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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mela
| image = Mela (1948).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Poster
| director = S. U. Sunny
| producer = S. U. Sunny
| writer = Azm Bazidpuri
| story = Azm Bazidpuri
| narrator =
| starring = [[Dilip Kumar]]<br />[[Nargis]]<br />[[Jeevan (actor)|Jeevan]]
| music = [[Naushad]]
| cinematography = [[Fali Mistry]]
| editing = Moosa Mansoor
| distributor = [[Wadia Movietone]]
| released = April 9, 1948
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
}}
[[File:Mela (1948).webm|thumb|x220px|''Mela'' (1948)]]
'''''Mela''''' ({{translation|The Fair}}) is a 1948 Indian [[Hindi]]-language romantic tragedy film. It was produced by and directed by S.U. Sunny for [[Wadia Movietone]]. It starred [[Dilip Kumar]], [[Nargis]], [[Jeevan (actor)|Jeevan]], [[Rehman (actor)|Rehman]] and Nur Jehan.<ref name="Narwekar">{{cite book|author=Sanjit Narwekar|title=DILIP KUMAR THE LAST EMPEROR|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ub6eAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT171|accessdate=19 August 2015|publisher=Rupa Publications|isbn=978-81-291-3365-6|pages=171–|chapter=Filmography|date=21 December 2012}}</ref> The film's music was composed by [[Naushad]]. [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]] gave playback for Dilip in this film and one of the "Mukesh hits" was "Gaye Ja Geet Milan Ke". [[Mohammed Rafi]]'s voice was used just once, for the popular song "Ye Zindagi Ke Mele", set in a fairground and picturised on a wandering mendicant at the start of the film.<ref name="Bharatan">{{cite book|author=Raju Bharatan|title=A Journey Down Melody Lane|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WnxABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT169|accessdate=19 August 2015|date=1 September 2010|publisher=Hay House, Inc|isbn=978-93-81398-05-0|pages=169–}}</ref> The lyrics of the songs were written by [[Shakeel Badayuni]] with story and dialogue by Azam Bazidpuri.<ref name=Review>{{cite journal|last1=Patel|first1=Baburao|title=Review Mela|journal=Filmindia|date=December 1948|volume=14|issue=12|pages=55|url=https://archive.org/stream/filmindia194612unse#page/54/mode/2up/search/Mela|accessdate=19 August 2015|ref="Mela" Should Be Re -Censored!}}</ref>

The musical film, set in a village milieu, was a tragic love story involving Manju and Mohan. Manju is married off to a seventy-year-old man, who declares that he didn't realise he was being married to someone so young. After the husband's death, the lovers meet and Manju dies accidentally. Mohan is convicted for her murder, and after spending twenty years in jail, he too falls off the cliff and dies when he follows Manju's spirit.

==Plot==
Manju ([[Nargis]]) lives in the village with her father, a school teacher, and step-mother. Mohan ([[Dilip Kumar]]) and Manju are friends since childhood. The friendship develops into love and they are both excited about their wedding. Mohan decides to go into town to buy jewelry for the marriage. On the way he is robbed and beaten unconscious, landing him in the hospital.

Mehkoo ([[Jeevan (actor)|Jeevan]]), is a no-good man, retired from the army, who lusts after one of the young village girls. He is influential with Manju's stepmother and, with her by his side, calls the village [[Panchayati raj|panchayat]]. Here, he denounces Mohan as a cad who has run away with a girl, telling them that he won't return for the marriage. Since the wedding day has been fixed, the panchayat agrees with Mehkoo that Manju should get married on the day decided. It finds a supposedly suitable groom for Manju, but he turns out to be a seventy-year-old, sickly man. When he enters the wedding chamber, he agrees that Manju is too young to be his bride. Remorseful, he asks for forgiveness, but pleads with her to care of his children. Manju takes on the role of the old man's wife. The man dies, with Manju now left a young widow in charge of the children.

