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{{Short description|Form of smokeless chewing tobacco}}
'''Mava''', also known as '''Maava''' or '''Mawa''', ({{langx|hi|मावा}}) is a form of [[smokeless tobacco]] that combines tobacco with ingredients like [[betel nut]] and lime, forming a concoction.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Uppar |first1=Ravindra |title=Gutka users switch over to mawa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hubballi/gutka-users-switch-over-to-mawa/articleshow/20566463.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=June 13, 2013}}</ref> Studies indicate that it is one of the most dangerous forms of chewing tobacco.<ref name=dna>{{cite news |last1=Shetty |first1=Disha |title=Study: Mawa most dangerous among chewing tobacco items |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-study-mawa-most-dangerous-among-chewing-tobacco-items-2483740 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |date=June 26, 2017}}</ref>

It comprises approximately 95% [[areca nut]] by weight and is chewed for 10–20 minutes when placed in the mouth.<ref>{{cite web |title=Smokeless Tobacco and Some Tobacco-specific N-Nitrosamines |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326503/ |website=Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |publisher=[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] |date=December 2023}}</ref> Mava finds usage in [[South Asia]], notably in the Indian Subcontinent, and is popular in the Indian states of [[Gujarat]], [[Maharashtra]], as well as in [[Bangladesh]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Committee formed against gutka, mawa business |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2414034/committee-formed-against-gutka-mawa-business |publisher=[[The Express Tribune]] |date=April 28, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Khan |first1=Ayaz |title=Consuming Tobacco Products: A Cultural Practice Turning Into a Risky Affair |url=https://www.balochistanvoices.com/2018/03/consuming-tobacco-products-cultural-value-turning-risky-affair/ |publisher=Balochistan Voices |date=March 18, 2018}}</ref>

== Usage ==
Mawa comprises areca nut shavings (5-6 g), tobacco (about 0.3 g), and watery [[slaked lime]]. Users vigorously rub the mixture for homogeneity, remove any coarse tobacco pieces, and chew it until soft. They then transfer it to the mandibular groove, sucking for ten to twenty minutes. A variant utilized in [[Gujarat]], referred to as meetha mawa, incorporates thin shavings of areca nut, grated coconut, dried fruits, and sweeteners.<ref>{{cite book |author1=V. M. Sivaramakrishnan |title=Tobacco and Areca Nut |date=2001 |publisher=[[Orient Longman]] |isbn=9788125020134 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3IooL36XmgC&dq=mawa+tobacco&pg=PA15}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Smokeless Tobacco Or Health An International Perspective |date=1995 |publisher=DIANE Publishing Company |isbn=9780788120671 |page=61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IpiZ9vrvPRIC&dq=mawa+tobacco&pg=PA61}}</ref>

=== Meetha Mawa ===
Meetha Mawa, meaning sweet mawa, is a sweet variant of mawa, made from thin shavings of areca nut, grated coconut, dried fruits, and various sweetening agents. Commonly used in Gujarat, similar preparations with distinct names are popular in various regions.<ref name=report>{{cite book |editor1-last=Reddy |editor1-first=K. Srinath |editor2-last=Gupta C. |editor2-first=Prakash |title=Report on Tobacco control in India |date=November 2004 |publisher=[[Ministry of Health and Family Welfare]] |url=https://ntcp.mohfw.gov.in/assets/document/surveys-reports-publications/Report-on-Tobacco-Control-in-India.pdf}}</ref>

== Research ==
According to Dr. E Vidhubala, an assistant professor of psycho-oncology heading the Tobacco Cessation Centre at the [[Cancer Institute (WIA)|Cancer Institute]] in [[Adyar, Chennai|Adyar]], Mawa contains 3,000 toxins, including 200 cancer-causing substances like powdered tobacco leaves, [[ammonia]], [[ethanol]], [[acetone]], [[phenols]], [[stearic acid]], [[naphthalene]], [[vinyl chloride]], [[arsenic]], [[formalin]], [[nicotine]], [[hydrogen cyanide]], [[Nitrobenzene]], [[acetic acid]], [[toluene]], [[methane]], [[cadmium]], [[DDT]]/[[dieldrin]], and [[hexamine]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Chew on this: More kids taking to mawa |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2009/sep/14/chew-on-this-more-kids-taking-to-mawa-86135.html |publisher=[[New Indian Express]] |date=September 14, 2009}}</ref>

A laboratory study conducted at the [[University of Minnesota]], USA, in collaboration with the Healis-Sekhsaria Institute of Public Health, [[Navi Mumbai]], found high levels of cancer-causing chemicals in Mawa.<ref name=dna/>

According to a report published by the Indian government, the practice of chewing mawa has gained high popularity among young men aged 15–35 years.<ref name=report/>
== Ban ==
In 2013, the [[Government of Karnataka]] implemented a ban on the tobacco product [[Gutka]], subsequently leading to an increased demand for Mawa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Post Gutkha ban, Mava on demand |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/news/state/post-gutkha-ban-mava-on-demand/articleshow/21181870.cms |publisher=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |date=June 13, 2013}}</ref> The [[Government of Maharashtra]] has banned the sale of manufactured chewing tobacco, including Mawa in July 2015.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra: State bans sale of manufactured chewing tobacco |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/maharashtra-state-bans-sale-of-manufactured-chewing-tobacco/ |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |date=July 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Maharashtra bans betel leaf, 'maava' and flavoured tobacco mix |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/maharashtra-bans-betel-leaf-maava-and-flavoured-tobacco-mix/articleshow/21247021.cms |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=July 22, 2013}}</ref> Mawa is prohibited in [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite news |title='Ingredients of pan masala and gutka-mawa are dissimilar' |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2441653/ingredients-of-pan-masala-and-gutka-mawa-are-dissimilar |publisher=[[The Express Tribune]] |date=October 18, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Selling gutka, mawa: Police 'take bribe' for shopkeeper's release in Karachi |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2181762/selling-gutka-mawa-police-take-bribe-shopkeepers-release-karachi |publisher=[[The Express Tribune]] |date=March 22, 2020}}</ref>

The [[Greater Chennai Police]] confiscated over 30 kg of banned tobacco, including 22 kg of gutkha and 9 kg of Mawa in February 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Over 30 kg of banned tobacco products seized in Chennai |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/over-30-kg-of-banned-tobacco-products-seized-in-chennai/article66529034.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=February 19, 2023}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[List of tobacco products]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Tobacco products]]
[[Category:Tobacco in India]]
[[Category:Tobacco industry]]

Mava (tobacco) - Revision history

Annal Ambedkar Makkal Peravai: new new post - done