Meitei nationalism - Revision history

AmiePesina: corrected details also and cleaned formatting

2025-07-18T07:14:41Z

corrected details also and cleaned formatting

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:44, 18 July 2025
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	{{Original research\|date=May 2021}}{{~~Short description~~\|~~Nationalism of Kangleipak~~}}		{{Short description\|Nationalism of Kangleipak}}
	[[File:Flag ~~of Kangleipak~~.svg\|thumb\|~~Flag of Kangleipak~~]]		{{Multiple issues\|
	'''Meitei nationalism'''<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Nayar\|first=V. K.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hzduAAAAMAAJ~~&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover~~&q=Meitei+nationalism~~&hl=en~~\|title=Crossing the Frontiers of Conflict in the North East and Jammu and Kashmir: From Real Politik to Ideal Politik\|date=2005\|publisher=Shipra Publications\|isbn=978-81-7541-218-7\|language=en}}</ref>~~{{Request quotation\|date=May 2021}}~~ ([[Meitei language\|Meitei:]]ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯅꯤꯡꯕ) refers to [[~~Nationalism\|~~nationalism]] among [[Meitei people]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Ray\|first=S.\|date=2001\|title=The sacred alphabet and the divine body: The case of Meitei mayek in north-eastern India.\|url=https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=5308752\|language=en\|pages=1}}</ref>{{Failed verification\|date=May 2021\|reason=The source mentions "Manipuri nationalism". Even then it doesn't give a definition of what it is. Please provide a quotation to verify.}} In the Meitei context this ~~include~~ various ~~movement~~ throughout history to sustain Meitei cultural identity,political boundary, ethnicity and history to regain [[~~Sovereign state\|~~sovereign state]] status of [[Kangleipak]] (~~now~~ known as Manipur).{{~~Citation needed~~\|date=~~May 2021~~}}		{{Original research\|date=May 2021}}
			{{Cleanup rewrite\|date=August 2024}}
			}}
			[[File:Salai Taret Flag.svg\|thumb\|The Salai Taret flag used by Meitei nationalists]]
			'''Meitei nationalism'''<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Lintner \|first=Bertil \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p--5BwAAQBAJ&dq=meiteinationalism&pg=PA283 \|title=Great Game East: India, China, and the Struggle for Asia's Most Volatile Frontier \|date=2015-04-01 \|publisher=Yale University Press \|isbn=978-0-300-21332-4 \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Nayar\|first=V. K.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hzduAAAAMAAJ&q=Meitei+nationalism\|title=Crossing the Frontiers of Conflict in the North East and Jammu and Kashmir: From Real Politik to Ideal Politik\|date=2005\|publisher=Shipra Publications\|isbn=978-81-7541-218-7\|language=en}}</ref> ([[Meitei language\|Meitei:]] ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯅꯤꯡꯕ) refers to [[nationalism]] among the [[Meitei people]].<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Nationalism and Hindutva : a Christian response : papers from the 10th CMS consultation \|date=2005 \|publisher=CMS/UBS/ISPCK \|others=Mark T. B. Laing \|isbn=81-7214-838-0 \|location=Delhi \|pages=62 \|oclc=61453464}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Ray\|first=S.\|date=2001\|title=The sacred alphabet and the divine body: The case of Meitei mayek in north-eastern India.\|url=https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=5308752\|language=en\|pages=1}}</ref>{{Failed verification\|date=May 2021\|reason=The source mentions "Manipuri nationalism". Even then it doesn't give a definition of what it is. Please provide a quotation to verify.}} In the Meitei context this includes various movements throughout history to sustain Meitei cultural identity, political boundary, ethnicity and history to regain [[sovereign state]] status of [[Kangleipak]] (presently known as [[Manipur]]).<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Neken \|first=Seram \|date=12 March 2022 \|title=Challenges Before Meitei Nationalism \|work=[[e-Pao]] \|url=http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.opinions.Politics_and_Governance.Challenges-Before-Meitei-Nationalism}}</ref>

