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	==References==		==References==
	~~{{Portal\|India\|Music}}~~
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

imported>Ser Amantio di Nicolao: Moving from Category:Melakarta Ragas to Category:Melakarta ragas using Cat-a-lot

2021-08-28T09:17:26Z

Moving from Category:Melakarta Ragas to Category:Melakarta ragas using Cat-a-lot

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{{Infobox ragam
| name = Mayamalavagowla
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela =
| chakra =
| type =
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|R1|G3|M1|P|D1|N3|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|N3|D1|P|M1|G3|R1|S}}
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent = [[Double harmonic scale]]
| similar = [[Bhairav (raga)|Bhairav]] ([[Raga|Hindustani classical raga]])
}}
{{Carnatic}}
'''Mayamalavagowla''' (pronounced {{IAST|māyāmāḻavagauḻa}}), is a [[raga]] of [[Carnatic Music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is classified as 15th ''[[melakarta]]'' raga under [[Venkatamakhin]]'s ''[[melakarta]]'' system. Originally known as ''malavagowla, "maya"'' was prefixed to it after the advent of the scheme of the 72 ''melas''. The number 15 was assigned to it following the [[Katapayadi system|Katapayadi]] [[Katapayadi sankhya|sankhya]] system. This is a morning raga.

==Structure and Lakshana==
[[Image:Mayamalavagowla scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|''Mayamalavagowla'' scale with ''shadjam'' at C]]

[[Venkatamakhin]] defines its [[lakshana]] thus:

पूर्णो माळवगोळाख्यः
स ग्रहो गीयते सदा

{{IAST|pūrṇo māḻavagouḻākhyah sa graho gīyate sadā}}

''Mayamalavagowla'' is the 3rd raga in the 3rd ''chakra, Agni''. Its mnemonic name is ''Agni-Go''. Its mnemonic phrase is ''sa ra gu ma pa dha nu''.<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is as follows (see [[Swara#Swaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on below notation and terms):

*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S|R1|G3|M1|P|D1|N3|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S'|N3|D1|P|M1|G3|R1|S|foot=yes}}

The notes in this raga are ''shadjam, shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam, shuddha dhaivatam'' and ''kakali nishadam''. As it is a ''melakarta'' rāgam, by definition it is a [[sampoorna raga|''sampurna'' rāgam]] (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the ''shuddha madhyamam'' equivalent of ''[[Kamavardhini]]'' (also known as ''pantuvarali''), which is the 51st in the ''melakarta'' scale.

The gamakas in the raga are unique in that conversely to the G-M relationship in Sankarabharanam, G is sung in oscillation (M,G M,G M,G) while M is held constant. There is no bold M-P gamaka as in Sankarabharanam as well. R and D are also usually sung in oscillation with S and P respectively, making the only constant notes S, M, and P. Of course, these rules are occasionally broken for effect (i.e. holding N flat before ascending to S).

==Nature of Raga==
This auspicious [[raga]] evokes ''śānta'' (peace) ''[[rasa (aesthetics)|rasa]]'' and pathos. It creates a soothing effect. Suitable to sing at all times, particularly, the first ''prātaḥ-sandhyā-kālaṃ'' (dawn). It is commonly used for beginners lessons such as ''[[Sarali]] [[Varisai]]s'' or ''Sarala Svarās'' (Kannada), etc. Since it eschews ''[[vivadi]] [[swaras]]'' (relatively discordant notes), has a uniform distance between ''svara sthānas'' (relative position of notes) and has symmetry, they are easier to learn. It is an ancient rāgam and has been around for a long time.

It is a ''[[Sampurna raga]]''. Also, it is a ''sarva svara gamaka vārika rakti rāga''. It has a large number of ''janya'' ragas (derived scales) assigned to it. This rāgam corresponds to ''[[Bhairav (raga)|Bhairav]]'' in [[Hindustani music]]. It is called as a "rakti" raga because of its high melodic content.

It is also defined as a ''mūrcana kāraka méLa'' since it can be used for ''[[Graha bhedam]]'' on ''madhyamam'' and ''rishabham'' to result in ''[[Simhendramadhyamam]]'' and ''[[Rasikapriya]]'' respectively. ''Graha bhedam'' is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the ''Shruti'' (or drone) to another note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer ''[[Graha bhedam#Mayamalavagowla|Graha bhedam on Māyamālavagowla]]''.

