EulaMatos4236 at 13:34, 23 December 2025

2025-12-23T13:34:49Z

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{{Short description|18th-century Urdu and Persian author}}

'''Mirza Muhammad Hasan Qatīl''' ({{langx|Ur|مرزا محمد حسن قتیل}}; {{circa|1758}}–1818) was an 18th-century [[Urdu]] and [[Persian language|Persian]]-language poet and author.

==Biography==
Mirza Qatīl was born in 1758 as Diwani Singh into a Punjabi [[Khatri]] family in [[Delhi]]. His family hailed from the city of [[Batala]] in [[Punjab]]; his father Dargahi Mal had migrated from Punjab to Delhi and took service under a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] noble Hidayat Ali Khan as a ''[[munshi|munshī]]'', with an annual salary of 1000 rupees.{{sfnp|Alam|Subrahmanyam|2010|pages=416–417}}

Like other Khatri families of his age, Qatīl had his early education in Persian and Urdu. Under the influence of his tutor, Mirza Baqir Shahid Isfahani, he converted to [[Twelver Shia Islam|Twelver Shi'a Islam]] at the age of 18.{{sfnp|Pellò|2016|p=206}} He travelled widely in the countries of [[Iraq]] and [[Iran]], and after returning to Delhi, spent a few years in the army of [[Mirza Najaf Khan]]. After the death of Najaf Khan he moved to [[Lucknow]] in 1784 where he became an established poet and [[philologist]]. Except for a brief time he spent at the court of [[Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung III|Imad-ul-Mulk Feroz Jang III]] in [[Kalpi]], Qatīl remained in Lucknow until his death in 1817, and was buried in [[Qaisar Bagh]], Lucknow.{{sfnp|Pellò|2016|p=206}}{{sfnp|Hadi|1995|p=490}}

==Works==
Qatīl was a prolific author and a [[polyglot]], writing in Persian and Urdu as well as in [[Turkic languages|Turkish]] and [[Arabic]]. He became a leading poet of Persian and Urdu in Lucknow during his lifetime. However, his fame rests mainly on his scholarly works in prose. His major works include:{{sfnp|Alam|Subrahmanyam|2010|pages=418–419}}{{sfnp|Pellò|2016|pp=206–209}}
* ''Chahār sharbat'', a Persian grammar
* ''Ma'dan al-Fawā'id'', a collection of his letters by his pupil Khwaja Imam al-Din Imami
* His Persian [[Diwan (poetry)|Divān]]
* ''Ṣubḥ-i bahār'', a collection of [[Mathnavi]]s,
* ''Haft tamāshā'', a work on the [[ethnography]] of people of Indian subcontinent
* ''Maz̤har al-‘ajā’ib'', a collection of poetic tropes
* ''Shajarat al-amānī'' and ''Nahr al-faṣāḥat'', works on Persian grammar and [[rhetoric]]
* ''Samar al-Badā’i’'' and ''Hadīqat al-insha’'', works on [[Insha]] (letters)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{Cite book |last=Pellò |first=Stefano |chapter-url=http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/libri/978-88-6969-101-0/a-linguistic-conversion/ |chapter=A Linguistic Conversion: Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥasan Qatīl and the Varieties of Persian (ca. 1790) |date=2016 |title=Borders: Itineraries on the Edges of Iran|isbn=978-88-6969-100-3 |language= |doi=10.14277/6969-100-3/eur-5-9|location=Italy | publisher=[[Ca' Foscari University of Venice]]|pages=203–240}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Alam |first1=Muzaffar |author-link=Muzaffar Alam |last2=Subrahmanyam |first2=Sanjay |author-link2=Sanjay Subrahmanyam |date=2010 |title=Witnesses and Agents of Empire: Eighteenth-Century Historiography and the World of the Mughal Munshī |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25651223 |journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient |publisher=Brill |volume=53 |issue=1/2 |pages=393–423 |jstor=25651223 |issn=0022-4995}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Hadi |first=Nabi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qjJmzdJFOHwC&pg=PA490 |title=Qatīl, Mirzā Muhammad Hasan|encyclopedia= Dictionary of Indo-Persian Literature |date=1995 |publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts |isbn=978-81-7017-311-3 |pages= |language=en}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Qatil, Mirza Hasan}}
[[Category:1818 deaths]]
[[Category:Urdu-language poets]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Converts to Islam from Hinduism]]

Mirza Hasan Qatil - Revision history

EulaMatos4236 at 13:34, 23 December 2025