One night in stormy weather, she goes out to meet Mohan, and dies when she falls off a cliff. Mehkoo and other villagers arrive to convict Mohan of murdering Manju. Mohan says nothing in his defense and is sentenced to twenty years imprisonment. On release from jail, Mohan goes to the same place where Manju had died. He sees her spirit, who beckons him to follow her. As he does, he falls off the cliff edge and dies.

==Cast==
* [[Dilip Kumar]]... Mohan
* [[Nargis]]... Manju
* [[Jeevan (actor)|Jeevan]]... ex-army officer Mehkoo
* [[Rehman (actor)|Rehman]]
* Amar
* Roop Kamal
* [[Allauddin (Pakistani actor)|Allauddin]]... MasterJi
* Abbas
* Nurjehan
* Chandabai
* Khalil
* Baby Zubeida

==Production==
The film, produced and directed by S. U. Sunny, was a Wadia Movietone presentation, with [[J. B. H. Wadia]]'s wife Hila Wadia also listed in the credits as producer ("A Hila Wadia production"). Hila suggested that [[J. B. H. Wadia|Jamshed Wadia]] make a film with music director Naushad, who was at the top of his musical career, having composed music for films like ''[[Rattan (film)|Rattan]]'' (1944), ''[[Anmol Ghadi]]'' (1946) and ''[[Shahjehan]]'' (1946).<ref name=Narwekar /> Following the success of ''Mela'', Sunny set up his own production company, Sunny Art Productions, where he made films like ''[[Babul (1950 film)|Babul]]'' (1950), ''[[Udan Khatola (1955 film)|Udan Khatola]]'' (1955), and ''[[Kohinoor (1960 film)|Kohinoor]]'' (1960).<ref name="Raj2009">{{cite book|author=Ashok Raj|title=Hero Vol.1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgo9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT171|accessdate=19 August 2015|date=1 November 2009|publisher=Hay House, Inc|isbn=978-93-81398-02-9|pages=171–}}</ref>

Dilip Kumar was reportedly unwilling to act in ''Mela'' until he reached the studios and heard the opening lines of the song "Mera dil todnewaale", sung by Mukesh and Shamshad Begum. Kumar felt the story line was weak, in his words "absence of meat", and asked the screenwriters to accommodate changes in the script, which they did. As Kumar reports in his autobiography, ''Dilip Kumar: The Substance and the Shadow'', "We had some healthy brainstorming sessions, which helped us to add depth and intensity to the story besides [as well as] logic". He felt the changes were good, both for him and the cast overall.<ref name="Kumar2014">{{cite book|author=Dilip Kumar|title=Dilip Kumar: The Substance and the Shadow|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J2UZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT129|accessdate=19 August 2015|date=28 July 2014|publisher=Hay House, Inc|isbn=978-93-81398-96-8|pages=129–|chapter=12-Reel Life Versus Real Life}}</ref>

==Review==
The film came in for harsh criticism from the editor of ''[[Filmindia]]'', [[Baburao Patel]]. In the December 1948 issue of the cine-magazine, he compared the "formula" used for the story as a "rehash of ''[[Rattan (film)|Rattan]]''" (1944). His review elaborated a [[Parsis|Parsi]] (Wadia) and Muslim (Bazidpuri) "conspiracy" to "run down the Hindus" by making a "stupid and reactionary" film like ''Mela''. Calling the film a "slander on Hindus" and anti-social, he claimed it to be a film encouraging suicide, a criminal offense (section 309 of the [[Indian Penal Code]]).<ref>Section 309, after years of controversial suits, was overturned in favor of suicide's mental-health causes with the 2017 passing of the [[Mental Healthcare Act]].</ref> The army was slandered because the film made Mekhoo, an ex-army man, "the most objectionable character in the picture".<ref>NB: Mekhoo gives scanty details as to his having left the village, what jobs he had before the army, and the circumstances of his leaving; from that standpoint the army comes in for no slander. See the scene starting at 35m., where Mekhoo claims, in response to the question from Mohan's father, "Were you thrown out [of the army]?" that "No, I wasn't thrown out; people are let go after the war ended," a clear attempt to fool the "backward" villagers.</ref> He found "unbelievable" features in the story, especially the quick arrangement for Manju's wedding without looking for Mohan, and that a seventy-year-old widower remarrying wouldn't know the age of the woman he's going to marry.