== ''Janya'' ragams ==
''Mayamalavagowla'' has quite a few ''[[janya]]'' ragams associated with it, of which ''[[Bowli]]'', ''Jaganmohini'', ''[[Gowla]]'', ''Gowlipantu'', ''Janaranjini'', ''Lalita'', ''Nadanamakriya'', ''[[Revagupti]]'', ''[[Saveri]]'' and ''[[Malahari]]'' are quite well known. See [[List of Janya Ragas#Mayamalavagowla|List of ''janya'' Ragas]] for a full list of ''janyas''.

==Popular compositions==
All the basic ''[[swara]]'' exercises (''Sarali, Janta, Daattu'', etc.) are set to the ''Mayamalavagowla'' raga. These are learnt by beginners in Carnatic Music. It is commonly used in the basics, credited to [[Purandara Dasa]]'s work in his time, when he did much work towards standardizing the teaching of [[Carnatic Music]] into a fully graded system. '' Lambodara lakumikara '' by Purandaradasa is generally used for this raga. The first mini-songs (''[[Geetham|geetam]]'') that are taught after the completion of basic exercises, are set to ''Malahari'', a ''janya'' of ''Mayamalavagowla''. [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]'s famous ''{{IAST|gouḻānta}} kritis'' (eight compositions with their raga names ending as ''gowla''), on Goddess Nilothpalamba has ''{{IAST|māyāmāḻavagouḻa}}'' for one of them.

Some of the popular compositions in ''Mayamalavagowla'' are, ''Deva Deva'' composed by [[Swathi Thirunal]] and ''Adikkondar'' by [[Muthu Thandavar]]. A list of popular compositions in Mayamalalavagowla is as follows

* '' Varṇaṃ- śrī rājarājēśvari'' - [Unknown Composer]
* ''tulasī daḻamulacē saṃtōṣamuga'' - [[Tyagaraja]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
* ''Mēru-samāna-dhira'' - [[Tyagaraja]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
* ''Dēvī Śrī tulasammā'' - [[Tyagaraja]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
* ''Vidulaku Mrokkeda'' - [[Tyagaraja]] in [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
* ''Dēva Dēva Kalayāmi'' - [[Swathi Thirunal]]
* ''Kailāsa nilaya dayāsāgara -'' Mahesh Mahadev in [[Sanskrit]]
* ''Māyātīta Svarūpiṇi'' - [[Ponnaiyya Pillai]] (Direct Disciple of [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]) in [[Sanskrit]]
* ''Śrīnāthādi Guruguho jayati'' - [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] (The very first composition of [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]) in [[Sanskrit]]
* ''Śyāmalāmbikē pāhi māṃ'' - [[Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna]]
* ''ādityaṃ dēvādi-dēvaṃ akhilāṇḍa-nāthaṃ āśrayē'' - [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
* ''Dina-maṇi-vaṃśa dīna-janāvana'' - [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
* ''Hara mṛtyuñjaya ambikā-nāyaka hari kamalāsana'' - [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
* ''Popular Adithala Varnam- Sarasija-nābha'' - [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma|Swathi Thirunal]]
* ''Ambā yuvati jaganmātē akhila-janani dayānidhē'' - Ashok R Madhav
* ''Avadh sukhdāyi bājē badhāyī ratan simhāsan par'' - [[Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma|Swathi Thirunal]]
* ''Bhaja rē mānasa vraja-bālaṃ'' - Swarajāti - H Yoganarasimhan
* ''Caraṇaṃ śaraṇaṃ ayyappā'' - Ganapati Sacchidananda
* ''Cintayāmi santataṃ'' - G Sampath
* ''Cintaye'haṃ jānaki-kāntaṃ santataṃ cintitārtha'' - [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]ya
* ''Daśaratha-nandana'' - [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]ya
* ''Dēva-dēveśa'' - R K Suryanarayana
* ''Dēva-dēvōttama'' - Govindacharya
* ''Dēvi kāmākṣi para-śiva-dēhārtha'' - Ogirala Viraraghava Sharma
* ''Durgā lakṣmi sarasvati'' - Lalita Venkataraman
* ''Kāmākṣīṃ kamalākṣīṃ'' - R K Padmanabha
* ''Jaya jagadisha hare'' - from eulogy composed by [[Jayadeva]]
* ''Krpakari shankari karunakari kapalishvari'' - Rukmini Ramani
* ''Mantra svarupam'' - Bangalore S Mukund
* ''Kshira jaladhi niketana'' - Pallavur Mani Iyer
* ''Kshira sagara shayana raksha shara nivasini'' - [[Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar|Jayachamaraja wodeyar]]
* ''Maya mohini maheshvari'' - Mangalam Ganapati
* ''Kaladevathe Saraswathi'' - [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]]

