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{{Short description|Sanskrit word meaning the breaching or removal of Avidya (ignorance)}}
{{Hindu philosophy}}
'''Mayabheda''', ([[Sanskrit]]:मायाभेद:), means the breaching or removal of [[Avidya (Hinduism)|Avidya]] ("ignorance"). It means the destruction of the illusion caused by [[Maya (illusion)|Maya]] which occurs coinciding with the gain/dawn of Right Knowledge, the knowledge of [[Brahman]]. The [[Rig Veda]] [[Sukta]] R.V.X.177 addressed to Mayabheda in its three [[Mantra]]s in its own cryptic way serves this purpose. The central theme of this hymn is the discernment of [[Maya (illusion)|Maya]] or illusion, the cause of material creation.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Golden Book of Rig Veda|author=Mahendra Kulsreshta|year=2006|publisher=Lotus Press|page=9|isbn=9788183820103|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIoRWGSfMikC&q=mayabheda&pg=PA9}}</ref> Mayabheda is also one of the [[Rigvedic deities]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Echoes of Ancient Indian Wisdom|author=Shantha N.Nair|year=2008|publisher=Pustak Mahalpage=95|isbn=9788122310207|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ekehXVP3W8wC&q=mayabheda&pg=PA95}}</ref>

==About Sukta R.V.X.177==

The [[Rig Veda]] is an ancient anthology of [[Sanskrit]] poems mostly in the form of prayers to the [[Vedic]] gods. It consists of Ten Books or [[Mandala]]s. The [[Mandala 10|Tenth Mandala]] contains 191 Suktas addressed to [[Agni]], [[Indra]] and many other deities. The [[Purusha sukta]] (R.V.90), the [[Hiranyagarbha sukta]] (R.V.X.121) and the [[Nasadiya Sukta]] (R.V.X.129) are a part of this Mandala in which there are many more important hymns.

The Tenth Mandala of the Rig Veda also contains Sukta R.V.X.177 of [[Rishi]] Patanga Prajapati which is addressed to the [[Rigvedic deities|Vedic deity]], '''Mayabheda'''. It is a very short ''[[Sukta]]'' consisting of just three [[mantra]]s. The first mantra is in ''Jagati'' ''[[Vedic meter|chhanda]]'' to be sung or recited in ''Nishad'' ''[[Swara]]'', the second mantra is in ''Virat-trishtup'' '' [[Vedic meter|chhanda]]'' to be sung in ''Dhaivata'' ''[[Swara]]'' and the third, in ''Nichrit-trishtup'' ''[[Vedic meter|chhanda]]'' also to be sung in ''Dhaivata'' ''[[Swara]]''. The third mantra also appears in the First Mandala in the "Riddle Hymn" as Sukta R.V.I.164.31 in the hymn addressed to the ''Vishwadevas'', in which regard it is said that in this mantra is to be found the culminating point of the whole doctrine of the Transmigration of souls.<ref>{{cite book|title=A constructive survey of Upanishadic philosophy|author=Ramachandra Dattatreya Ranade|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|page=106|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LyRKQwAACAAJ&q=A+constructive+survey+of+upanishadic+philosophy}}</ref>

==Sukta - text==

(Translated into English a) by [[Ralph T. H. Griffith]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Rig Veda Translator Ralph T.H.Griffith|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv10177.htm}}</ref> and b) by Laurie L. Patton<ref>{{cite book|title=Bringing the Gods to Mind:Mantra and Ritual in Early Indian Sacrifice|author=Laurie L. Patton|date=27 June 2005|publisher=University of California Press|page=132|isbn=9780520930889|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=gSZmbbsg9bEC&q=mayabheda&pg=PA132}}</ref> and c) freely as per Swami [[Dayananda Saraswati]]’s interpretation.) <ref>{{cite book|title=The Rig Veda Translator Swami Dayananda Saraswati |page=1218,1219|url=http://www.aryasamajjamnagar.org/rugveda_v5/rugveda.htm}}</ref>

::'''प॒तं॒गम॒क्तमसु॑रस्य मा॒यया॑ हृ॒दा प॑श्यन्ति॒ मन॑सा विप॒श्चित॑: ।'''
::'''स॒मु॒द्रे अ॒न्तः क॒वयो॒ वि च॑क्षते॒ मरी॑चीनां प॒दमि॑च्छन्ति वे॒धस॑:''' ॥१॥

