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{{Short description|Tribe of the Adi people of Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2012}}

The '''Milang tribe''' (alternately '''Millang''', '''Malaa''', or '''Holon''') are a tribe of the [[Adi people]] of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and nearby [[Jonai]], in [[Assam]], [[India]].

==Etymology==
The term ''Milang'' is an [[exonym]], used by non-members of the tribe to refer to the tribe.<ref name=Post>{{cite journal |title=Language Contact and the Genetic Position of Milang (Eastern Himalaya) |last1=Post|first1=Mark W. |last2=Modi|first2=Yankee |journal=Anthropological Linguistics |date=Fall 2011|jstor=41756851|volume=52|issue=3|publisher=Indiana University|page=215|doi=10.1353/anl.2011.0014|s2cid=144910820 }}</ref> Members of the tribe prefer the name ''Malaa''.

== Language ==
Malaa people use a language{{which|date=October 2012}} unintelligible to most of the other Adi tribes. There have been several theories regarding this language; most Malaa maintain that they adopted their language from a people called Soi-sotem, who inhabited their lands long before Malaa settled there. The Malaa remember the Soi-sotem in their ballads as:

: ''Soi belu kettunge, Sotem belu kettunge''.

Soi sotem were believed to come from Kalang Ade(dite), the highest peak in the land of the Milang beyond which is the land of [[Idu Mishmi tribe|Idu Mishmi]] people.

==Religion==
The Malaa are adherents of indigenous Donyi-Poloism, the practice of praying to the almighty Sun goddess and The Moon God. The priests, called ''Madar'' in Malaa, are popularly believed to be the intermediaries between the natural human world and Spiritual and supernatural world. Male priests are connected with act of divination while the female priests are related with healing of sickness. The priesthood is hereditary practice as it passed from generation to generation in a family. The ritual of sacrificing an animal as suggested by priest to cure a disease is called ''Lulu''. Whenever an epidemic or disease breaks down in a village, the villagers construct a gate at the entrance of the village and a dog is sacrificed with intestines sagging out and hanged. This ritual is called ''Lukan''.

''Ayid Madar Bemmanu'', a ritualistic dance is performed throughout the night in which priest bargains to appease the spirits to release the soul of diseased person and in exchange for gifts. The priest examines the chicken liver and reads omen and suggest the nature of disease and corresponding sacrifice to be made to heal the disease.

==Geography==
Geographically the Malaa land lies approximately between 94-95 degree N latitude and 28-29 degree E longitude in [[Upper Siang district]]. The land of the Milangs extends to the ''Chage'' and ''Felo'' hills in the north which is land of the Idu tribe of Dibang valley. To south and the east they are bounded by the land of the [[Padam tribe|Padams]].

Their land is a rich source of the ''[[Aconitum]]'' plant (variously known as monk's hood or wolf's bane), the source of the powerful poison [[aconitine]], which the Milang historically used on their spears and arrows during battle. The ''[[Anglo-Abor wars]]'' between 1835 and 1912 saw massive use of ''EMO'' (called AMU in Millang) being supplied from Peki Modi village against the invading British forces.

The principal rivers are Sidip, Yamne, Yammeng, Satamak and Chapel besides many rivulets flowing through their land.

Millang, Dalbing and Peki Modi are the important ancestral villages of the Malaa. However, as of today they are found residing in the hills and the valleys of [[East Siang district|East Siang]], [[Upper Siang district|Upper Siang]] and [[Lower Dibang Valley district|Lower Dibang Valley]] Districts of Arunachal Pradesh.

==Surnames==
Surnames used by Malaa are based on family lineage. Common surnames include:
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* Ayom
* Binggep
* Bitin
* Dalbong
* Daltem
* Dameng
* Gamno
* Langkam
* Lego
* Litin
* Libang
* Miew
* Modi
* Ngukir
* Ngupok
* Patuk
{{div col end}}
Malaa bearing each surname are further subdivided into several clans. For example, the Modis have the following clans:
* Kebang
* Ketin
* Rungmi
* Taruk
* Ngusang
* Miew

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book
|title=The Millangs
|first=Milorai|last=Modi
|year=2007
|publisher=Himalayan Publishers
}}
* {{cite book
|editor1-last=Mibang|editor1-first=Tamo
|editor2-last=Chaudhuri|editor2-first=SK
|year=2004
|title=Understanding tribal religion
|location=New Delhi|publisher=Mittal
|isbn=81-7099-945-6
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Lego|first=NN
|year=1992
|title=British relations with the Adis, 1825-1947
|location=New Delhi|publisher=Omsons Publications
|isbn=81-7117-097-8
}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=adi Ethnologue: Adi]
* [http://www.latrobe.edu.au/rclt/StaffPages/post.htm Research Centre for Linguistic Typology: Mark Post (fieldworker)]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/tribe/tribes/adi/index.shtml BBC: Adi Tribe]

{{Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]
[[Category:Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Donyi-Polo communities]]

Milang tribe - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article