	== History ==		== History ==
	Historically the [[Manipur (princely state)\|kingdom of Meitei]] also known as Meitei Leipak<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Thomas Callan Hodson\|url=http://archive.org/details/meitheis00hodsgoog\|title=The Meitheis\|date=1908\|publisher=D. Nutt\|others=Harvard University\|language=English}}</ref> remained sovereign for at least 1951 years,<ref>{{Cite web\|title=States Uts - Manipur - Know India: National Portal of India\|url=https://knowindia.gov.in/states-uts/manipur.php\|access-date=2021-05-16\|website=knowindia.gov.in\|quote= The independence and sovereignty of Manipur remained uninterrupted until the Burmese invaded and occupied it for seven years in the first quarter of the 19th century (1819-25). Then came British Paramountcy in 1891...}}</ref>although there were matrimonial alliance as well as wars with the neighbouring country or kingdom of [[Myanmar\|Burma]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|~~last~~=Arora\|~~first~~=Vibha\|last2=Kipgen\|first2=Ngamjahao\|date=2012\|title=The Politics of Identifying with and Distancing from Kuki Identity in Manipur\|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290634\|journal=Sociological Bulletin\|volume=61\|issue=3\|pages=429–449\|issn=0038-0229\|quote= Historically Manipur was an independent kingdom ruled by the Meitei dynasty...At one time in history, the river Chindwin in Myanmar formed Manipur's natural eastern frontier}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Singha\|first=Memchaton\|date=2016~~\|title=MARRIAGE DIPLOMACY BETWEEN THE STATES OF MANIPUR AND BURMA, 18TH TO 19TH CENTURIES~~\|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26552717\|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress\|volume=77\|pages=874–879\|issn=2249-1937}}</ref> Meitei kingdom (Meitei Leipak) lost its sovereignty in 1891 as a result of [[Anglo-Manipur War\|Anglo Manipur War]] and regained its sovereign status in 1947 but it was short lived due to the controversial Manipur Merger Agreement of 1949.~~{{Citation needed\|date=May 2021}}~~		{{Expand section\|date=August 2022}}
			Historically, the [[Manipur (princely state)\|kingdom of Meitei]] also known as Meitei Leipak<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Thomas Callan Hodson\|url=http://archive.org/details/meitheis00hodsgoog\|title=The Meitheis\|date=1908\|publisher=D. Nutt\|others=Harvard University\|language=English}}</ref> remained sovereign for at least 1951 years,<ref>{{Cite web\|title=States Uts - Manipur - Know India: National Portal of India\|url=https://knowindia.gov.in/states-uts/manipur.php\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821082230/http://knowindia.gov.in/states-uts/manipur.php\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=August 21, 2017\|access-date=2021-05-16\|website=knowindia.gov.in\|quote= The independence and sovereignty of Manipur remained uninterrupted until the Burmese invaded and occupied it for seven years in the first quarter of the 19th century (1819-25). Then came British Paramountcy in 1891...}}</ref> although there were matrimonial alliance as well as wars with the neighbouring country or kingdom of [[Myanmar\|Burma]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Arora\|first1=Vibha\|last2=Kipgen\|first2=Ngamjahao\|date=2012\|title=The Politics of Identifying with and Distancing from Kuki Identity in Manipur\|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290634\|journal=Sociological Bulletin\|volume=61\|issue=3\|pages=429–449\|doi=10.1177/0038022920120303\|jstor=26290634\|s2cid=157167951\|issn=0038-0229\|quote= Historically Manipur was an independent kingdom ruled by the Meitei dynasty...At one time in history, the river Chindwin in Myanmar formed Manipur's natural eastern frontier\|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Singha\|first=Memchaton\|title=Marriage Diplomacy Between the States of Manipur and Burma, 18Th to 19Th Centuries\|date=2016\|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26552717\|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress\|volume=77\|pages=874–879\|jstor=26552717\|issn=2249-1937}}</ref> Meitei kingdom (Meitei Leipak) lost its sovereignty in 1891 as a result of [[Anglo-Manipur War\|Anglo Manipur War]] and regained its sovereign status in 1947 but it was short lived due to the controversial Manipur Merger Agreement of 1949.