https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Minervarya_keralensisMinervarya keralensis - Revision history2026-10-29T22:17:31ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minervarya_keralensis&diff=517655&oldid=prevRajesh Ghosh: added new stub2026-02-28T15:09:29Z<p>added new stub</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Species of frog}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Speciesbox <br />
| image = FejervaryaKeralensis.jpg<br />
| status = LC<br />
| status_system = IUCN3.1<br />
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author=IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. |year=2023 |title=''Minervarya keralensis'' |volume=2023 |article-number=e.T58273A166099369 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T58273A166099369.en |access-date=31 May 2025}}</ref><br />
| taxon = Minervarya keralensis<br />
| authority = ([[Alain Dubois|Dubois]], 1981)<br />
| synonyms = ''Rana verrucosa'' <small>Günther, 1876</small><br/><br />
''Rana keralensis'' <small>Dubois, 1981</small><br/><br />
''Limnonectes keralensis'' <small>(Dubois, 1981)</small><br/><br />
''Fejervarya keralensis'' <small>(Dubois, 1981)</small><br />
''Zakerana keralensis'' <small>(Dubois, 1981)</small><br />
| range_map = Fejervarya keralensis map-fr.svg<br />
| range_map_caption = Range of ''F. keralensis'' in the Western Ghats<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''''Minervarya keralensis''''' (common names: '''verrucose frog''', '''Kerala wart(y) frog''', or '''Dubois' hill frog''') is a species of [[frog]] from [[India]]. Originally described by [[Albert C. L. G. Günther|Albert Günther]] in 1876, its present-day [[specific epithet (zoology)|specific epithet]], ''keralensis'', meaning "of [[Kerala]]", was introduced as [[replacement name]] by [[:fr:Alain Dubois|Alain Dubois]] in 1981.<ref name=frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Dicroglossidae/Dicroglossinae/Zakerana/Zakerana-keralensis |title=''Zakerana keralensis'' (Dubois, 1981) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2014 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=9 February 2014}}</ref><br />
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==Description==<br />
This species has vomerine teeth in two strong oblique series starting from the inner anterior corners of the choanae. The head is moderately sized with the snout appearing pointed. The inter-orbital space is two-thirds the width of the upper eyelid. The tympanum is distinct and is about three-quarters the diameter of the eye. Fingers are moderate, obtuse and the first extends beyond the second. Toes are moderately well developed and nearly entirely webbed. Sub-articular tubercles are prominent and the inner metatarsal tubercle is oval, compressed and less than half as long as the first toe. It also has a small rounded outer metatarsal tubercle. When the hind leg is pulled forward, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout. Upper parts have numerous very prominent warts and short glandular folds. Grey or brown above, darker spotted; hinder side of thighs black, white-marbled; sometimes a broad light vertebral band. Male has two internal vocal sacs.<ref>{{cite book|author=Boulenger, G. A. |year=1890|series= Fauna of British India|title= Reptilia and Batrachia}}</ref><br />
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From snout-to-vent length about {{cvt|2.75|in|cm}}.<br />
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==Distribution and habitat==<br />
''Minervarya keralensis'' is found in the [[Western Ghats]] in southern India. Its [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] is "[[Malabar region|Malabar]]". ''Minervarya keralensis'' has also been reported from [[Gujarat]], northwestern India, and possibly from central Nepal and northeastern India, but it is uncertain whether any of the records outside the Western Ghats refer to this species.<ref name=frost/><br />
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In the Western Ghats ''M. keralensis'' is a widespread species found in wet evergreen forests, moist deciduous forests, and marshlands. It has also been recorded from modified habitats including agricultural land and villages. It breeds in temporary ponds.<ref name=IUCN/><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Commons category|Zakerana keralensis}}<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q3024925}}<br />
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[[Category:Minervarya|keralensis]]<br />
[[Category:Frogs of India]]<br />
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats]]<br />
[[Category:Endemic amphibians of India]]<br />
[[Category:Amphibians described in 1981]]<br />
[[Category:Taxa named by Alain Dubois]]<br />
[[Category:Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN]] <!-- Zakerana keralensis --></div>Rajesh Ghosh