https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=MelanobatrachusMelanobatrachus - Revision history2026-09-07T16:06:20ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melanobatrachus&diff=144207&oldid=previmported>SdkbBot: /* top */General fixes, removed erroneous space2021-06-28T05:14:38Z<p><span class="autocomment">top: </span><a href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/BP:GENFIX" class="extiw" title="wp:GENFIX">General fixes</a>, removed <a href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/BP:REFPUNCT" class="extiw" title="wp:REFPUNCT">erroneous</a> space</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{short description|Species of amphibian}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}<br />
{{Speciesbox<br />
| image = Melanobatrachus indicus (2).jpg<br />
| image_caption = <br />
| status = EN<br />
| status_system = IUCN3.1<br />
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{Cite iucn | author = Biju, S.D. | author2 = Vasudevan, Karthikeyan | author3 = Bhuddhe, Gajanan Dasaramji | author4 = Dutta, Sushil | author5 = Srinivasulu, Chelmala | author6 = Vijayakumar, S.P. | title = ''Melanobatrachus indicus'' | volume = 2004 | page = e.T13032A3406563 | date = 2004 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T13032A3406563.en }}</ref><br />
| display_parents = 2<br />
| grandparent_authority = [[Gladwyn Kingsley Noble|Noble]], 1931<br />
| parent_authority = [[Richard Henry Beddome|Beddome]], 1878<br />
| taxon = Melanobatrachus indicus<br />
| authority = Beddome, 1878<br />
}}<br />
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'''''Melanobatrachus''''' is a genus of [[Microhylidae|narrow-mouthed frog]]s in the family Microhylidae. It is the only remaining genus in the [[monotypic]] [[subfamily]] '''Melanobatrachinae'''. It contains a single species, '''''Melanobatrachus indicus''''',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Microhylidae/Melanobatrachinae/Melanobatrachus |title=''Melanobatrachus'' Beddome, 1878 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2015 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=22 November 2015}}</ref> also known as the '''Indian black microhylid frog''' and '''Malabar black narrow-mouthed frog'''. It is [[endemic]] to wet evergreen forests of southern [[Western Ghats]] in [[Kerala]] and [[Tamil Nadu]] states of India. It has been recorded from [[Anaimalai]], [[Munnar]], [[Palni hills]], [[Periyar Tiger Reserve]] and [[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve]]<ref name=frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Microhylidae/Melanobatrachinae/Melanobatrachus/Melanobatrachus-indicus |title=''Melanobatrachus indicus'' Beddome, 1878 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2015 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=22 November 2015}}</ref><br />
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''Melanobatrachus indicus'' is a rare species<ref name=IUCN/> that was only rediscovered in 1997.<ref name=EDGE>{{cite web |url=http://www.edgeofexistence.org/amphibians/species_info.php?id=602 |title=Black Microhylid Frog (''Melanobatrachus indicus'') |author= |year= |work=Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) species |publisher=The Zoological Society of London |accessdate=1 January 2014}}</ref> It lives amongst leaf-litter, rocks and other ground cover of moist evergreen tropical forests.<ref name=IUCN/><br />
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The subfamily Melanobatrachinae included two African genera, ''[[Hoplophryne]]'' <small>Barbour & Loveridge, 1928</small> and ''[[Parhoplophryne]]'' <small>Barbour & Loveridge, 1928</small>, in the past but they are now placed in the subfamily [[Hoplophryninae]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Frost, Darrel R.|year=2013|title=Hoplophryninae Noble, 1931|url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/?action=names&taxon=Hoplophryninae|accessdate=1 January 2014|work=Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference|publisher=American Museum of Natural History}}</ref><br />
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''Melanobatrachus indicus'' is an [[Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered]] (EDGE) species.<ref name=EDGE/> It is classified as "[[Endangered species|Endangered]]" by the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]].<ref name=IUCN/><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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==Further reading==<br />
* Biju, S.D. 2001. A synopsis to the frog fauna of the Western Ghats, India. Occasional Publication 1. ISCB. 1-24.<br />
* Daltry, J.C. and Martin, G. 1997. Rediscovery of the black narrow-mouth frog ''Melanobatrachus indicus'' Beddome, 1878. Hamadryad 22(1):57-58.<br />
* Dutta, S.K. 1997. Amphibians of India and Sri Lanka. Odyssey Publishing House. Bhubaneswar.<br />
* Ishwar, N.M. 2000. ''Melanobatrachus indicus'' Beddome, 1878, resighted at the Anaimalai Hills, southern India. Hamadryad 25:50-51.<br />
* Vasudevan, K. 1997. Rediscovery of the black microhylid ''Melanobatrachus indicus'' (Beddome, 1878). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 94:170-171.<br />
* Vasudevan, K. 2000. An amazing frog from the Western Ghats. Biodiversity India 8-12:12.<br />
* Nixon A M A and Bhupathy, S. 2007 Occurrence of ''Melanobatrachus indicus'' beddome 1878 in Mathikettan shola, Western Ghats. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 104:(1),105-6.<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004406/http://www.globalamphibians.org/servlet/GAA?searchName=Melanobatrachus+indicus Global Amphibian Assessment]<br />
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{{Taxonbar|from1=Q3222602|from2=Q3024052|from3=Q11845368}}<br />
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[[Category:Monotypic amphibian genera]]<br />
[[Category:Microhylidae]]<br />
[[Category:Tetrapod subfamilies]]<br />
[[Category:Frogs of India]]<br />
[[Category:Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats]]<br />
[[Category:Taxa named by Richard Henry Beddome]]<br />
[[Category:Taxa named by Gladwyn Kingsley Noble]]<br />
[[Category:EDGE species]]<br />
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