<ref>{{Cite news \|author=Staff Reporter \|date=2019-10-15 \|title=Shutdown in parts of Manipur against 1949 merger with India \|language=en-IN \|work=The Hindu \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/shutdown-in-parts-of-manipur-against-1949-merger-with-india/article29689664.ece \|access-date=2022-05-28 \|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref> {{Cite book\|last1=McDuie-Ra\|first1=Duncan\|chapter=1. Introduction \|title=Borderland City in New India\|date=2016\|publisher=Amsterdam University Press\|chapter-url= http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1d8hb58\|pages=13–36\|doi=10.1515/9789048525362-003 \|jstor=j.cttd8hb58 \|isbn=9789048525362 }} </ref>{{Citation needed\|date=May 2021}}
	~~In the 19th century [[Hijam Irabot]] was the pioneer of nationalism in Manipur~~<ref>{{Cite ~~book~~\|~~last~~=~~India~~\|~~first~~=~~United Service Institution of\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jubsAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&q=meitei+nationalism&hl=en~~\|title=~~National Security, Economic Globalisation, and Militancy\|date=2006\|publisher=United Service Institution~~ of India~~\|isbn=978-81-87966-49-4~~\|language=en~~}}</ref>{{Request quotation~~\|~~date~~=~~May 2021}} who firstly revolted against [[Monarchy\|monarchy rule]] demanding a democratic government for the people.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Singh\|first=N. Joykumar~~\|url=https://~~books~~.~~google~~.com/~~books?id=Cl1uAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en\|title=Revolutionary Movements~~ in ~~Manipur\|date=2005\|publisher=Akansha Publishing House\|isbn=978~~-81-~~87606~~-92-~~5\|language=en}}</ref> Various demands ranging from self determination to liberation of Manipur all took its root from not accepting the instrument of Merger act~~ with the Indian Union.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2021}} Scholar Paula Banerjee states that Merger agreement was seen by Manipuris as an "illegal and illegitimate annexation".<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Singh\|first=Ujjwal Kumar\|url=https://~~books.google~~.~~com/books?id=Yx00xCWCulEC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&hl=en\|title=Human Rights and Peace: Ideas, Laws, Institutions and Movements~~\|date=~~2009~~-01-06\|~~publisher~~=~~SAGE Publications\|isbn=978-81-7829-884~~-~~9\|page=134\|language=en~~}}</ref>~~Meitei nationalists~~ <ref>{{Cite ~~journal~~\|~~last~~=~~RAY~~\|~~first~~=~~SOHINI~~\|~~date~~=~~2015~~\|title=~~Boundaries Blurred? Folklore, Mythology, History and the Quest for an Alternative Genealogy~~ in ~~North-east~~ India\|url=~~https~~://www.jstor.org/stable/~~43307692\|journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society\|volume=25\|issue=2~~\|pages=~~247–267~~\|~~issn~~=~~1356~~-1863}}</ref> began claiming Manipur was a sovereign state in 1949 with democratic rule under '[[Manipur State Constitution Act 1947]]' and Maharaja of Manipur [[Bodhchandra Singh]] was in no position to sign the merger agreement.<ref>{{Cite book\|~~last~~=~~Sharma\|first=S. C~~.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8F5uAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&q=meitei+reject+Manipur+merger+agreement&hl=en\|title=Insurgency, Or, Ethnic Conflict: With Reference to Manipur\|date=2000\|publisher=Magnum Business Associates\|isbn=~~978-81-7525-138-0\|page=111\|language=en~~}}</ref>{{~~Request quotation~~\|date=May 2021}}

