->Kautilya3: Spelling/grammar/punctuation/typographical correction

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Spelling/grammar/punctuation/typographical correction

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{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|image = Beg sahib.jpg
|caption = Mirza Afzal Beg
|office1 = [[Deputy Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]]
|term1 = 1974-1977
|office2 = [[Revenue]] [[Minister (government) |Minister]]
|term2 = 1948-1953
|office3 = [[Cabinet Minister]]
|term3 = 1951-1953
|office4 = Member of [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly]]
|term5 = 1974-1977
|constituency5 = [[Anantnag (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]
|term6 = 1977-1982
|constituency6 = [[Anantnag (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]
|office7 = [[President (corporate title) |President]] and [[Organizational founder|Founder]] of [[All Jammu and Kashmir Plebiscite Front]]
|term7 = 1955-1975
|office8 = [[Cabinet Minister]] for Public Works (PWD) of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) |Princely State of J&K]]
|term8 = 1942-1946
|office9 = Member of [[Constituent Assembly of India]] and [[Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir]]
}}

'''Mirza Mohammad Afzal Beg''' (1908–1982) was a [[Kashmir]]i politician belonging to the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]. He served as a minister in the pre-independence period in the [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|princely state]] of Jammu and Kashmir, and as the revenue minister in the post-independence government headed by [[Sheikh Abdullah]]. In this post he led the land reforms in Jammu andn Kashmir, recognised as the most successful land reforms in India.

After the dismissal of Sheikh Abdullah government in 1953, Beg was incarcerated along with Abdullah and charged in the [[Kashmir Conspiracy Case]]. Beg founded a new party called the [[All Jammu and Kashmir Plebiscite Front|Plebiscite Front]], demanding that Kashmir's accession to India should be decided by a plebiscite. In 1974, he paved the way for Abdullah's rehabilitation by negotiating with the Indian government, leading to the [[1974 Indira-Sheikh accord]].<ref>
{{Cite web|url=http://www.kashmirtimes.in/newsdet.aspx?q=18218|title=J&K on threshold of Socio Economic Transformation: Rather - Kashmir Times|website=www.kashmirtimes.in}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web |url=http://kashmirreader.com/07042012-ND-a-closed-chapter-1149.aspx |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-02-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203071133/http://kashmirreader.com/07042012-ND-a-closed-chapter-1149.aspx |archivedate=2014-02-03 }}
</ref>
Plebiscite Front was then transformed into the present day [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]].
Beg served as the Deputy Chief Minister in the next government headed by Sheikh Abdullah. In 1978, Abdullah expelled him from the National Conference alleging him of causing defections.<ref name="India Today"/><ref name="Rekha Chowdhary" />

== Early life ==
Afzal Beg hailed from [[Anantnag]] and was the son of mirza Nizamudin Beg, brother of Mirza Ghulam Qadir Beg and nephew of the landlord, Mirza Ghulam Mohammad Beg, of Anantnag. He graduated from [[Sri Pratap College]], Sri Nagar and studied law at [[Aligarh Muslim University]].<ref name=Personalities>
{{Cite book |title=Personalities: A Comprehensive and Authentic Biographical Dictionary of Men who Matter in India [Northern India and Parliament] |date=1950 |publisher=Arunam & Sheel |page=9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y40MAAAAYAAJ&q=Mirza+Mohammad+Afzal+Beg+%22aligarh%22}}
</ref>

== Career ==
=== Princely state ===
Beg joined Sheikh Abdullah's [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|Muslim Conference]] from its inception.<ref name=Fotedar>{{citation |last=Fotedar |first=M.L. |title=The Chinar Leaves: A Political Memoir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SyVMDQAAQBAJ&PT10 |year=2015 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India |ISBN=978-93-5177-477-8 |p=10}}</ref> In 1934 elections, he was elected to the [[Jammu and Kashmir Praja Sabha|Praja Sabha]] and served as the deputy leader of the parliamentary party.{{sfnp|Hussain, Sheikh Abdullah - A Biography|2016|p=248}} In 1937–38, after [[Gopalaswami Ayyangar]] became the prime minister of the state, Afzal Beg and Girdhari Lal Dogra were appointed as cabinet ministers.<ref name=Fotedar/>

