]]
| border7 = [[Northeast India-Burma pine forests]]
| border8 = [[Northern Indochina subtropical forests]]
| border9 = [[Northern Triangle subtropical forests]]
| bird_species =
| mammal_species =
| area = 135600
| country = [[India]]
| country1 = [[Myanmar]]
| country2 = [[Bangladesh]]
| state = [[Mizoram]]
| state1 = [[Assam]]
| state2 = [[Manipur]]
| state3 = [[Nagaland]]
| state4 = [[Kachin State]]
| state5 = [[Sagaing Region]]
| state6 = [[Chin State]]
| state7 = [[Rakhine State]]
| state8 = [[Chittagong Hills]]
| habitat_loss =
| habitat_loss_ref =
| protected =
| protected_ref =

| coordinates = {{coord|24|14|N|94|0|E|display=inline,title}}
|footnotes =
}}

The '''Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests''' is a [[tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests|subtropical moist broadleaf forest]] [[ecoregion]] which occupies the lower hillsides of the mountainous border region joining [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], and [[Burma]] (Myanmar). The ecoregion covers an area of {{convert|135600|km2|sqmi}}. Located where the [[biota (ecology)|biota]]s of the [[Indian Subcontinent]] and [[Indochina]] meet, and in the transition between [[subtropical]] and tropical regions of Asia, the Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests are home to great biodiversity. The [[World Wide Fund for Nature|WWF]] rates the ecoregion as "Globally Outstanding" in [[biodiversity|biological distinctiveness]].<ref name="Wikramanayake, Eric 2002 pp. 377-379">Wikramanayake, Eric; Eric Dinerstein; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (2002). ''Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment.'' Island Press; Washington, DC. pp. 377–379</ref>

==Geography and neighbouring ecoregions ==
The ecoregion is characterised by semi-evergreen rain forest, covering the lower elevations of the [[Chin Hills]] and [[Arakan Mountains]] in Myanmar's [[Arakan State]], India's [[Manipur]] state, the adjacent [[Chittagong Hills]] of Bangladesh, and then extending northwards along the [[Naga Hills]] and [[Mizo Hills]] to cover most of India's [[Nagaland]] and [[Mizoram]] states, and also eastwards across Myanmar's [[Sagaing Division]] and [[Kachin State]] to the China-Myanmar border.

The [[Myanmar coastal rain forests]] occupy the coastal lowlands of Myanmar south and southwest of this ecoregion. To the west, the ecoregion borders the [[Meghalaya subtropical forests]] ecoregion in the [[Khasi Hills|Khasi]] and [[Garo Hills]], and the [[Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests]] in the [[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]] lowlands. The Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests extends up to the {{convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=off}} elevation of the Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma range, and the [[Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests]] occupy the portion of the range above {{convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=off}}. As the Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin forests extend east across Myanmar, they are bounded by the [[Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests]] of the [[Irrawaddy River]] basin in the south, the higher-elevation [[Northern Triangle subtropical forests]] in the north, and the [[Northern Indochina subtropical forests]] in the east. The [[Northeast India-Burma pine forests]] occupy the higher elevations of the Naga Hills along the Nagaland-Burma border, and are surrounded by the Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests west, south and east.

===Climate===
The climate of the ecoregion is [[tropical climate|tropical]] and humid, although somewhat cooler than the adjacent lowlands. Rainfall comes mostly from the [[monsoon]] winds from the [[Bay of Bengal]], and parts of the ecoregion can receive up to {{convert|2000|mm}} of rain per year.

==Flora==
[[File:Forest around Pangti Village and Doyang Dam region Nagaland JEG4312.jpg|thumb|The rainforests in Naga Hills]]
In the Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rainforest, the predominant plant community is semi-evergreen rain forest, which covers the vast majority of the ecoregion's intact area, a total of 36% of the ecoregion. Other plant communities include tropical wet evergreen forest (5% of the ecoregion's total area), tropical moist deciduous forest (2%), montane wet temperate forest (2%), and subtropical montane forest (1%). 19% of the ecoregion's area has been cleared, primarily for agriculture and grazing, and 34% of the ecoregion consists of degraded areas.<ref>Wikramanayake, Eric; Eric Dinerstein; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (2002). ''Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment.'' Island Press; Washington, DC. p 234</ref>

