Metropolitan area - Revision history

Dhaneesh Ram at 09:44, 14 February 2022

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	== References ==		== References ==
			{{Reflist}}

			==External links==
			* {{cite web\|title=The World's Cities in 2016\|url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf\|publisher=[[United Nations]]\|date=October 2016}} (page 1 illustrates metropolitan area versus city proper and urban agglomeration)
			* [http://www.metropolis.org Metropolis.org], An organisation of world metropolises
			* [http://www.csis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/UEA/index_e.htm Urban Employment Areas in Japan] (Metropolitan Employment Areas in Japan)
			* [http://www.turismo.fvg.it/poli Turismo.fvg.it], (Metropolis read by maps in Friuli Venezia Giulia – Northeast of Italy – EU)
			* [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20091012202651/http://www.e-geopolis.eu/ Geopolis] : research group, university of Paris-Diderot, France — Urbanization of the world

			{{Cities}}
			{{Urban Planning}}
			{{Authority control}}

			[[Category:Metropolitan areas\| ]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard-->
			[[Category:Urban geography]]

Dhaneesh Ram at 09:43, 14 February 2022

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	If a municipality is surrounded by the surrounding municipalities, it will be a surrounding municipality.		If a municipality is surrounded by the surrounding municipalities, it will be a surrounding municipality.

			==United Kingdom==
			{{see also\|List of metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom}}
			The [[United Kingdom]] government's [[Office for National Statistics]] defines "[[travel to work area]]s" as areas where "at least 75% of an area's resident workforce work in the area and at least 75% of the people who work in the area also live in the area".<ref>[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/other/travel-to-work-areas/index.html Beginners' guide to UK geography - Travel to Work Areas (TTWAs)] Office for National Statistics</ref>

			==United States==
			{{main\|List of U.S. metropolitan areas}}
			{{see also\|List of U.S. metropolitan areas by GDP}}
			As of February 28, 2013, the [[United States]] [[Office of Management and Budget]] (OMB) defined 1,098 [[statistical area]]s for the metropolitan areas of the United States and [[Puerto Rico]].<ref name=OMB_13-01>{{cite web\|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/bulletins/2013/b13-01.pdf \|title=OMB Bulletin No. 13-01: Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas \|publisher=[[United States Office of Management and Budget]] \|date=February 28, 2013 \|access-date=April 2, 2013 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121004708/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/bulletins/2013/b13-01.pdf \|archive-date=January 21, 2017 }}</ref> These 1,098 statistical areas comprise 929 [[Core-Based Statistical Area]]s (CBSAs)<ref name=CBSA>The [[United States]] [[Office of Management and Budget]] (OMB) defines a [[Core-Based Statistical Area]] (CBSA) as one or more adjacent [[county (United States)\|counties]] or [[county-equivalent\|county equivalents]] that have at least one [[List of United States urban areas\|urban core area]] of at least 10,000 population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of [[social integration\|social]] and [[economic integration]] with the core as measured by commuting ties.</ref> and 169 [[Combined Statistical Area]]s (CSAs).<ref name=CSA>The [[United States]] [[Office of Management and Budget]] (OMB) defines a [[Combined Statistical Area]] (CSA) as an aggregate of adjacent [[Core Based Statistical Area]]s that are linked by commuting ties.</ref> The 929 Core-Based Statistical Areas are divided into 388 [[Metropolitan Statistical Area]]s (MSAs – 381 for the U.S. and seven for Puerto Rico)<ref name=MSA>The [[United States]] [[Office of Management and Budget]] (OMB) defines a [[Metropolitan Statistical Area]] (μSA) as a [[Core Based Statistical Area]] having at least one urban cluster of at least 50,000 population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties.</ref> and 541 [[Micropolitan Statistical Area]]s (μSAs – 536 for the U.S. and five for Puerto Rico).<ref name="μSA">The [[United States]] [[Office of Management and Budget]] (OMB) defines a [[Micropolitan Statistical Area]] (μSA) as a [[Core Based Statistical Area]] having at least one urban cluster of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000 population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties.</ref> The 169 Combined Statistical Areas (166 for the U.S. and three for Puerto Rico) each comprise two or more adjacent Core Based Statistical Areas.

