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'''Miyar Valley''' belongs to the division of [[Western Himalaya]].<ref>Apollo, M. (2017). The population of Himalayan regions – by the numbers: Past, present and future. [In:] R. Efe, M. Öztürk (eds.), Contemporary Studies in Environment and Tourism, Chapter: 9 (pp.143–159). Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=bmPXDgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA145&ots=oKLCNOveUc&sig=0K2GQrOSN9dMCGMPrR3ryj7Adgo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> It is a part of the Lahaul Range, located between [[Pir Panjal]] and [[Zanskar Range]]. The valley is nearly 75 km long and stretches between Udaipur (2649 m) and Kang La Pass (5468 m). More than 50% (568 km²) of area of the Miyar Valley (975.7 km²) is covered in glaciers<ref>Kulkarni, A.V., Rathore, B.P., Singh, S.K., Bahuguna, I.M. (2011). Understanding changes in the Himalayan cryosphere using remote sensing techniques. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 32(3), 601-615.</ref> Kang La at the head of Miyar valley is one of the [[List_of_extreme_points_of_India#Extreme_points|extreme points of India]].

==Administration==
Administratively valley belongs to the district of [[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul and Spiti]] ([[Himachal Pradesh]]). Temperatures and precipitation in the Miyar Valley vary widely. The annual average values are respectively: at the mouth of the valley – Udaipur (2649 m) 9.4°C and 1057 mm; in its middle part – Sucto village (3448 m) 5°C and 605 mm; and in higher parts (alpine and nival level) average annual temperature always stays below 0°C.<ref>Apollo, M. (2017). Environmental impacts of mountaineering (based on selected areas of the Himalayas) (unpublished Ph.D. thesis). http://rep.up.krakow.pl/xmlui/handle/11716/1780</ref>

==Demography==
According to Saini<ref>Saini, R. (2008). Glacier dynamics water resource assessment and landscape evolution in Miyar basin, Lahaul Himalayas, Himachal Pradesh (unpublished Ph.D. thesis). New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University.</ref> the soil cover of the Miyar Valley can be classified into three types: Himalayan Alluvial Soils (Group B), Mountain and Hill Soils, High Altitude Meadow Soil.
The valley is inhabited by Tharanga people which are influenced by Tibetan Buddhism. Only a few hundred people live concentrated in 16 villages – among others in Urgos (226), Tingrat (171), Ghumpa (45) Khanjar (48) and Sucto (37)<ref>Padigala, B., Sen, S., Sharma, M.C., Kraleti, S. (2011). Social Capital and Local Institutions - A Perspective to Assess Communities Adaptation Potential to Climate Change. Ahmedabad: Center For Environmental Planning & Technology.</ref> – excluding Udayapur. Inhabitants are engaged in mainly farming and pasturing.

Due to the belief and influence of Tibetan Buddhism, the population feeds on vegetal products and remaining lacto-vegetarians.<ref>Apollo, M. (2015). The clash–social, environmental and economical changes in tourism destination areas caused by tourism the case of Himalayan villages (India and Nepal). Current Issues of Tourism Research, 5(1), 6-19. http://citr.up.krakow.pl/article/view/2938</ref>

==Economy==
The economy of the valley is dominated by extensive farming. A short period of vegetation (May-September) and low-quality soils make limited production due to poor climatic and soil productivity. Among the main crops are peas, barley, buckwheat, seed potato, and also used in medicine: kuth (''Saussurea lappa'') and mannu (''Inula racemosa''). Agriculture is accompanied by typical pastoralism breeding (sheep, goats) and also mixed pastoralism and [[cattle breeding]] (cows, horses, donkeys).<ref name="dx.doi.org">{{cite journal | last=Apollo, M., Andreychouk, V., Bhattarai, S.S. | title=Short-Term Impacts of Livestock Grazing on Vegetation and Track Formation in a High Mountain Environment: A Case Study from the Himalayan Miyar Valley (India) | journal=Sustainability | publisher=MDPI | volume=10 | issue=4 | date=2018-03-24 | issn=2071-1050 | doi=10.3390/su10040951 | pages=951| doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Tourism==
From few decades, the valley is under the influence of small size tourism.<ref>Apollo, M. (2015). The clash–social, environmental and economical changes in tourism destination areas caused by tourism the case of Himalayan villages (India and Nepal). Current Issues of Tourism Research, 5(1), 6-19. http://citr.up.krakow.pl/article/view/2938</ref><ref>Zoladek, M., Kordowska, M. (2017). Exploration Tourism: Based on Selected Areas. [In:] R. Efe, M. Öztürk (eds.), Contemporary Studies in Environment and Tourism, Chapter: 9 (pp. 1-8). Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=bmPXDgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&ots=oKLIORshXe&sig=F8imD74GNrBHGlihDWbbOMF2egs&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>

Recently [[Mountaineering]] activity is becoming more popular in the valley. For example, in 2012 Michal Apollo, Phil Varley and Marek Zoladek made the first ascent on an unclimbed peak - they named the summit Forgotten Peak.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publications.americanalpineclub.org/articles/13201212301/Forgotten-Peak-5889m-southeast-face-Never-Ending-Story#article_assets|title=Forgotten Peak (5,889m), southeast face, Never Ending Story - AAC Publications - Search The American Alpine Journal and Accidents|website=publications.americanalpineclub.org}}</ref> Still, some of the peaks haven't been climbed yet.

==See also==
* [[List of extreme points of India]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Himachal Pradesh}}

[[Category:Valleys of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Geography of Lahaul and Spiti district]

Miyar Valley - Revision history

imported>Hemant Dabral at 23:44, 6 March 2021