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{{Short description|Indian pilgrimage}}
{{Related|[[Tourism in Mithila]]|[[Sitamarhi Dham Parikrama]]}}

'''Mithila Madhya Parikrama''' ('''मिथिला मध्य परिक्रमा''') is an annual circular journey of the central part of the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] region in [[Nepal]] and [[Bihar]] (India). It is held every year between the months of [[Kartik Purnima|Kartik]] (October–November), [[Falgun]] (February–March) and [[Baishakh]] (April–May). It is mentioned in the epic [[Mithila Mahatmya]] which was composed in the 18th century.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last=Thakur|editor-first=Gajendra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MwQS0d-uNpQC|title=Videha053 Videha Ist Maithili Fortnightly ejournal मानुषीमिह संस्कृताम् ISSN 2229-547X|publisher=Gajendra Thakur|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Jha|first=Makhan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC|title=Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective|date=1997|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-81-7533-034-4|language=en}}</ref> It is also called as the ''Mahakumbha of Mithila.'' Similarly it is also considered as the ''symbol of Nepal-India mutual goodwill''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mithila Parikrama, symbol of Nepal-India mutual goodwill, underway |url=https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/58474 |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal: Madhyamiki Parikrama, the 'Mahakumbha of Mithila' concludes after stop-overs in India |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/nepal-madhyamiki-parikrama-the-mahakumbha-of-mithila-concludes-after-stop-overs-in-india20250314214646/ |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ANI |date=2025-03-14 |title=Nepal: Madhyamiki Parikrama, the 'Mahakumbha of Mithila' concludes after stop-overs in India |url=https://theprint.in/world/nepal-madhyamiki-parikrama-the-mahakumbha-of-mithila-concludes-after-stop-overs-in-india/2548532/ |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=15-day Mithila Madhyamiki Parikrama concludes |url=https://theannapurnaexpress.com/story/48093/ |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=The Annapurna Express |language=Nepali}}</ref> It also symbolizes the "[[Roti-Beti Ka Rishta|roti-beti ka rishta]]" by connecting communities in India and Nepal through a shared cultural and religious heritage related to the legendary marriage between Lord Rama and Goddess Sita in the ancient Mithila Kingdom. Devotees from both nations undertake the pilgrimage, which includes sites in both countries, to reinforce shared traditions and goodwill. It is echoing the historical familial ties that form the basis of this deeply rooted relationship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mithila Parikrama, symbol of Nepal-India mutual goodwill, underway |url=https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/58474 |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref>
[[File:Janaki Mandir, Janakpur Nepal 01.jpg|thumb|[[Janaki Mandir]] in Janakpur where the Mithila Madhya Parikrama concludes]]

[[File:Mithila Bihari Temple.jpg|thumb|[[Mithila Bihari Mandir]] at Kachuri Dham from where the journey of the Mithila Madhya Parikrama starts]]
{{Infobox holiday
| type = Cultural
| holiday_name = Mithila Madhya Parikrama
| official_name = Mithila Madhya Parikrama
| nickname = मिथिला मध्य परिक्रमा
| observedby = Hinduism
| significance = Parikrama of sedans of Mithila Bihari([[Lord Rama]]) and Janaki Kishoriji([[Goddess Sita]])
| celebrations = Spiritual journey of the central part of Mithila
| ends = [[Holi]]
| date = 27 February 2025{{snd}}14 March 2025
| month = Falgun
| duration = 15 days
| frequency = Annual
| begins = [[Falgun]] [[Amavasya]]
}}
== Description ==
According to the third chapter of the epic Mithila Mahatmya there are three [[Hindu calendar]] months [[Kārtika (month)|Kartik]] (कार्तिक), [[Falgun]] (फाल्गुन) and [[Boishakh|Baishakh]] (बैशाख) in which this circular journey can be done. It covers circuit path of 128 km distance between [[India]] and [[Nepal]] both countries. [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] Parikrama is of three types. They are Brihat Mithila Parikrama, Mithila Madhya Parikrama and Antargrih Parikrama. Brihat Mithila Parikrama covers 84 Kosh distance of ancient Indian distance measuring system, so it is also called as Chaurasi Kosh Parikrama (चौरासी कोश परिक्रमा) . It covers area of Mithila near [[Ganges|Ganga river]], [[Gandaki River|Gandak river]], [[Himalayas|Himalaya]] and [[Kosi River|Koshi river]]. It covers very large distance. Mithila Madhya Parikrama is smaller than the Brihat Mithila Parikrama. It starts from [[Kachuri Thera|Kachuri]] village of [[Dhanusha District|Dhanusha]] district of [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] region in Nepal and traveling the part of Mithila region in India, it ends at [[Janaki Mandir]] in [[Janakpur]], [[Nepal]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=csts.org.in|title=श्री मिथिला परिक्रमा: श्री जानकी मंदिर, एक पड़ाव!!|url=http://csts.org.in/blog-details.php?txt=Shri-Maithili-Parikrama--Shri-Janki-Mandir-ek-Padav&csts=9|access-date=2022-01-19|website=csts.org.in|language=en}}</ref> According to the text, it should be travelled within only five days but the [[Pandit]]s of Mithila extended the period of time and determined it for 15 days journey, so that the journey for old and disabled people would be easier. It starts from the day of [[Amavasya]] in the [[Hindu calendar]] month of [[Falgun]] and end on the day of Purnima or the Hindu festival [[Holi]]. On the day of Hindu festival Holi, an internal circumambulation of the holy city of Janakpur is also performed by the travellers which is known as Antargrih Parikrama. It covers approximately 8 km long circular path of the city of Janakpur in Nepal.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jha|first=Makhan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC|title=Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective|date=1997|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-81-7533-034-4|language=en}}</ref> According to sages, it is a world famous circumambulation related to the path of Lord [[Rama]] and Goddess [[Sita]] in the ancient Mithila Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web |title=मिथिला की पारंपरिक 84 कोसी मध्यमा परिक्रमा शुरू |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/madhubani/story-mithila-39-s-traditional-84-kosi-madhyama-parikrama-begins-7796534.html |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=Hindustan |language=hindi}}</ref>