			The Office of Management and Budget defines a Metropolitan Statistical Area as one or more adjacent [[county (United States)\|counties]] or [[county-equivalent\|county equivalents]] that have at least one [[List of United States urban areas\|urban area]] of at least 50,000 population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of economic and [[social integration]] with the core as measured by [[commuting]] ties. The OMB then defines a Combined Statistical Area as consisting of various combinations of adjacent metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas with economic ties measured by commuting patterns. The Office of Management and Budget further defines a core-based statistical area (CBSA) to be a geographical area that consists of one or more counties (or equivalents) anchored by an urban center of at least 10,000 people plus adjacent counties that are socioeconomically tied to the urban center by commuting.

	== References ==		== References ==

Dhaneesh Ram at 09:43, 14 February 2022

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 == Italy ==
 In 2001, Italy transformed 14 provinces of some of the country's largest cities into ''[[Metropolitan cities of Italy|Metropolitan Cities]]''. Therefore the territory of the ''Metropolitan City'' corresponds to that of a normal Italian province.
 == References ==

Dhaneesh Ram at 09:42, 14 February 2022

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	{{See\| List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia}}		{{See\| List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia}}
	In [[Indonesia]], the [[government of Indonesia]] defines a '''metropolitan area''' as an [[urban agglomeration]] where its [[spatial planning]] is prioritised due to its highly important influence on the country. Currently, there are 10 metropolitan cities in Indonesia that have been recognized by the government.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://tataruang.atr-bpn.go.id/Bulletin/index.asp?mod=_fullart&idart=351 \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=2021-06-15 \|archive-date=2019-09-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918052306/http://tataruang.atr-bpn.go.id/Bulletin/index.asp?mod=_fullart&idart=351 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		In [[Indonesia]], the [[government of Indonesia]] defines a '''metropolitan area''' as an [[urban agglomeration]] where its [[spatial planning]] is prioritised due to its highly important influence on the country. Currently, there are 10 metropolitan cities in Indonesia that have been recognized by the government.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://tataruang.atr-bpn.go.id/Bulletin/index.asp?mod=_fullart&idart=351 \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=2021-06-15 \|archive-date=2019-09-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918052306/http://tataruang.atr-bpn.go.id/Bulletin/index.asp?mod=_fullart&idart=351 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>

			== Italy ==
			In 2001, Italy transformed 14 provinces of some of the country's largest cities into ''[[Metropolitan cities of Italy\|Metropolitan Cities]]''. Therefore the territory of the ''Metropolitan City'' corresponds to that of a normal Italian province.

	== References ==		== References ==

Dhaneesh Ram at 09:42, 14 February 2022

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	In [[India]], a metropolitan city is defined as one with a population more than 1 million.<ref>{{cite web\|title = Metropolitan Cities of India\|url = http://www.cpcb.nic.in/EnvironmetalPlanning/ground/Chapter3.pdf\|publisher = National Informatics Centre\|access-date = 28 July 2014\|page = 3\|website = Central Pollution Control Board\|url-status = dead\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923210838/http://www.cpcb.nic.in/EnvironmetalPlanning/ground/Chapter3.pdf\|archive-date = 23 September 2015}}</ref>		In [[India]], a metropolitan city is defined as one with a population more than 1 million.<ref>{{cite web\|title = Metropolitan Cities of India\|url = http://www.cpcb.nic.in/EnvironmetalPlanning/ground/Chapter3.pdf\|publisher = National Informatics Centre\|access-date = 28 July 2014\|page = 3\|website = Central Pollution Control Board\|url-status = dead\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923210838/http://www.cpcb.nic.in/EnvironmetalPlanning/ground/Chapter3.pdf\|archive-date = 23 September 2015}}</ref>

			==Indonesia==
			{{See\| List of metropolitan areas in Indonesia}}
			In [[Indonesia]], the [[government of Indonesia]] defines a '''metropolitan area''' as an [[urban agglomeration]] where its [[spatial planning]] is prioritised due to its highly important influence on the country. Currently, there are 10 metropolitan cities in Indonesia that have been recognized by the government.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://tataruang.atr-bpn.go.id/Bulletin/index.asp?mod=_fullart&idart=351 \|title=Archived copy \|access-date=2021-06-15 \|archive-date=2019-09-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190918052306/http://tataruang.atr-bpn.go.id/Bulletin/index.asp?mod=_fullart&idart=351 \|url-status=dead }}</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==

Dhaneesh Ram at 09:42, 14 February 2022

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	For urban centres outside metropolitan areas, that generate a similar attraction at smaller scale for their region, the concept of the Regiopolis and respectively regiopolitan area or regio was introduced by German professors in 2006.		For urban centres outside metropolitan areas, that generate a similar attraction at smaller scale for their region, the concept of the Regiopolis and respectively regiopolitan area or regio was introduced by German professors in 2006.

