Miles Irving - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 16:21, 18 September 2022
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	Following his demobilisation, Irving was appointed officiating deputy commissioner for Amritsar city and the surrounding district. In March 1919, the enactment of the [[Rowlatt Act]], which imposed stricter press censorship, arbitrary and warrantless searches and detention without trial, triggered massive protests across India. In response to the Act's passage, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] called for a general strike (''hartal'') to begin on 30 March as part of a peaceful ''[[satyagraha]]''.{{Sfn\|Anand\|2019\|p=70-72}} On 30 March, the Amritsar ''satyagraha'' movement was launched by a Dr. [[Satyapal]], a local [[general practitioner]], and his friend Dr. [[Saifuddin Kitchlew]], a barrister who had studied at Cambridge University and was close to Gandhi, having known him since 1909.{{Sfn\|Anand\|2019\|p=72}} Though the ''hartal'' in Amritsar on 6 April passed peacefully, on 8 April Irving telegraphed the Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab, Sir Michael O'Dwyer, reporting members of all three major faiths in the city - Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims - had united for the ''satyagraha''. Characterising Satyapal and Kitchlew as agitators and troublemakers, Irving requested immediate reinforcements, including machine-gun units if possible.{{Sfn\|Anand\|2019\|p=79-80}}		Following his demobilisation, Irving was appointed officiating deputy commissioner for Amritsar city and the surrounding district. In March 1919, the enactment of the [[Rowlatt Act]], which imposed stricter press censorship, arbitrary and warrantless searches and detention without trial, triggered massive protests across India. In response to the Act's passage, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] called for a general strike (''hartal'') to begin on 30 March as part of a peaceful ''[[satyagraha]]''.{{Sfn\|Anand\|2019\|p=70-72}} On 30 March, the Amritsar ''satyagraha'' movement was launched by a Dr. [[Satyapal]], a local [[general practitioner]], and his friend Dr. [[Saifuddin Kitchlew]], a barrister who had studied at Cambridge University and was close to Gandhi, having known him since 1909.{{Sfn\|Anand\|2019\|p=72}} Though the ''hartal'' in Amritsar on 6 April passed peacefully, on 8 April Irving telegraphed the Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab, Sir Michael O'Dwyer, reporting members of all three major faiths in the city - Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims - had united for the ''satyagraha''. Characterising Satyapal and Kitchlew as agitators and troublemakers, Irving requested immediate reinforcements, including machine-gun units if possible.{{Sfn\|Anand\|2019\|p=79-80}}

	With O'Dwyer giving his approval, on the morning of 10 April Irving invited Satyapal and Kitchlew to a private meeting at his official residence in the British cantonment, located in the Civil Lines area. Upon arrival, both were arrested and deported by car to Dharamshala in the United Provinces, where they were held without trial.{{Sfn\|Anand\|2019\|p=81-82}} After Kitchlew and Satyapal's followers were informed of their leaders' arrests, several barrister friends of Kitchlew's led a deputation towards Irving's residence, accompanied by a large crowd.{{citation needed\|date=September ~~2022~~}}		With O'Dwyer giving his approval, on the morning of 10 April Irving invited Satyapal and Kitchlew to a private meeting at his official residence in the British cantonment, located in the Civil Lines area. Upon arrival, both were arrested and deported by car to Dharamshala in the United Provinces, where they were held without trial.{{Sfn\|Anand\|2019\|p=81-82}} After Kitchlew and Satyapal's followers were informed of their leaders' arrests, several barrister friends of Kitchlew's led a deputation towards Irving's residence, accompanied by a large crowd.{{citation needed\|date=September 2019}}