Soon after the 1938 election, Sheikh Abdullah, along with other members, launched an initiative to transform the Muslim Conference into an inclusive nationalist party, to be called the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]].{{sfnp|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|pp=60–61}}{{efn|In Indian terminology, inclusive nationalism tends to be called "secularism".}} The Muslim nationalist members, including [[Choudhry Ghulam Abbas]], opposed the move.{{sfnp|Parashar, Kashmir and the Freedom Movement|2004|p=115}} Afzal Beg is said to have counselled caution, fearing a vertical division of the party.{{sfnp|Parashar, Kashmir and the Freedom Movement|2004|p=115}} Despite the apprehensions, the special session of the party convened in June 1939, overwhelmingly passed a resolution transforming itself into National Conference.{{sfnp|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|pp=61–62}}

In 1944, Beg was appointed as a cabinet minister again and given the charge of Public Works and Municipalities.{{sfnp|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=68}} In March 1946, after Pandit [[Ram Chandra Kak]] was appointed as the prime minister, the National Conference pulled out of the government and launched its [[Quit Kashmir]] movement. Beg stepped down from his ministerial post for this development.{{sfnp|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012|p=68}} He was arrested for taking part in the movement.

=== Indian state ===
{{expand section|date=November 2020}}
He was part of the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] and [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].

=== Plebisite Front ===
{{expand section|date=January 2022}}

=== Return to government ===
{{expand section|date=January 2022}}

In 1978, Beg was expelled from the [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|National Conference]] party by Sheikh Abdullah, on allegations of causing party defections. Abdullah then groomed his own son [[Farooq Abdullah]] as his successor.<ref name="India Today">
[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/signposts/story/19781015-deputy-cm-of-j-k-mirza-afzal-beg-resigns-from-state-council-of-ministers-818650-2015-02-17 Deputy CM of J&K Mirza Afzal Beg resigns from state council of ministers], India Today, 15 October 1978.
</ref><ref name="Rekha Chowdhary">
{{citation |first=Rekha |last=Chowdhary |title=Jammu and Kashmir: Politics of Identity and Separatism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-2oCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA43 |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-41405-6 |page=43}}
</ref>

== Death ==
Mirza Afzal Beg died on 11 June 1982. He is survived by three sons and three daughters. His son [[Mirza Mehboob Beg]] is also a politician in the state.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{citation |last=Das Gupta |first=Jyoti Bhusan |title=Jammu and Kashmir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dpTpCAAAQBAJ |date=2012 |origyear=first published 1968 |publisher=Springer |ISBN=978-94-011-9231-6 |ref={{sfnref|Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir|2012}}}}
* {{citation |last=Hussain |first=Syed Taffazull |title=Sheikh Abdullah-A Biography: The Crucial Period 1905-1939. 2016 Edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7RwFAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA266 |year=2016 |publisher=Syed Taffazull Hussain |ISBN=978-1-60481-603-7 |ref={{sfnref|Hussain, Sheikh Abdullah - A Biography|2016}}}}
* {{citation |last=Parashar |first=Parmanand |title=Kashmir and the Freedom Movement |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0fUEZDsvqoC&pg=PA198 |date=2004 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |ISBN=978-81-7625-514-1 |ref={{sfnref|Parashar, Kashmir and the Freedom Movement|2004}}}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beg, Mirza Mohammad Afzal}}
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:Deputy chief ministers of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:1982 deaths]]
[[Category:Jammu & Kashmir National Conference politicians]]
[[Category:People from Anantnag district]]
[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of India]]

Mirza Afzal Beg - Revision history

->Kautilya3: Spelling/grammar/punctuation/typographical correction