			==India==
			{{See\|List of metropolitan areas in India}}
			{{See\|List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India}}

			In [[India]], a metropolitan city is defined as one with a population more than 1 million.<ref>{{cite web\|title = Metropolitan Cities of India\|url = http://www.cpcb.nic.in/EnvironmetalPlanning/ground/Chapter3.pdf\|publisher = National Informatics Centre\|access-date = 28 July 2014\|page = 3\|website = Central Pollution Control Board\|url-status = dead\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923210838/http://www.cpcb.nic.in/EnvironmetalPlanning/ground/Chapter3.pdf\|archive-date = 23 September 2015}}</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==

Dhaneesh Ram at 09:41, 14 February 2022

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	{{See also\|Urban area (France)}}		{{See also\|Urban area (France)}}
	France's national statistics institute, the INSEE, names an urban core and its surrounding area of commuter influence an ''[[aire urbaine]]'' (official translation: "urban area"<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.insee.fr/en/methodes/default.asp?page=definitions/aire-urbaine.htm \|title=INSEE – Definitions and Methods – aire urbaine \|publisher=INSEE France \|access-date=2013-09-25}}</ref>). This statistical method applies to agglomerations of all sizes, but the INSEE sometimes uses the term ''aire métropolitaine'' (metropolitan area) to refer to France's largest ''aires urbaines''.		France's national statistics institute, the INSEE, names an urban core and its surrounding area of commuter influence an ''[[aire urbaine]]'' (official translation: "urban area"<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.insee.fr/en/methodes/default.asp?page=definitions/aire-urbaine.htm \|title=INSEE – Definitions and Methods – aire urbaine \|publisher=INSEE France \|access-date=2013-09-25}}</ref>). This statistical method applies to agglomerations of all sizes, but the INSEE sometimes uses the term ''aire métropolitaine'' (metropolitan area) to refer to France's largest ''aires urbaines''.

			==Germany==
			{{See also\|Metropolitan regions in Germany}}
			In German definition, metropolitan areas are eleven most densely populated areas in the [[Federal Republic of Germany]]. They comprise the major German cities and their surrounding catchment areas and form the political, commercial and cultural centres of the country.

			For urban centres outside metropolitan areas, that generate a similar attraction at smaller scale for their region, the concept of the Regiopolis and respectively regiopolitan area or regio was introduced by German professors in 2006.

	== References ==		== References ==

Dhaneesh Ram at 09:41, 14 February 2022

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	==European Union==		==European Union==
	The [[European Union]]'s statistical agency, [[Eurostat]], has created a concept named "[[larger urban zone]]" (LUZ). The LUZ represents an attempt at a harmonised definition of the metropolitan area, and the goal was to have an area from which a significant share of the residents commute into the city, a concept known as the "functional urban region".<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.urbanaudit.org/help.aspx \|title=Urbanaudit.org \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212235821/http://www.urbanaudit.org/help.aspx \|archive-date=2009-02-12 }}</ref>		The [[European Union]]'s statistical agency, [[Eurostat]], has created a concept named "[[larger urban zone]]" (LUZ). The LUZ represents an attempt at a harmonised definition of the metropolitan area, and the goal was to have an area from which a significant share of the residents commute into the city, a concept known as the "functional urban region".<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.urbanaudit.org/help.aspx \|title=Urbanaudit.org \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212235821/http://www.urbanaudit.org/help.aspx \|archive-date=2009-02-12 }}</ref>

			==France==
			{{See also\|Urban area (France)}}
			France's national statistics institute, the INSEE, names an urban core and its surrounding area of commuter influence an ''[[aire urbaine]]'' (official translation: "urban area"<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.insee.fr/en/methodes/default.asp?page=definitions/aire-urbaine.htm \|title=INSEE – Definitions and Methods – aire urbaine \|publisher=INSEE France \|access-date=2013-09-25}}</ref>). This statistical method applies to agglomerations of all sizes, but the INSEE sometimes uses the term ''aire métropolitaine'' (metropolitan area) to refer to France's largest ''aires urbaines''.