This raga has also been very popularly used in film music. Numerous well recognized songs have been set in this raga. Ilayaraja has composed many hit songs in this raga.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://aboutindianmusic.blogspot.com/2011/10/learning-about-indian-music-raga.html | title= Learning about Indian Music : Raga Mayamalavagowla: Part-1 | date=15 October 2011 | publisher=aboutindianmusic.blogspot.com | access-date=27 July 2020 }}</ref>

=== Telugu Film Songs ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Year
!Author
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Yamaho Nee Yama Yama
|[[Jagadeka Veerudu Athiloka Sundari]]
|1990
|[[Veturi Sundararama Murthy]]
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Chamaku Chamaku Cham
|[[Kondaveeti Donga]]
|1990
|[[Veturi Sundararama Murthy]]
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Nandikoda Vaagullona
|[[Geethanjali (1989 film)|Geethanjali]]
|1989
|[[Veturi Sundararama Murthy]]
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Maa Paapaalu Tholaginchu
|Shri Shirdi Saibaba Mahatyam
|
|[[Aatreya (playwright)|Aatreya]]
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Abba Dani Soku
|[[Vamsanikokkadu]]
|1996
|[[Bhuvana Chandra]]
|[[Raj-Koti]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|}

=== Tamil Film Songs ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Year
!Lyricist
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Pannedum Naalaai
|[[Sakuntalai]]
|1940
|[[Papanasam Sivan]]
|Thuraiyur Rajagopala Sarma
|[[M. S. Subbulakshmi]]
|-
|Azhagaana Ponnu Naan
|[[Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956 film)|Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum]]
|1956
|[[A. Maruthakasi]]
|[[Susarla Dakshinamurthi]]
|[[Bhanumathi Ramakrishna]]
|-
|Kalellam Maanika Kalaguma
|[[Aalayamani]]
|1962
|rowspan=3|[[Kannadasan]]
|[[M.S.Viswanathan]]
|rowspan=2|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Solladi Abirami
|[[Aathi Parasakthi]]
|1971
|[[K. V. Mahadevan]]
|-
|Manjal Nilavuku
|Muthal Iravu
|
|rowspan="23"|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[P. Jayachandran]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Anthapuratthil Oru
|[[Dheepam]]
|1977
|rowspan=2|[[Pulamaipithan]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[S Janaki]]
|-
|Ullukulla Chakaravarthy
|[[Panakkaran]]
|1990
|rowspan=2|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|-
|En Thaayenum Koi
|[[Aranmanai Kili]]
|1993
|Ponnadiyaan
|-
|Uyire Uyire
|[[Oruvar Vaazhum Aalayam]]
|1988
|rowspan=2|
|[[K.J. Yesudas]], [[S Janaki]]
|-
|Enna Senjalum
|[[Azhagar Malai]]
|2009
|Tippu
|-
|Poongathavae
|[[Nizhalgal]]
|1980
|rowspan=6|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|[[Deepan Chakravarthy]], [[Uma Ramanan]]
|-
|Madhura Marikolunthu
|[[Enga Ooru Pattukaran]]
|1987
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Chithra|Chitra]]
|-
|Mariyamma
|[[Karakattakkaran]]
|1989
|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[Chithra|Chitra]]
|-
|Kottukali
|[[Chinnavar]]
|1992
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Chithra|Chitra]]
|-
|Poove Eduthu
|[[Amman Kovil Kizhakale]]
|1986
|[[P. Jayachandran]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Anthi Varum Neram
|[[Mundhanai Mudichu]]
|1983
|rowspan=4|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Vaanam Idi Idikka
|[[Unna Nenachen Pattu Padichen]]
|1992
|Piraisoodan
|-
|Kadhal Maharani
|[[Kadhal Parisu]]
|1987
|Muthulingam
|-