	== ~~References~~ ==		In the 19th century [[Hijam Irabot]] was the pioneer of nationalism in Manipur<ref>{{Cite book\|last=India\|first=United Service Institution of\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jubsAAAAMAAJ&q=meitei+nationalism\|title=National Security, Economic Globalisation, and Militancy\|date=2006\|publisher=United Service Institution of India\|isbn=978-81-87966-49-4\|language=en}}</ref>{{Request quotation\|date=May 2021}} who firstly revolted against [[Monarchy\|monarchy rule]] demanding a democratic government for the people.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Singh\|first=N. Joykumar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cl1uAAAAMAAJ\|title=Revolutionary Movements in Manipur\|date=2005\|publisher=Akansha Publishing House\|isbn=978-81-87606-92-5\|language=en}}</ref> Various demands ranging from self determination to liberation of Manipur all took its root from not accepting the instrument of Merger act with the Indian Union.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2021}} Scholar Paula Banerjee states that Merger agreement was seen by Manipuris as an "illegal and illegitimate annexation".<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Singh\|first=Ujjwal Kumar\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yx00xCWCulEC\|title=Human Rights and Peace: Ideas, Laws, Institutions and Movements\|date=2009-01-06\|publisher=SAGE Publications\|isbn=978-81-7829-884-9\|page=134\|language=en}}</ref> Meitei and Pangal nationalists<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=RAY\|first=SOHINI\|date=2015\|title=Boundaries Blurred? Folklore, Mythology, History and the Quest for an Alternative Genealogy in North-east India\|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43307692\|journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society\|volume=25\|issue=2\|pages=247–267\|jstor=43307692\|issn=1356-1863}}</ref> began claiming Manipur was a sovereign state in 1949 with democratic rule under '[[Manipur State Constitution Act 1947]]' and Maharaja of Manipur [[Bodhchandra Singh]] was in no position to sign the merger agreement.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Sharma\|first=S. C.\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8F5uAAAAMAAJ&q=meitei+reject+Manipur+merger+agreement\|title=Insurgency, Or, Ethnic Conflict: With Reference to Manipur\|date=2000\|publisher=Magnum Business Associates\|isbn=978-81-7525-138-0\|page=111\|language=en}}</ref>{{Request quotation\|date=May 2021}}
	{{~~reflist~~}}