	==Citations==		==Citations==

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2022-09-18T10:51:26Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 16:21, 18 September 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August ~~2019~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2022}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\| honorific-prefix =Sir		\| honorific-prefix =Sir
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	Following his demobilisation, Irving was appointed officiating deputy commissioner for Amritsar city and the surrounding district. In March 1919, the enactment of the [[Rowlatt Act]], which imposed stricter press censorship, arbitrary and warrantless searches and detention without trial, triggered massive protests across India. In response to the Act's passage, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] called for a general strike (''hartal'') to begin on 30 March as part of a peaceful ''[[satyagraha]]''.{{Sfn\|Anand\|2019\|p=70-72}} On 30 March, the Amritsar ''satyagraha'' movement was launched by a Dr. [[Satyapal]], a local [[general practitioner]], and his friend Dr. [[Saifuddin Kitchlew]], a barrister who had studied at Cambridge University and was close to Gandhi, having known him since 1909.{{Sfn\|Anand\|2019\|p=72}} Though the ''hartal'' in Amritsar on 6 April passed peacefully, on 8 April Irving telegraphed the Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab, Sir Michael O'Dwyer, reporting members of all three major faiths in the city - Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims - had united for the ''satyagraha''. Characterising Satyapal and Kitchlew as agitators and troublemakers, Irving requested immediate reinforcements, including machine-gun units if possible.{{Sfn\|Anand\|2019\|p=79-80}}		Following his demobilisation, Irving was appointed officiating deputy commissioner for Amritsar city and the surrounding district. In March 1919, the enactment of the [[Rowlatt Act]], which imposed stricter press censorship, arbitrary and warrantless searches and detention without trial, triggered massive protests across India. In response to the Act's passage, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] called for a general strike (''hartal'') to begin on 30 March as part of a peaceful ''[[satyagraha]]''.{{Sfn\|Anand\|2019\|p=70-72}} On 30 March, the Amritsar ''satyagraha'' movement was launched by a Dr. [[Satyapal]], a local [[general practitioner]], and his friend Dr. [[Saifuddin Kitchlew]], a barrister who had studied at Cambridge University and was close to Gandhi, having known him since 1909.{{Sfn\|Anand\|2019\|p=72}} Though the ''hartal'' in Amritsar on 6 April passed peacefully, on 8 April Irving telegraphed the Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab, Sir Michael O'Dwyer, reporting members of all three major faiths in the city - Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims - had united for the ''satyagraha''. Characterising Satyapal and Kitchlew as agitators and troublemakers, Irving requested immediate reinforcements, including machine-gun units if possible.{{Sfn\|Anand\|2019\|p=79-80}}

	With O'Dwyer giving his approval, on the morning of 10 April Irving invited Satyapal and Kitchlew to a private meeting at his official residence in the British cantonment, located in the Civil Lines area. Upon arrival, both were arrested and deported by car to Dharamshala in the United Provinces, where they were held without trial.{{Sfn\|Anand\|2019\|p=81-82}} After Kitchlew and Satyapal's followers were informed of their leaders' arrests, several barrister friends of Kitchlew's led a deputation towards Irving's residence, accompanied by a large crowd.{{citation needed\|date=September ~~2019~~}}		With O'Dwyer giving his approval, on the morning of 10 April Irving invited Satyapal and Kitchlew to a private meeting at his official residence in the British cantonment, located in the Civil Lines area. Upon arrival, both were arrested and deported by car to Dharamshala in the United Provinces, where they were held without trial.{{Sfn\|Anand\|2019\|p=81-82}} After Kitchlew and Satyapal's followers were informed of their leaders' arrests, several barrister friends of Kitchlew's led a deputation towards Irving's residence, accompanied by a large crowd.{{citation needed\|date=September 2022}}

	==Citations==		==Citations==
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	[[Category:1876 births]]		[[Category:1876 births]]
	[[Category:1962 deaths]]		[[Category:1962 deaths]]
	[[Category:~~People of~~ British India]]		[[Category:British people in colonial India]]
	[[Category:Indian civil servants]]		[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
	[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]		[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]

>Tom.Reding: +{{Authority control}} (3 IDs from Wikidata), WP:GenFixes on

2021-02-21T19:06:35Z

+{{Authority control}} (3 IDs from Wikidata), WP:GenFixes on

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =Sir
| name = Miles Irving
| honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CIE|OBE|}}
| image =
|caption =
| birth_place = [[Singapore]], [[Straits Settlements]]<ref name="Times_obit">{{cite news |author= |title=Sir Miles Irving |work=The Times |date=13 July 1962 }}</ref>
| death_place = [[Bridport]], [[Dorset]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]<ref name="probate">{{cite web |url=https://probatesearch.service.gov.uk/Calendar?surname=Irving&yearOfDeath=1962&page=3#calendar |title=IRVING, Sir Miles, Knight, C.I.E., O.B.E. |author= |date=1962 |website=probatesearchservice.gov |publisher=UK Government |access-date=5 August 2019 }}</ref>
| order =
| office =
|term_start =
|term_end =
|primeminister =
|predecessor =
|successor =
|birthname =
| birth_date ={{birth date|1876|08|01|df=y}}<ref name="India_Office_35">{{cite book|pages=690|title=The India Office and Burma Office List: 1935|publisher=Harrison & Sons, Ltd.|year=1935}}</ref>
| death_date = {{death date and age|1962|06|24|1876|08|01|df=y}}<ref name="probate"/>
|nationality = British
|alma_mater =
|children =
| module = {{Infobox military person | embed=yes
|nickname=
|allegiance= {{flag|British Empire}}
|branch= {{army|British India}}
|serviceyears= 1917–1919
|rank=[[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant-Colonel]] (temp.)
|unit=
|commands=
|battles=[[First World War]]
|awards=[[OBE]]<br>[[Mentioned in dispatches]]
|relations=
|signature = }}
}}

