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	'''Mirza Muhammad Hadi Ruswa''' ~~({{lang-ur\|{{nq\|مِرزا محمد ہادی رُسوا}}}}~~ (1857 – 21 October 1931) was an [[Urdu]] poet and writer of fiction, plays, and treatises (mainly on religion, philosophy, and [[astronomy]]). He served on the [[Nawab of Awadh]]'s advisory board on language matters for many years. He spoke many languages including [[Urdu language\|Urdu]], [[Greek language\|Greek]], and English.		'''Mirza Muhammad Hadi Ruswa''' (1857 – 21 October 1931) was an [[Urdu]] poet and writer of fiction, plays, and treatises (mainly on religion, philosophy, and [[astronomy]]). He served on the [[Nawab of Awadh]]'s advisory board on language matters for many years. He spoke many languages including [[Urdu language\|Urdu]], [[Greek language\|Greek]], and English.

	His famed Urdu novel, ''[[Umrao Jan Ada]]'', published in 1905, is considered by many as the first Urdu novel. It is based on the life of a renowned [[Lucknow]] courtesan and poet of the same name.		His famed Urdu novel, ''[[Umrao Jan Ada]]'', published in 1905, is considered by many as the first Urdu novel. It is based on the life of a renowned [[Lucknow]] courtesan and poet of the same name.

	==Life==		==Life==
	In 1857, Ruswa was born at [[Lucknow]]. After completing his education at [[Thomson Engineering School]], Ruswa spent the majority of his career in education. Apart from his teaching positions, Ruswa worked as a civil servant and as a railroad worker. On October 21, 1931, Ruswa died in [[Osmania]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Ruswa \|first1=Mirza Mohammad Had \|title=Umrao Jan Ada: The Courtesan of Lucknow \|date=2005 \|publisher=Orient Paperbacks \|location=Delhi and Hyderabad \|isbn=9788122203936 \|pages=~~11-12~~ \|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=9e5LeQa3b5sC \|access-date=27 May 2021}}</ref>		In 1857, Ruswa was born at [[Lucknow]]. After completing his education at [[Thomson Engineering School]], Ruswa spent the majority of his career in education. Apart from his teaching positions, Ruswa worked as a civil servant and as a railroad worker. On October 21, 1931, Ruswa died in [[Osmania]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Ruswa \|first1=Mirza Mohammad Had \|title=Umrao Jan Ada: The Courtesan of Lucknow \|date=2005 \|publisher=Orient Paperbacks \|location=Delhi and Hyderabad \|isbn=9788122203936 \|pages=11–12 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9e5LeQa3b5sC \|access-date=27 May 2021}}</ref>

	==Writing career==		==Writing career==

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{{Short description|Urdu poet and writer}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
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{{original research|date=November 2016}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2018}}
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{{Infobox writer/Wikidata
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'''Mirza Muhammad Hadi Ruswa''' ({{lang-ur|{{nq|مِرزا محمد ہادی رُسوا}}}} (1857 – 21 October 1931) was an [[Urdu]] poet and writer of fiction, plays, and treatises (mainly on religion, philosophy, and [[astronomy]]). He served on the [[Nawab of Awadh]]'s advisory board on language matters for many years. He spoke many languages including [[Urdu language|Urdu]], [[Greek language|Greek]], and English.

His famed Urdu novel, ''[[Umrao Jan Ada]]'', published in 1905, is considered by many as the first Urdu novel. It is based on the life of a renowned [[Lucknow]] courtesan and poet of the same name.

==Life==
In 1857, Ruswa was born at [[Lucknow]]. After completing his education at [[Thomson Engineering School]], Ruswa spent the majority of his career in education. Apart from his teaching positions, Ruswa worked as a civil servant and as a railroad worker. On October 21, 1931, Ruswa died in [[Osmania]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ruswa |first1=Mirza Mohammad Had |title=Umrao Jan Ada: The Courtesan of Lucknow |date=2005 |publisher=Orient Paperbacks |location=Delhi and Hyderabad |isbn=9788122203936 |pages=11-12 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=9e5LeQa3b5sC |access-date=27 May 2021}}</ref>

==Writing career==
In 1887, Ruswa began his literary career with a poetry adaption of ''[[Laila and Majnoon|Laila-Majnu]]''. During the early 1900s, Ruswa released ''[[Afshai Raz]]'' and ''[[Umrao Jan Ada]]''. Following ''[[Zat-e-Shareef]]'' and ''[[Shareef Zada]]'', Ruswa also released ''[[Akhtari Begum]]''. Apart from poems, Ruswa wrote [[penny dreadfuls]] and religious works about [[Shia]].<ref>Ruswa 2005, pp. 13-14</ref>

==Bibliography==
* Umrao Jaan Ada, 2003, Publisher: [[Sang-e-Meel Publications|Sang-e-Meel]]. {{ISBN|969-35-0674-X}}.<ref>[http://www.dukandar.com/umraojaan.html Umrao Jaan Ada] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207111122/http://www.dukandar.com/umraojaan.html |date=7 February 2008 }} books at dukandar</ref>

==Further reading==
* ''The Courtesan of Lucknow'' (Umrao Jan Ada), ([[UNESCO Collection of Representative Works]]). Hind Pocket Books, 1970.
* ''Hasan Shah''. The Nautch Girl: A Novel. Translated by Qurratulain Hyder. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1992.<ref>[http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/British/Umrao.html The Courtesan and the Indian Novel] sscnet.ucla, History/Politics</ref>
* Umrao Jan Ada. Translated by David Matthews. New Delhi, Rupa and Co., 2006. {{ISBN|81-7167-311-2}}.
* Umrad Jan Ada, Translated K. Singh (English). Orient Paperbacks, 2005. {{ISBN|81-222-0393-0}}. 
* Umrao Jan Ada, Translated [[Khushwant Singh]] (English). 2006. Disha Books. {{ISBN|81-250-1593-0}}.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/umraojan/harmonization.html Urdu text of Mirza Hadi Ruswa's Umrao Jaan Ada, 1899]

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ruswa, Mirza Hadi}}
[[Category:Urdu-language poets]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Urdu-language novelists]]
[[Category:1857 births]]
[[Category:1931 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Writers from Lucknow]]
[[Category:Urdu-language fiction writers]]

Mirza Hadi Ruswa - Revision history

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