:a) The sapient with their spirit and their mind behold the Bird adorned with all an Asura’s magic might. Sages observe him in the ocean’s inmost depth: the wise disposers seek the station of his rays.
: b) The wise behold with their mind in their heart the Sun, made manifest by the illusion of the Asura. The sages look into the solar orb, the ordainers desire the region of his rays.
:c) The one who has entered the [[Prana]], who is the Prana of the Pranas, owing to His grace the wise ones whole-heartedly (devotedly) observe with great interest the constant (observable) activity in the life (empirical existence) of the [[Jiva]] (the individual self); but those who are blessed with sharper and deeper insight are able to see stationed within (merged with) the Lord (the supreme Self) all those Jivas that have attained [[moksha]] (liberation); therefore, the wise adore the Lord who rests shining ever so brightly.

::'''प॒तं॒गो वाचं॒ मन॑सा बिभर्ति॒ तां ग॑न्ध॒र्वो॑ऽवद॒द्गर्भे॑ अ॒न्तः।'''
::'''तां द्योत॑मानां स्व॒र्यं॑ मनी॒षामृ॒तस्य॑ प॒दे क॒वयो॒ नि पा॑न्ति'''॥२॥

:a) The flying Bird bears Speech within his spirit: erst the Gandharva in the womb pronounced it. And at the seat of sacrifice the sages cherish their radiant, heavenly-bright invention.
: b) The Sun bears the word in his mind; the Gandharva has spoken it within the wombs; sages cherish it in the place of sacrifice, brilliant, heavenly, ruling the mind.
:c) The Jiva sincerely employs its ability to speak ("speech"); the speech which emerges from within in the form of (various/numerous) words is impelled by the Prana residing within the body having been inspired by it; the all-spreading brilliant light-rays and the vibrant air (collectively) together gathering that word-form speech lifts that speech carrying it to all corners of space (for it to be heard).

::'''अप॑श्यं गो॒पामनि॑पद्यमान॒मा च॒ परा॑ च प॒थिभि॒श्चर॑न्तम्।'''
::'''स स॒ध्रीची॒: स विषू॑ची॒र्वसा॑न॒ आ व॑रीवर्ति॒ भुव॑नेष्व॒न्तः'''॥३॥

:a) I saw the Herdsman, him who never resteth, approaching and departing on his pathways. He, clothed in gathered and diffusive splendour, within the worlds continuously travels.
: b) I beheld the protector, never descending, going by his paths to the east and the west; clothing the quarters of the heaven and the intermediate spaces. He constantly revolves in the midst of the worlds.
:c) The lord of the senses, the all-knowing one, as the witness, watches the imperishable Jiva who in accordance with its past and present works is repeatedly born in this world and passes through many types of agreeable and disagreeable births.

==Import==

According to the ''Asvalayana Srauta Sutra'' IV.6, Mantra ||2|| of this Rigvedic hymn is the inviting verse of the immolated to ''Vac'' (speech), and is used in the ''pravargya'' rites along with Mantra ||3||. Mantra ||1|| does refer directly to the Sun. In the [[Vidhāna|Vidhana literature]] the richness and ambivalence contained within the rite is lost when vide IV.115 it is said that one should constantly mutter that which is destructive of ignorance (''ajnanabheda''), and which begins with ''patangam'' (the mantras of R.V.X.177) which hymn is indeed destructive of illusion (''mayabheda'') and repels all sorts of illusion; and vide IV.116 it is suggested that one should, by means of this hymn, prevent illusion, be that of ''Sambara'' or ''[[Indrajala]]''; one should, by means of this, ward off the illusion caused by unseen beings. Here the enemy is one that can create maya, and interfere with the abilities to discern what is true and what is not.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bringing the Gods to Mind:Mantra and Ritual in Early Indian Sacrifice|author=Laurie L. Patton|date=27 June 2005|publisher=University of California Press|page=132|isbn=9780520930889|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=gSZmbbsg9bEC&q=mayabheda&pg=PA132}}</ref>

According to Wash Edward Hale the first mantra could refer to the myth of the ''[[Svarbhanu]]'' hiding the Sun with darkness until it was found by the [[Atri]]s; if so, this is the only occurrence of ''asura'', in the singular, referring to a mythological evil or demonic being.<ref>{{cite book|title=Asura:In Early Vedic Religion|author= Wash Edward Hale|year= 1986|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=78|isbn= 9788120800618|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wN6dz2UZkw4C&q=mayabheda&pg=PA78}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]

Mayabheda - Revision history

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