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{{distinguish|Dewan Mokham Chand}}
[[File:Fort Qasim.jpg|thumb|Multan Fort, Qasim Gate visible center-right.]]
'''Misr Diwan Chand''' was a notable officer of [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]'s reign. He rose from petty clerk to the chief of artillery and commander-in-chief of the armies that conquered [[Multan]] and [[Kashmir]].<ref name=":0">Punjab History Conference, Thirty-ninth session, March 16–18, 2007: proceedings, Navtej Singh, Punjabi University. Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies</ref>He was a notable pillar of the state.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Sufi|first1=G. M. D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0jVuAAAAMAAJ&q=Misr+Diwan+Chand&dq=Misr+Diwan+Chand|title=Kashmīr, being a history of Kashmir from the earliest times to our own|last2=Sūfī|first2=Ghulām Muhyi'd Dīn|date=1974|publisher=Light & Life Publishers|language=en}}</ref> Diwan Chand was the son of a [[Brahmin]] shopkeeper of [[Gondlanwala, Gujranwala|Gondlanwala]] village (in present-day [[Pakistan]])<ref>{{cite book |author=Harjinder Singh Dilgeer |author-link=Harjinder Singh Dilgeer |title=The Sikh Reference Book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mRpuAAAAMAAJ |year=1997 |publisher=Sikh Educational Trust for Sikh University Centre |location=Denmark |isbn=978-0-9695964-2-4 |page=373 }}</ref>.Diwan Chand was honoured with the title of Zafar Jang Bahadur—Brave Victor of Battles from [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Sufi|first1=G. M. D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0jVuAAAAMAAJ&q=Misr+Diwan+Chand&dq=Misr+Diwan+Chand|title=Kashmīr, being a history of Kashmir from the earliest times to our own|last2=Sūfī|first2=Ghulām Muhyi'd Dīn|date=1974|publisher=Light & Life Publishers|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Khushwant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dnx_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT142&dq=Misr+Diwan+Chand#q=Misr%20Diwan%20Chand|title=Ranjit Singh: Maharaja of the Punjab|date=2017-04-18|publisher=Random House Publishers India Pvt. Limited|isbn=978-93-5118-102-6|language=en}}</ref> Diwan Chand captured [[Multan]] in 1818.<ref name="KR_2011">{{cite book|author=Kaushik Roy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n8GsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT262|title=War, Culture and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740-1849|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2011|isbn=978-1-136-79086-7|pages=262–}}</ref> In 1819, he led an expedition to [[Shupiyan]] in Kashmir region, along with Ranjit Singh's son [[Kharak Singh]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: P-Z |editor=Tony Jaques |year=2007 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=9780313335396 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tW_eEVbVxpEC&pg=PA938 |page=938 |accessdate=2015-09-14}}</ref>

[[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] had a great regard for the general. Once at [[Amritsar]], the Maharaja had purchased a very precious [[hookah]] from a Hindustani merchant, although this was against the injunctions of his own religion. He presented the hookah to Misr Diwan Chand to mark the high esteem in which he was held by the Maharaja. Permission was also given to him to smoke.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Gulcharan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_TxuAAAAMAAJ&q=Misr+Diwan+Chand&dq=Misr+Diwan+Chand|title=Ranjit Singh and his generals|date=1976|publisher=Sujlana Publishers|language=en}}</ref>

The contribution of Misr Dewan Chand in the making of the Maharaja's empire has also been under-estimated by British historians who have described him as a “hookah-smoking general'<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Khullar|first=K. K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zoMeAAAAMAAJ&q=Misr+Diwan+Chand+and+hookah&dq=Misr+Diwan+Chand+and+hookah|title=Maharaja Ranjit Singh|date=1980|publisher=Hem Publishers|language=en}}</ref>.It is a fact that Maharaja had once presented him a hookah himself.<ref name=":1" />

He was a great warrior and general who achieved the title of ''Fateh-o-Nusrat-Nasib'' (one who never loses in war) from [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] himself and made him Governor of Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPI7AQAAIAAJ&q=Misr+Diwan+Chand&dq=Misr+Diwan+Chand|title=Panjab University Research Bulletin: Arts|date=1990|publisher=The University|language=en}}</ref>

Misr Diwan Chand was the Commander-in-Chief of Khalsa Army from 1817 to 1825. He was a pillar on whose back the powerful Sikh kingdom arose. <ref name=":0" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:People of the Sikh Empire]]
[[Category:History of Punjab]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]

Misr Diwan Chand - Revision history

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