'''Sir Miles Irving''' [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]], [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] (1 August 1876 - 24 June 1962) was an English [[Indian Civil Service]] officer. As Deputy Commissioner of [[Amritsar]], the senior government official in charge, he transferred the city's administration to Colonel (temp. Brigadier-General) [[Reginald Dyer]] in April 1919, which helped to precipitate the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]].{{Sfn|Anand|2019|p=91}}

==Early career==
Irving was born in Singapore, then the capital of the [[crown colony]] of the [[Straits Settlements]]; his father Charles John Irving was a senior revenue officer who rose to become the colony's Auditor-General.<ref name="Times_obit"/> Educated at [[Blundell's School]] and at [[Balliol College, Oxford]], Irving sat the Indian Civil Service exams in 1898 and arrived in India on 10 November 1899. He was assigned to the Punjab cadre of the ICS, and in April 1914 served at Lahore, the capital of the Punjab Province.<ref name="India_Office_35"/> In the same month, he was appointed senior secretary to the financial commissioner of Punjab, with the rank of assistant commissioner (1st grade).<ref name="India_Office_35"/><ref>{{cite book|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.177733/page/n237 182]|title=The Combined Civil List for India: 1915|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.177733|location=Allahabad |publisher=The Pioneer Press|year=1915}}</ref> In October, he was promoted to deputy commissioner (officiating),<ref name="India_Office_35"/> Having received a reserve commission in the [[British Indian Army]] with the rank of captain, he was called to active duty in February 1917,<ref name="India_Office_35"/> and was promoted from captain to temporary lieutenant-colonel on 20 February 1917.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30114|supp=|page=5519|date=5 June 1917}}</ref> Initially posted as assistant adjutant-general at Delhi, Irving was subsequently assigned to the headquarters of the [[Southern Command (India)|Southern Command]].<ref name="Times_obit"/> He was demobilised in February 1919, having been [[mentioned in dispatches]].<ref name="Times_obit"/><ref name="India_Office_35"/> For his wartime service, he was further appointed an Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]], Military Division in June.<ref name="Times_obit"/>

==Amritsar==
Following his demobilisation, Irving was appointed officiating deputy commissioner for Amritsar city and the surrounding district. In March 1919, the enactment of the [[Rowlatt Act]], which imposed stricter press censorship, arbitrary and warrantless searches and detention without trial, triggered massive protests across India. In response to the Act's passage, [[Mahatma Gandhi]] called for a general strike (''hartal'') to begin on 30 March as part of a peaceful ''[[satyagraha]]''.{{Sfn|Anand|2019|p=70-72}} On 30 March, the Amritsar ''satyagraha'' movement was launched by a Dr. [[Satyapal]], a local [[general practitioner]], and his friend Dr. [[Saifuddin Kitchlew]], a barrister who had studied at Cambridge University and was close to Gandhi, having known him since 1909.{{Sfn|Anand|2019|p=72}} Though the ''hartal'' in Amritsar on 6 April passed peacefully, on 8 April Irving telegraphed the Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab, Sir Michael O'Dwyer, reporting members of all three major faiths in the city - Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims - had united for the ''satyagraha''. Characterising Satyapal and Kitchlew as agitators and troublemakers, Irving requested immediate reinforcements, including machine-gun units if possible.{{Sfn|Anand|2019|p=79-80}}

With O'Dwyer giving his approval, on the morning of 10 April Irving invited Satyapal and Kitchlew to a private meeting at his official residence in the British cantonment, located in the Civil Lines area. Upon arrival, both were arrested and deported by car to Dharamshala in the United Provinces, where they were held without trial.{{Sfn|Anand|2019|p=81-82}} After Kitchlew and Satyapal's followers were informed of their leaders' arrests, several barrister friends of Kitchlew's led a deputation towards Irving's residence, accompanied by a large crowd.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

==Citations==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{citation|first1=Anita|last1=Anand|title=The Patient Assassin: a true tale of massacre, revenge, and India's quest for independence|year=2019|isbn=978-1-5011-9570-9 |publisher=Simon & Schuster}}
{{refend}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1962 deaths]]
[[Category:People of British India]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War I]]