|Sivakami Ninaipilae
|[[Kilipetchu Ketkava]]
|1993
|rowspan=10|[[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
|-
|Kuyila Pudichu
|[[Chinna Thambi]]
|1991
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Raama Naamam
|[[Sri Raghavendrar]]
|1985
|[[K.J. Yesudas]]
|-
|Aaradi Chuvaru Thaan
|[[Idhu Namma Bhoomi]]
|1992
|[[K.J. Yesudas]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|Kottaiya Vittu
|[[Chinna Thayee]]
|1992
|[[Uma Ramanan]], [[S. Janaki]] (Pathos), [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
|Masaru Ponnae Varuga
|[[Thevar Magan]]
|1992
|[[Minmini]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|Allah Un Anaipadi
|[[Chandralekha (1995 film)|Chandralekha]]
|1995
|[[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Preethi Uttamsingh]]
|-
|Nandri Sollave unaku
|[[Udan Pirappu]]
|1993
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|Kadhal Kavithaigal
|[[Gopura Vasalile]]
|1991
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Chithra|Chitra]]
|-
|Mookuthi Poo Melae
|[[Mouna Geethangal]]
|1981
|[[Gangai Amaran]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Sollayo Solaikilli
|[[Alli Arjuna]]
|2002
|rowspan=2|[[Vairamuthu]]
|[[AR Rahman]]
|[[S.P.Balasubramanyam]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
|Kadhal Kavithai Paada
|[[Ganam Courtar Avargale]]
|1988
|[[Devendran]]
|rowspan=3|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
|Vizhigalil Kodi Abinayam
|[[Kan Simittum Neram]]
|1988
|Kalaivanan Kannadasan
|V. S. Narasimman
|-
|Ilam Thendralo
|Vasantha Malargal
|
|rowspan=5|
|[[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|-
|Manasum Manasum Kalanthathadi
|Puthu vayal
|
|Aravindh
|[[Mano (singer)|Mano]], Poornima Vijayan
|-
|Van Vanthu
|Engal Thaikulame Varuga
|
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
|Therkupurama Oru Vasal
|Pasakanal
|
|[[S. A. Rajkumar]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[K. S. Chitra]]
|-
|Vanna Kaviyam
|Pesuvathu Kiliya
|
|[[Shankar–Ganesh]]
|rowspan=2|[[P. Jayachandran]]
|-
|Kadavul Vazhum
|[[Oru Thalai Ragam]]
|1980
|colspan=2 style="text-align: center;"|[[T. Rajendar]]
|-
|Unakena Unakena
|[[Vinnukum Mannukum]]
|2001
|[[P. Vijay]]
|[[Sirpi]]
|[[S. P. Balasubramanyam]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
|-
|Manasu Rendum
|[[Kaadhal Kondein]]
|2003
|Palani Bharathi
|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|[[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|}

=== Malayalam Film Songs ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Year
!Author
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Raajamathangi Parvathy
|[[Bharatham]]
|1991
|[[Kaithapram Damodaran|Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri]]
|[[Raveendran]]
|[[M. Balamuralikrishna]], [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Pavanarachezhuthunna
|[[Vietnam Colony]]
|1992
|[[Bichu Thirumala]]
|[[S. Balakrishnan (composer)|S. Balakrishnan]]
|[[Minmini]]
|-
|Oru Chiri Kandal
|[[Ponmudipuzhayorathu]]
|2005
|[[Gireesh Puthenchery]]
|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[Manjari (Indian singer)|Manjari]]
|-
|Agaathamam Aazhi Vithumbi
|[[Jalachhayam]]
|2010
|Sidharthan Puranattukara
|Unnikumar
|Baburaj Puthur
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Melakarta ragas]]

Mayamalavagowla - Revision history

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

imported>Ser Amantio di Nicolao: Moving from Category:Melakarta Ragas to Category:Melakarta ragas using Cat-a-lot