Patel commended the film for its "pleasant photography". Patel praised lead-female Nargis, but in her role of mother found her "unconvincing" and "synthetic". Dilip Kumar as the hero "does his job well". For Jeevan, who played Mehkoo: "Jeevan plays Mehkoo and succeeds in creating disgust and revulsion, the two main aspects of his role". Later, Patel lays on more anti-Parsi rhetoric when comparing Mehkoo's sexual assault of a girl, Basanti, to "those of some of the toddy-tight [drunk] Parsis on vacation".<ref name=Review />

==Release and reception==
The film was released on 8 October 1948 at Excelsior cinema, Bombay. The music of the film was a main part in the commercial success at the box office, with it being reportedly referred to as Naushad's "Golden jubilee (fifty weeks) Mela".<ref name=Bharatan /> According to Meghnad Desai, a weak story was camouflaged by the "stunning melodies" in ''Mela'' and other films.<ref name="Desai2013">{{cite book|author=Meghnad Desai|title=PAKEEZAH|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xgKNAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT57|accessdate=19 August 2015|date=13 December 2013|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India|isbn=978-93-5116-023-6|pages=57–}}</ref>

The reported box office gross for the film according to IBOS was ₹50 [[lakhs]] in 1948. The adjusted gross as of 2015 is roughly estimated at ₹340.44 [[crores]].<ref name=ibos>{{cite web|title=Mela (1948)|url=http://ibosnetwork.com/asp/filmbodetails.asp?id=Mela+(1948)|website=ibosnetwork.com|publisher=IBOS|accessdate=19 August 2015}}</ref>

==Remake==
''[[Chiranjeevulu (1956 film)|Chiranjeevulu]]'' (1956), a [[Telugu language]] film, was a remake of ''Mela''. In the Telugu version, the hero is turned blind, and the old man who marries Manju is changed to a young bachelor, Dr. Krishna. The film was made under the Vinoda Productions banner, produced by D. L. Narayana (Dronamvajhala Lakshmi Narayana) and directed by [[Vedantam Raghavaiah]]. The dialogue writer and lyricist was [[Malladi Ramakrishna Sastry]]. The film starred [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]], [[Gummadi (actor)|Gummadi]], [[Peketi Sivaram]], [[C.S.R. Anjaneyulu]]. For actress Jamuna, it was cited as her "career-best performance"; Peketi Sivaram played the negative role of Mehkoo, originally played by Jeevan. The film "was a box office grosser".<ref name=TheHindu>{{cite news|last1=Narasimham|first1=M. L.|title=Chiranjeevulu (1956)|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/chiranjeevulu-1956/article6549629.ece|accessdate=20 August 2015|agency=The Hindu|publisher=The Hindu|date=31 October 2014|ref=Friday Review}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
Composer [[Naushad]] had [[Shamshad Begum]] singing some memorable songs, in the process getting the "best out of Shamshad" for this film. "Dharti Ko Aakash Pukaare" and "Taqdeer Bani Banke Bigdi" by Shamshad are both notable songs, reportedly showing her growth as a "serious singer".<ref name="Anantharaman2008">{{cite book|author=Ganesh Anantharaman|title=Bollywood Melodies: A History of the Hindi Film Song|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmrSLuBwbKkC&pg=PA170|accessdate=19 August 2015|date=January 2008|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-306340-7|pages=170–|chapter=Shamshad Begum: First Superstar of Playback}}</ref> The song "Dharti Ko Aakash Pukaare" was originally put in as a title song, but it became extremely popular, forcing the producers to have the full song added in the film.<ref name=Invis>{{cite web|last1=Chandra, Balakrishnan|first1=Pali, Vijay Kumar|title=Mela (1948)|url=http://www.indiavideo.org/cinema/mela-hindi-film-7635.php|website=indiavideo.org/|publisher=Invis Multimedia Pvt. Ltd.|accessdate=19 August 2015|ref=100 Years Of Bollywood}}</ref>