	==See also ==		== See also ==
	*[[Paona Brajabasi]]		*[[Paona Brajabasi]]
	*[[Chinglen Sana]]		*[[Chinglen Sana]]
	*[[Wangkhei Meiraba]]		*[[Wangkhei Meiraba]]

			==References==
			{{Reflist}}
			{{Nationalism in South Asia}}
			{{Ethnic nationalism}}
			{{Stateless nationalism in Asia}}
			[[Category:Meitei people]]
			[[Category:Nationalism in India]]
	[[Category:Nationalist movements in Asia]]		[[Category:Nationalist movements in Asia]]
	[[Category:~~Meitei people~~]]		[[Category:Stateless nationalism in Asia]]
			{{Manipur-stub}}

imported>Tyouf: /* History */Fixed typed

2021-07-16T13:28:47Z

History: Fixed typed

New page

{{Original research|date=May 2021}}{{Short description|Nationalism of Kangleipak}}
[[File:Flag of Kangleipak.svg|thumb|Flag of Kangleipak]]
'''Meitei nationalism'''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nayar|first=V. K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hzduAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&q=Meitei+nationalism&hl=en|title=Crossing the Frontiers of Conflict in the North East and Jammu and Kashmir: From Real Politik to Ideal Politik|date=2005|publisher=Shipra Publications|isbn=978-81-7541-218-7|language=en}}</ref>{{Request quotation|date=May 2021}} ([[Meitei language|Meitei:]]ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ ꯅꯤꯡꯕ) refers to [[Nationalism|nationalism]] among [[Meitei people]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ray|first=S.|date=2001|title=The sacred alphabet and the divine body: The case of Meitei mayek in north-eastern India.|url=https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=5308752|language=en|pages=1}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=May 2021|reason=The source mentions "Manipuri nationalism". Even then it doesn't give a definition of what it is. Please provide a quotation to verify.}} In the Meitei context this include various movement throughout history to sustain Meitei cultural identity,political boundary, ethnicity and history to regain [[Sovereign state|sovereign state]] status of [[Kangleipak]] (now known as Manipur).{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}
== History ==
Historically the [[Manipur (princely state)|kingdom of Meitei]] also known as Meitei Leipak<ref>{{Cite book|last=Thomas Callan Hodson|url=http://archive.org/details/meitheis00hodsgoog|title=The Meitheis|date=1908|publisher=D. Nutt|others=Harvard University|language=English}}</ref> remained sovereign for at least 1951 years,<ref>{{Cite web|title=States Uts - Manipur - Know India: National Portal of India|url=https://knowindia.gov.in/states-uts/manipur.php|access-date=2021-05-16|website=knowindia.gov.in|quote= The independence and sovereignty of Manipur remained uninterrupted until the Burmese invaded and occupied it for seven years in the first quarter of the 19th century (1819-25). Then came British Paramountcy in 1891...}}</ref>although there were matrimonial alliance as well as wars with the neighbouring country or kingdom of [[Myanmar|Burma]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Arora|first=Vibha|last2=Kipgen|first2=Ngamjahao|date=2012|title=The Politics of Identifying with and Distancing from Kuki Identity in Manipur|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26290634|journal=Sociological Bulletin|volume=61|issue=3|pages=429–449|issn=0038-0229|quote= Historically Manipur was an independent kingdom ruled by the Meitei dynasty...At one time in history, the river Chindwin in Myanmar formed Manipur's natural eastern frontier}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Singha|first=Memchaton|date=2016|title=MARRIAGE DIPLOMACY BETWEEN THE STATES OF MANIPUR AND BURMA, 18TH TO 19TH CENTURIES|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26552717|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=77|pages=874–879|issn=2249-1937}}</ref> Meitei kingdom (Meitei Leipak) lost its sovereignty in 1891 as a result of [[Anglo-Manipur War|Anglo Manipur War]] and regained its sovereign status in 1947 but it was short lived due to the controversial Manipur Merger Agreement of 1949.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}

In the 19th century [[Hijam Irabot]] was the pioneer of nationalism in Manipur<ref>{{Cite book|last=India|first=United Service Institution of|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jubsAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&q=meitei+nationalism&hl=en|title=National Security, Economic Globalisation, and Militancy|date=2006|publisher=United Service Institution of India|isbn=978-81-87966-49-4|language=en}}</ref>{{Request quotation|date=May 2021}} who firstly revolted against [[Monarchy|monarchy rule]] demanding a democratic government for the people.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=N. Joykumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cl1uAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|title=Revolutionary Movements in Manipur|date=2005|publisher=Akansha Publishing House|isbn=978-81-87606-92-5|language=en}}</ref> Various demands ranging from self determination to liberation of Manipur all took its root from not accepting the instrument of Merger act with the Indian Union.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} Scholar Paula Banerjee states that Merger agreement was seen by Manipuris as an "illegal and illegitimate annexation".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Ujjwal Kumar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yx00xCWCulEC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&hl=en|title=Human Rights and Peace: Ideas, Laws, Institutions and Movements|date=2009-01-06|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-81-7829-884-9|page=134|language=en}}</ref>Meitei nationalists <ref>{{Cite journal|last=RAY|first=SOHINI|date=2015|title=Boundaries Blurred? Folklore, Mythology, History and the Quest for an Alternative Genealogy in North-east India|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43307692|journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society|volume=25|issue=2|pages=247–267|issn=1356-1863}}</ref> began claiming Manipur was a sovereign state in 1949 with democratic rule under '[[Manipur State Constitution Act 1947]]' and Maharaja of Manipur [[Bodhchandra Singh]] was in no position to sign the merger agreement.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sharma|first=S. C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8F5uAAAAMAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&q=meitei+reject+Manipur+merger+agreement&hl=en|title=Insurgency, Or, Ethnic Conflict: With Reference to Manipur|date=2000|publisher=Magnum Business Associates|isbn=978-81-7525-138-0|page=111|language=en}}</ref>{{Request quotation|date=May 2021}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==See also ==
*[[Paona Brajabasi]]
*[[Chinglen Sana]]
*[[Wangkhei Meiraba]]

[[Category:Nationalist movements in Asia]]
[[Category:Meitei people]]