== Related places ==
There are 15 major locations in the pilgrimage circuit of Mithila Madhya Parikrama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=प्रभु श्रीराम के मिथिला आगमन से जुड़ा मध्यमा परिक्रमा का इतिहास, जान‍िए कहां-कहां होती है पर‍िक्रमा |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-history-of-madhyama-parikrama-related-to-the-arrival-of-lord-shri-ram-in-mithila-know-where-the-parikrama-takes-place-22513974.html |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

* [[Kachuri Thera|Kachuri]]: In the early days, the sedan (Dola) of [[Rama|Lord Rama]] used to start journey from Agnikund located in [[Janakpur]], [[Nepal]], for the circumambulation. Agnikund was the place of Yajnsthali of Videha Raj. After the death of Mahant of Agnikund, the Mahant Ram Naresh Sharan of Kachuridham shifted it to the temple [[Mithila Bihari Mandir]] at Kachuridham. Since then the sedan (Dola) of the Lord Rama started coming out of the Mithila Bihari Mandir at Kachuridham. This place is in Nepal.
* Hanumangadhi: After leaving the dola from Kachuridham, it first reaches King [[Janaka]]'s court. From there, devotees take night rest at Hanumangarhi on the first day with Kishoriji's Dola. It is believed that in [[Treta Yuga]], [[Hanuman|Bajrang Bali]] used to guard the gates of [[Janakpur]]dham. Hence this place is known as Hanumangarhi.
* [[File:Kalaneshwar Dham Temple, Madhubani, Bihar,India.jpg|thumb|Kalyaneshwar Sthan, Kalna Village, Madhubani ]][[Kalyaneshwar Mahadev Mandir|Kalyaneshwar Sthan]] is very famous temple near [[Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship|Indo-Nepal]] border in [[Harlakhi Assembly constituency|Harlakhi]] block area. King [[Janaka]] had established [[Kalyaneshwar Mahadev Mandir|Kalyaneshwar Mahadev temple]] at this entrance of ancient [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] Dham. The rest of the second day's journey takes place at this place. The resolution of the journey also takes place at this place.
* [[File:Girija Sthan.jpg|thumb|Girija Sthan]]Girja Sthan [[Phulhar]] is the place where [[Sita]] used to come daily to worship goddess Girja. There was flower garden known as [[Baag Taraag Pushpavatika]] in which Sita and Lord [[Rama]] saw each other for the first time. Hence the name of this place later became [[Phulhar|Fulhar]] (Phulhar).
* [[File:Lakshminarayan Math, Matihani.jpg|thumb|View of [[Lakshminarayan Matha]] at Matihani]][[Matihani, Mahottari|Matihani]] is located on the Indo-Nepal border near [[Madhwapur|Madhwapur block]]. This place is quite famous for Mithila Madhya Parikrama. Soil was brought from this place for Matkor in the marriage ceremony of Mata [[Sita]] and Lord Shri [[Rama]]. Due to this the place got its name Matihani. [[Pancheshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir]] is very famous temple of Lord [[Shiva]] near it. A grand fair is held at the historical [[Parikrama Gachhi]] near the line of [[India–Nepal border|Indo-Nepal International border]], during the journey of the Mithila Madhya Parikrama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=हाथी, घोड़ा व गाजे-बाजे के संग निकाली मां जानकी की डोली यात्रा - Mother Janakichar(39)s Doli Yatra taken out with elephant, horse and musical instruments - Bihar Madhubani General News |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-mother-janakis-doli-yatra-taken-out-with-elephant-horse-and-musical-instruments-22119943.html |access-date=2025-04-27 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>
* [[File:Jaleshwar Mahadev Temple front view.jpg|thumb|Jaleshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir]][[Jaleshwar Mahadev Temple|Jaleshwar Sthan]] is famous for Lord [[Shiva]] temple existing from King [[Janaka]] period in Mithila. It was one of the gate of capital city of [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]].
* Marai Sthan is the place where Marba ( Hut for marriage ceremony in Hinduism) having roof of big dried grass was made for the marriage ceremony of the Lord [[Rama]] and Goddess [[Sita]] in forest of [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]].