The semi-evergreen rain forest is dominated by trees of the [[Dipterocarpaceae|dipterocarp family]], including ''[[Dipterocarpus alatus]]'', ''[[Dipterocarpus turbinatus|D. turbinatus]]'', ''[[Dipterocarpus griffithii|D. griffithii]]'', ''[[Parashorea stellata]]'', ''[[Hopea odorata]]'', ''[[Shorea burmanica]]'', and ''[[Anisoptera scaphula]]''. Trees of other families include ''[[Swintonia floribunda]]'', ''[[Eugenia grandis]]'', ''[[Xylia xylocarpa]], [[Gmelina arborea]], [[Bombax insignis]], [[Bombax ceiba]], [[Albizia procera]]'', and ''[[Castanopsis]]'' spp.<ref>Wikramanayake, Eric; Eric Dinerstein; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (2002). ''Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment.'' Island Press; Washington, DC. p 377</ref>

<gallery>
File:The ever green jungle.jpg|Inside the rainforests
File:Dampa Tiger Reserve Forest.jpg|
File:Starr 071024-0098 Congea tomentosa.jpg|[[Vines]] like the [[Shower Orchid]] are common
File:Citrus macroptera.jpg|Wild orange (''[[citrus macroptera]]'') is native to this ecoregion ([[Sylhet region]])
File:Unidentified Musa from Nagaland JEG5458.JPG|Trees of the [[Musa (genus)|banana-genus]] grows wild. This particular tree is unidentified.
File:Amlaki (Bengali- আমলকী) (4937858995).jpg|[[Phyllanthus emblica|Amla tree]]s grows wild
File:Silk cotton tree, Bhagamandla Range AJT Johnsingh.JPG|[[bombax ceiba|Silk-cotton tree]] (''bombax ceiba'') is one of many common tree types in the Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rainforests. In the forests, this tree can grow very large.
</gallery>

==Fauna==
[[File:Hoolock Gibbon by Dr Raju Kasambe 03.JPG|thumb|Hoolock gibbons are living in these forests.]]
The ecoregion is home to 149 known species of mammals. This includes two near-[[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] species, a bat ''[[Pipistrellus joffrei]]'', and a [[muridae|murid]] rodent ''[[Hadromys humei]]''. The ecoregion is home to several endangered and threatened mammal species, including the tiger (''Panthera tigris''), [[clouded leopard]] (''Pardofelis nebulosa''), [[Asian elephant]] (''Elephas maximus''), [[Eld's deer]] (''Cervus eldii''), [[gaur]] (''Bos gaurus''), [[Himalayan goral]] (''Nemorhaedus goral''), [[red panda]] (''Ailurus fulgens''), [[smooth-coated otter]] (''Lutrogale perspicillata''), [[Indian civet]] (''Viverra zibetha''), [[back-striped weasel]] (''Mustela strigidorsa''), [[Assamese macaque]] (''Macaca assamensis''), [[bear macaque]] (''Macaca arctoides''), [[southern pig-tailed macaque]] (''Macaca nemestrina''), [[capped leaf monkey]] (''Semnopithecus pileatus''), and [[hoolock gibbon]] (''Hylobates hoolock'').<ref name="Wikramanayake, Eric 2002 pp. 377-379"/>

The ecoregion harbours 580 bird species,<ref name="Wikramanayake, Eric 2002 pp. 377-379"/> of which 6 are near-endemics: [[Manipur bush quail]] (''Perdicula manipurensis''), [[striped laughingthrush]] (''Garrulax virgatus''), [[brown-capped laughingthrush]] (''Garrulax austeni''), [[marsh babbler]] (''Pellorneum palustre''), [[tawny-breasted wren-babbler]] (''Spelaeornis longicaudatus''), and [[wedge-billed wren-babbler]] (''Sphenocichla humei'').<ref>Wikramanayake, Eric; Eric Dinerstein; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (2002). ''Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment.'' Island Press; Washington, DC. pp. 257–258</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of ecoregions in India]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*{{WWF ecoregion|name=Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests|id=im0131}}
* {{cite web|url=https://ecoregions2017.appspot.com/|title=Ecoregions 2017|publisher=Resolve}}<br>Geographical ecoregion maps and basic info.

{{clear}}
{{ecoregions of India}}
{{Indomalayan tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests}}

[[Category:Indomalayan ecoregions]]
[[Category:Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Asia]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of India]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Rainforests of Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Tropical rainforests of India]]
[[Category:Forests of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Forests of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Flora of Bangladesh|*]]
[[Category:Flora of Myanmar|*]]
[[Category:Flora of Northeast India|*]]
[[Category:Environment of Manipur]]
[[Category:Geography of Mizoram]]
[[Category:Geography of Manipur]]
[[Category:Geography of Kachin State]]

Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests - Revision history

imported>HueMan1: HueMan1 moved page Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rainforest ecoregion to Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests