>Sayyid Mir Israfil at 09:57, 9 May 2021

2021-05-09T09:57:09Z

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{{Other people|Mazhar}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox saint
|honorific_prefix = [[Naqib al-ashraf|Sayyid ul Sadaat]]
| era =

| image =
| caption =


| name = '''Mirzā Mazhar Jān-i Jānān''' |
|titles = Sayyid ul Sadaat, Qutb ul Aqtab, Sayyid Shuhadaa<ref>https://www.islamandihsan.com/who-is-mirza-mazhar-jan-e-janaan.html</ref><ref>https://aalequtub.com/hazrat-mirza-jan-i-janaa-mazhar-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87/</ref><ref>http://maktabah.org/blog/?p=776</ref><ref>Khtame Ziarate Sharife hazrat eshan Bukhari(written and investigated by Mian Ahmad Bader Akhlaq(BSC)) printed the second time in 1988 Writer and inspector Mian Muhammad Hasan Akhlaq(M.Km) 1988 company: Koperatis Lahore</ref><ref>Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator:Muhammad Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore)</ref>
| birth_date = 11th [[Ramadan]], 1111 A.H/ 13 March 1699
| birth_place = [[Mughal Empire]]
| death_date = 10th Muharram, 1195 A.H/ 6 January 1781 (aged 81)
| death_place =
| influences = [[Bahauddin Naqshband]], [[Hazrat Ishaan]], [[Ahmad Sirhindi]], [[Abu Hanifa]], [[Twelve Imams]]
| influenced = [[Shah Ghulam Ali Dahlavi]], [[Qadi Thanaullah Panipati]], Shah Waliullah, [[Ibn Abidin]], [[Sayyid Mir Jan]]
}}
{{Sufism|Sufis}}
'''Sayyid ul Sadaat Mirzā Mazhar Jān-i Jānān al-Hasani wal-Husseini'''<ref>https://www.islamandihsan.com/who-is-mirza-mazhar-jan-e-janaan.html</ref><ref>https://aalequtub.com/hazrat-mirza-jan-i-janaa-mazhar-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87/</ref><ref>http://maktabah.org/blog/?p=776</ref><ref>Khtame Ziarate Sharife hazrat eshan Bukhari(written and investigated by Mian Ahmad Bader Akhlaq(BSC)) printed the second time in 1988 Writer and inspector Mian Muhammad Hasan Akhlaq(M.Km) 1988 company: Koperatis Lahore</ref><ref>Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator:Muhammad Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore)</ref> ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|مرزا مظہر جانِ جاناں}}}}), also known by his [[laqab]] '''Shamsuddīn Habībullāh''' (1699–1781), was a renowned [[Hanafi]] [[Maturidi]] [[Naqshbandi|Naqshbandī]] [[Sufi]] poet of [[Delhi]], distinguished as one of the "four pillars of [[Urdu]] poetry."<ref name="His Messenger 1985">And Muhammad is His Messenger: The Veneration of the Prophet in Islamic piety, by Annemarie Schimmel (Chappel hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1985)</ref> He was also known to his contemporaries as the ''sunnītarāsh'', "Sunnicizer", for his absolute, unflinching commitment to and imitation of the [[Sunnah]].<ref name="His Messenger 1985"/>

He established the Naqshbandī suborder Mazhariyya Shamsiyya.

==Birth and early life==
The date of birth is variously given as 1111 or 1113 A.H, and it took place in [[Kala Bagh|Kālā Bāgh]], [[Malwa|Mālwa]]. [[Muhammad Tahir|Shaikh Muhammad Tahir Bakhshi]] notes his date of birth as 11th [[Ramadan]] 1111 AH.<ref name=jalwa/> He was born into a noble family of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Alid]] extraction, meaning that he was a [[Sayyid]].<ref>https://www.islamandihsan.com/who-is-mirza-mazhar-jan-e-janaan.html</ref><ref>https://aalequtub.com/hazrat-mirza-jan-i-janaa-mazhar-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87/</ref><ref>http://maktabah.org/blog/?p=776</ref><ref>Khtame Ziarate Sharife hazrat eshan Bukhari(written and investigated by Mian Ahmad Bader Akhlaq(BSC)) printed the second time in 1988 Writer and inspector Mian Muhammad Hasan Akhlaq(M.Km) 1988 company: Koperatis Lahore</ref><ref>Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator:Muhammad Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore)</ref><ref>{{EI3|last=Weismann|first=Itzchak|title=Jān-i Jānān, Maẓhar|year=2019|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_32746}}</ref> His father Mirzā Jān was employed in the army of the mighty Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]]. Following a custom according to which the Emperor had the right to name the sons of his officers, Aurangzeb is reported to have said:<ref name="Y. Friedmann 1975">Medieval Muslim views of Indian religion, Y. Friedmann, JOAS 95, 1975.</ref>

<blockquote>"A son is the soul of his father. Since the name of his father is Mirzā Jān, the name of the son will be Jān-i Jānān."</blockquote>

His early religious instruction was entrusted to ''hājjī'' Afzal Siyālkōtī ([[hadith]]) and ''hāfiz'' Abd al-Rasūl Dihlawī ([[Qur'an]]). At the age of 18, he joined the Naqshbandī order under Nūr Muhammad Bada'ūni, who was closely connected to the teachings of Shaykh [[Ahmad Sirhindi|Ahmad Sirhindī]], and completed his studies in four years. He was also initiated in the Qādirī, Chishtī and Suhrawardī orders.<ref name="Y. Friedmann 1975"/>

In his prime, Mazhar was advised to write poetry in [[Urdu]] rather than [[Persian language|Persian]] as the days of the latter language were said to be numbered in India. Besides authoring poetry and polemics, Mazhar also wrote a large number of letters relating to Sufi thought and practice.

==Legacy and influence==

Among his 'disciples' or [[Murid]]īn was the great [[Hanafi|Hanafī]] scholar, [[Qadi ThanaUllah Panipati|Qādī Thanāullāh Panipatī]], who wrote a famous [[Tafsir]] of the Qur'an by the name Tafsir-i Mazharī, which he named after his teacher. Also in his spiritual lineage ([[silsila]]) came the great Hanafī jurist Imam [[Ibn Abidin|Ibn 'Abidīn]] and the Qur'an exegete Allāma Alusī.

His Naqshbandī lineage came to be known as Mazhariyya Shamsiyya. Mazhar apparently authorised more disciples than any of his predecessors. He regularly corresponded with his deputies, and his letters form much of the basis of our knowledge about his life and ideas.<ref name="The Naqshbandiyya 2007">The Naqshbandiyya: orthodoxy and activism in a worldwide Sufi tradition, Itzchak Weismann, Routledge, 2007.</ref>

He was succeeded by his khalifa (deputy) Abdullah alias Shah Ghulam Ali Dahlavi, who is considered [[Mujaddid]] of the 13th Islamic century by most [[Naqshbandi]] followers today. His tariqah spread to whole India and Middle East.

Mirza Mazhar Jani Janan was the highest authority of the Sayyids in India during his time. His followers hence honor him with the title "[[Naqib al-ashraf|Sayyid ul Sadaat]]" or "Mir Miran", meaning the supervisor of the [[Sayyids]], which is comparable to the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] title of the [[Naqib al-ashraf]].<ref>https://www.islamandihsan.com/who-is-mirza-mazhar-jan-e-janaan.html</ref><ref>https://aalequtub.com/hazrat-mirza-jan-i-janaa-mazhar-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87/</ref><ref>http://maktabah.org/blog/?p=776</ref><ref>Khtame Ziarate Sharife hazrat eshan Bukhari(written and investigated by Mian Ahmad Bader Akhlaq(BSC)) printed the second time in 1988 Writer and inspector Mian Muhammad Hasan Akhlaq(M.Km) 1988 company: Koperatis Lahore</ref><ref>Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator:Muhammad Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore)</ref>

==Death==
Mirzā Mazhar was shot and seriously injured on the 7th of Muharram, of the year 1195 AH/1780 CE. The author of Āb-i Ḥayāt writes:<ref>ĀB-E ḤAYĀT: Shaping the Canon of Urdu Poetry MUḤAMMAD ḤUSAIN ĀZĀD translated and edited by Frances W. Pritchett in association with Shamsur Rahman Faruqi: http://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/PK2155.H8413/123141d3.html</ref>

<blockquote>"The cause of this murder was widely rumored in Delhi among high and low: that according to custom, on the seventh day [of Muḥarram], the standards were carried aloft [in procession]. Mirzā Mazhar sat by the side of the road in the upper veranda of his house, with some of his special disciples. Just as ordinary barbarous people do, his [Sunni] group and the [Shia] procession group may perhaps have hurled some insults and abuse, and some barbarous person was offended. Among them was one stony-hearted person named Faulād [=steel] Ḳhān, who was extremely barbarous. He did this evil deed. But Ḥakīm Qudratullāh Ḳhān 'Qāsim', in his anthology, says that in his poetry Mirzā Sahib used to compose a number of verses in praise of Hazrat ʿAlī, and some Sunni took this amiss and did this evil deed.</blockquote>

The author of Āb-i Ḥayāt, a determined [[Shi'a]], has been suspected of indulging in partisan religious bias. Professor Frances Pritchett has noted that the latter account of the death of Mirzā Mazhar in Āb-i Ḥayāt is a deliberate distortion.<ref>Nets of awareness: Urdu poets and its critics, Frances W. Pritchett</ref> Professor Friedmann, as well as Annemarie Schimmel and Itzchad Weismann, have all noted that Mirzā Mazhar was killed by a Shi'ite zealot.<ref name="His Messenger 1985"/><ref name="Y. Friedmann 1975"/><ref name="The Naqshbandiyya 2007"/>

Most of his Urdu biographers have also written that he was killed by a gunshot by a Shi'ite on 7th Muharram, and he died on 10th Muharram 1195 AH.<ref name="jalwa">Jalwa Gah-e-Dost (Urdu) 2nd edition (2008) by [[Muhammad Tahir]] Bakhshi Naqshbandi: {{cite web |url=http://urdu.islahulmuslimeen.org/urdu/books/jalwagah/h30.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-07-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726194819/http://urdu.islahulmuslimeen.org/urdu/books/jalwagah/h30.htm |archive-date=26 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Spiritual Chain of Succession==
{{main|Golden Chain (Naqshbandi)|Naqshbandi-Haqqani Golden Chain|Naqshbandi Tahiri Golden Chain|Naqshbandi Hussaini Golden Chain}}

Mirza Mazhar belonged to the [[Mujaddidi]] order of [[Sufism]], which is the main branch of [[Naqshbandi]] Sufi tariqah. His spiritual lineage goes through Shaikh [[Ahmad Sirhindi]], the [[Mujaddid]] of eleventh [[Islamic calendar|Hijri]] century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.islahulmuslimeen.org/golden_chain.asp |access-date=14 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124033432/http://islahulmuslimeen.org/golden_chain.asp |archive-date=24 November 2010 }}</ref>

==Khulafa==
In Maqamat Mazhari, his foremost Khalifa and successor Shah Ghulam Ali Dahlwai writes short biographies of many of his Khulafa (deputies). Among them were:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maktabah.org/index.php/biography/sufi-shaikhs/889.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-07-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013160113/http://www.maktabah.org/index.php/biography/sufi-shaikhs/889.html |archive-date=13 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

# [[Qadi Thanaullah Panipati]], author of [[Tafsir Mazhari]] and other notable Islamic books, descendant of [[Uthman ibn Affan|Usman]] the third caliph of Islam
# Mawlana FadalUllah, elder brother of [[Qadi Thanaullah Panipati]]
# Mawlana AhmadUllah, eldest son of [[Qadi Thanaullah Panipati]], famous for his braveness and fighting skills
# Wife of [[Qadi Thanaullah Panipati]]
# Shah Naim Ullah Bahraichi, author of Mamoolaat-e- Mazhariya, Basharaat-e- Mazhariya (Hand written copy in [[British Museum]] India office [[London]].
# [[Maulvi family|Maulvi Kalim Faruqi]], scholar of Hadith and founder of the Maulvi family in Sylhet
[[File:NaimUllah Shah Naqshbandi Bahraichi.jpg|thumb]]
)

==See also==
*[[Urdu poetry]]
*[[List of Urdu language poets]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100722121648/http://www.maktabah.org/index.php/biography/sufi-shaikhs/889-maqamat-e-mazhari-urdu-biography-of-hazrat-mirza-mazhar-jan-e-janan.html Maqamat Mazhari (Urdu translation): Biography of Mirza Mazhar]

{{Hanafi scholars}}
{{Maturidi}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mirza Mazhar Jan-E-Janaan}}
[[Category:Urdu-language poets from India]]
[[Category:Sufi poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Sunni Sufis]]
[[Category:Naqshbandi order]]
[[Category:Ziyarat]]
[[Category:Dargahs in India]]
[[Category:18th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Indian Sufis]]
[[Category:Indian people of Afghan descent]]
[[Category:Poets from Delhi]]
[[Category:Hanafis]]
[[Category:Maturidis]]
[[Category:1699 births]]
[[Category:1781 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century Urdu-language writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language writers from British India]]
[[Category:Urdu-language writers from Mughal India]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:18th-century male writers]]

Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan - Revision history

>Sayyid Mir Israfil at 09:57, 9 May 2021