	== References ==		== References ==

Dhaneesh Ram at 09:41, 14 February 2022

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	==China==		==China==
	In Chinese, there used to be no clear distinction between "[[megalopolis]]" ({{Lang\|zh-cn\|城市群}}, lit. city cluster) and "metropolitan area" ({{Lang\|zh-cn\|都市圈}}) until [[National Development and Reform Commission]] issued ''Guidelines on the Cultivation and Development of Modern Metropolitan Areas'' ({{Lang\|zh-cn\|关于培育发展现代化都市圈的指导意见}}) on Feb 19, 2019, in which a metropolitan area was defined as "an urbanized spatial form in a megalopolis dominated by (a) supercity(-ies) or megacity(-ies), or a large metropolis playing a leading part, and within the basic range of 1-hour commute area."<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://zfxxgk.ndrc.gov.cn/web/iteminfo.jsp?id=16110\|title=关于培育发展现代化都市圈的指导意见(发改规划〔2019〕328号)\|publisher=国家发展改革委\|date=2019-02-19\|language=zh-cn}}</ref>		In Chinese, there used to be no clear distinction between "[[megalopolis]]" ({{Lang\|zh-cn\|城市群}}, lit. city cluster) and "metropolitan area" ({{Lang\|zh-cn\|都市圈}}) until [[National Development and Reform Commission]] issued ''Guidelines on the Cultivation and Development of Modern Metropolitan Areas'' ({{Lang\|zh-cn\|关于培育发展现代化都市圈的指导意见}}) on Feb 19, 2019, in which a metropolitan area was defined as "an urbanized spatial form in a megalopolis dominated by (a) supercity(-ies) or megacity(-ies), or a large metropolis playing a leading part, and within the basic range of 1-hour commute area."<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://zfxxgk.ndrc.gov.cn/web/iteminfo.jsp?id=16110\|title=关于培育发展现代化都市圈的指导意见(发改规划〔2019〕328号)\|publisher=国家发展改革委\|date=2019-02-19\|language=zh-cn}}</ref>

			==European Union==
			The [[European Union]]'s statistical agency, [[Eurostat]], has created a concept named "[[larger urban zone]]" (LUZ). The LUZ represents an attempt at a harmonised definition of the metropolitan area, and the goal was to have an area from which a significant share of the residents commute into the city, a concept known as the "functional urban region".<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.urbanaudit.org/help.aspx \|title=Urbanaudit.org \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212235821/http://www.urbanaudit.org/help.aspx \|archive-date=2009-02-12 }}</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==

Dhaneesh Ram at 09:40, 14 February 2022

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	==Canada==		==Canada==
	[[Statistics Canada]] defines a [[census metropolitan area]] (CMA) as an area consisting of one or more adjacent municipalities situated around a major urban core. To form a CMA, the metropolitan area must have a population of at least 100,000, at least half within the urban core. To be included in the CMA, adjacent municipalities must have a high degree of integration with the core, as measured by commuter flows derived from census data.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/ref/dict/geo009-eng.cfm \|title=Census metropolitan area (CMA) and census agglomeration (CA) \|publisher=Statistics Canada \|date=2007-12-11 \|access-date=2011-03-06 \|archive-date=2018-03-17 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317023824/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/ref/dict/geo009-eng.cfm \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		[[Statistics Canada]] defines a [[census metropolitan area]] (CMA) as an area consisting of one or more adjacent municipalities situated around a major urban core. To form a CMA, the metropolitan area must have a population of at least 100,000, at least half within the urban core. To be included in the CMA, adjacent municipalities must have a high degree of integration with the core, as measured by commuter flows derived from census data.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/ref/dict/geo009-eng.cfm \|title=Census metropolitan area (CMA) and census agglomeration (CA) \|publisher=Statistics Canada \|date=2007-12-11 \|access-date=2011-03-06 \|archive-date=2018-03-17 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317023824/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/ref/dict/geo009-eng.cfm \|url-status=dead }}</ref>
			==China==
			In Chinese, there used to be no clear distinction between "[[megalopolis]]" ({{Lang\|zh-cn\|城市群}}, lit. city cluster) and "metropolitan area" ({{Lang\|zh-cn\|都市圈}}) until [[National Development and Reform Commission]] issued ''Guidelines on the Cultivation and Development of Modern Metropolitan Areas'' ({{Lang\|zh-cn\|关于培育发展现代化都市圈的指导意见}}) on Feb 19, 2019, in which a metropolitan area was defined as "an urbanized spatial form in a megalopolis dominated by (a) supercity(-ies) or megacity(-ies), or a large metropolis playing a leading part, and within the basic range of 1-hour commute area."<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://zfxxgk.ndrc.gov.cn/web/iteminfo.jsp?id=16110\|title=关于培育发展现代化都市圈的指导意见(发改规划〔2019〕328号)\|publisher=国家发展改革委\|date=2019-02-19\|language=zh-cn}}</ref>

	== References ==		== References ==