Another popular song was the ''bidai'' (farewell) number, "Gaaye Jaa Geet Milan Ke" (Sing Songs Of Meeting), sung by Mukesh, at the time of Manju's departure from home after marriage. It was used in the film to show Manju's feelings, her "secret sorrows" that "cannot be voiced but are palpable" through the medium of the song.<ref name="George2013">{{cite book|author=Rosemary Marangoly George|title=Indian English and the Fiction of National Literature|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RtdGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA251|accessdate=19 August 2015|date=21 November 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-72955-1|pages=251–|chapter=Footnotes pages 138-144, Note 88 }}</ref> The song is sung by Mohan (Dilip Kumar) as he's racing home in his bullock cart to meet Manju (Nargis), whereas Manju is leaving for her husband's home.

Mohammed Rafi's popularity as a singer rose with the single song sung by him in ''Mela'', "Ye zindgi ke mele".<ref>Vinod Kumar, ''Md. Rafi ke 51 Geeton Ki sargam: Song Sargam or Swarlipi Book'' (Notion Press, 2017). {{ISBN|1947697277}}, 9781947697270</ref><ref name=Invis />

''Mela'' had music directed by [[Naushad]] with lyrics by [[Shakeel Badayuni]]. The singers were Mukesh, Shamshad Begum, [[Zohrabai Ambalewali]] and Mohammed Rafi.<ref name=HindiGeetmala>{{cite web|title=Mela (1948)|url=http://hindigeetmala.net/movie/mela.htm|website=hindigeetmala.net|publisher=Hindi Geetmala|accessdate=19 August 2015}}</ref>

===Song list===

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Ye Zindagi Ke Mele, Duniyaa Men Kam Na Honge (Part 1)
| extra1 = [[Mohammed Rafi]]
| length1 = 01:37
|
| title2 = Ye Zindagi Ke Mele, Duniyaa Men Kam Na Honge (Part 2)
| extra2 = Mohammed Rafi
| length2 = 03:33
|
| title3 = Gaye Ja Geet Milan Ke Tu Apni Lagan Ke
| extra3 = [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]
| length3 = 02:54
|
| title4 = Phir Aah Dil Se Nikli, Shaayad Wo Ja Rahe Hain
| extra4 = [[Zohrabai Ambalewali]]
| length4 = 02:58
|
| title5 = Dharti Ka Aakash Pukaare (Part 1)
| extra5 = [[Shamshad Begum]], Mukesh
| length5 = 01:08
|
| title6 = Dharti Ka Aakash Pukaare (Part 2)
| extra6 = Shamshad Begum, Mukesh
| length6 = 01:36
|
| title7 = Dharti Ka Aakesh Pukaare (Part 3)
| extra7 = Shamshad Begum
| length7 = 01:21
|
| title8 = Mera Dil Todne Wale Mere Dil Ki Dua Lena
| extra8 = Shamshad Begum, Mukesh
| length8 = 03:28
|
| title9 = Aayi Sawan Ritu Aayi Sajan Mora Dole Hai Man
| extra9 = Shamshad Begum, Mukesh
| length9 = 03:26
|
| title10 = Main Bhanwra Tu Hai Phool
| extra10 = Shamshad Begum, Mukesh
| length10 = 04:18
|
| title11 = Mohan Ki Muraliya Baaje
| extra11 = Shamshad Begum
| length11 = 03:11
|
| title12 = Taqdeer Bani Ban Kar Bigadi
| extra12 = Shamshad Begum
| length12 = 03:09
|
| title13 = Pardes Balam Tum Jaaoge
| extra13 = Shamshad Begum
| length13 = 03:11
|
| title14 = Garibo Par Jo Hoti Hai
| extra14 = Shamshad Begum
| length14 = 03:17
|
| title15 = Dance Theme
| extra15 = Instrumental
| length15 = 03:30
|
| total_length = 42:37
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0137947|Mela}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dxKcz96qrc ''Mela'' (1948)] on YouTube

[[Category:1948 films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1940s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Naushad]]
[[Category:Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:1948 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

Mela (1948 film) - Revision history

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