* [[Dhruva Kund|Dhurva Kunda]] is located in [[Mahottari District|Mahottari]] district of [[Nepal]]. This place was the Ashram of Maharshi [[Dhruva|Dhurva]]. It is believed that Maharshi [[Dhruva|Dhurva]] was a devotee of Lord [[Vishnu]]. He performed meditation and turned into a [[Celestial spheres|celestial]] body, the brightest [[Pole star|polar star]], "Dhurva-tara". It is said that Lord [[Rama]], [[Lakshmana|Laxmana]] and the sage [[Vishvamitra|Vishwamitra]] paid a visit to Dhurva Kunda during [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] Darshan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=टाइम्स |first=अन्नपूर्ण |date=2023-02-20 |title=Mithila Madhya Parikrama & Holi in Mithila |url=https://annapurnatimes.com/archives/69303 |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=अन्नपूर्ण टाइम्स |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*
* Kanchanvan is the place where Lord [[Rama]] and [[Sita]] played their first [[Holi]] after the marriage in [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]. It is presently located in [[Mahottari District|Mahottari district]] of [[Nepal]].
* [[Chhireshwarnath|Chhireshwar Mahadev]] Mandir is at Parvata village of [[Dhanusha District|Dhanusha district]] of [[Nepal]]. It is believed as the third [[Lingam|Shivalinga]] protecting [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]. It was built by the King [[Janaka]]. It is also known as the meeting point of the five mountains. It is also known as Kshireshwornath.
* [[File:Dhanushadham Govindapur Janakpur Dhanusha Nepal Rajesh Dhungana (9).jpg|thumb|Dhanusha Dham]][[Dhanusadham|Dhanusha]] is believed as the place where the piece of Shiv-Dhanush (bow), named Pinak fell when Rama tried to use the Dhanush in the Sita-Swayambar. It is located near [[Janakpur]] in Nepal.
* Satoshar Sthan is the place related to the [[Saptarishi|Saptrishi]] Ashram in [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]. Saptrishi means group of seven great sage in the ancient times. These seven rishis are Agastya, Atri, Bhardwaja, Gautama, Jamadagni, Vashistha, and Vishvamitra. At this ashram the seven sages had met for their philosophical conferences.There is a temple of Lord [[Shiva]] known as Satohar Sthan Mahadev Mandir. It is also located in Mithila part of [[Nepal]].
* [[Karuna Gaon|Karuna]] is a village in [[Madhubani district]] of [[Bihar]] in [[India]]. In [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]], a daughter is offered water to drink before she leaves for the groom's place and it is believed that [[Sita]] was offered water at karuna village.
* [[Vishwamitra Ashram, Bisaul|Vishwamitra Ashram]] at [[Bisaul|Visaul]] is the ashram of the Indian sage [[Vishvamitra|Vishwamitra]] in [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]. It is believed that the Ashram was built by the King [[Janaka]] for the accommodation of the sage Vishwamitra in Mithila. In this ashram there is a [[Lingam|Shivling]] having four faces around it. The period of the shivling is estimated as of the 9th century.
* [[File:Janki Mandir of Janakpur Dham(Nepal).jpg|thumb|Janaki Mandir, Janakpur]][[Janakpur|Janakpur Dham]] is believed as the capital city of King Sreedhwaja [[Janaka]] in Mithila Kingdom.

==See also==

* [[Ram Janmabhoomi]], Rama's birthplace
* [[Janakpur Dham]], Sita's birthplace in Nepal
* [[Punaura Dham]], Sita's birthplace in India
* [[Krishna Janmasthan Temple Complex]], Krishna's birthplace
* [[Kundinapuri]], Rukmini's birthplace
* [[Kaundinyapur]], near Nagpur and associated with Rukmini's birthplace Kundinapuri
* [[Raval, Uttar Pradesh]], Radha's birthplace
* [[Parikrama]]
* [[Sitamarhi Dham Parikrama]]
* [[Yatra]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Ramayana]]
[[Category:Culture of Mithila]]
[[Category:Places in the Ramayana]]

Mithila Madhya Parikrama - Revision history

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