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← Older revision		Revision as of 20:25, 23 June 2022
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	\| narrator =		\| narrator =
	\| starring = [[Tulip Joshi]]<br>[[Sudhir Pandey]]<br>[[Piyush Mishra]]<br>[[Sushant Singh]]<br>[[Aditya Srivastava]]		\| starring = [[Tulip Joshi]]<br>[[Sudhir Pandey]]<br>[[Piyush Mishra]]<br>[[Sushant Singh]]<br>[[Aditya Srivastava]]
	\| music = [[~~Salim Sulaiman~~]]		\| music = [[Salim–Sulaiman]]
	\| cinematography = [[Venu (cinematographer)\|Venu]]		\| cinematography = [[Venu (cinematographer)\|Venu]]
	\| editing = [[Ashmith Kunder]]<br/>[[Shirish Kunder]]		\| editing = [[Ashmith Kunder]]<br/>[[Shirish Kunder]]
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	*[[Aditya Srivastava]] – Raghu's Uncle		*[[Aditya Srivastava]] – Raghu's Uncle
	*[[Piyush Mishra]] – Jagannath		*[[Piyush Mishra]] – Jagannath
	*~~[[imdbname:1201151\|~~Mukesh S Bhatt]]- Raghu's elder brother		*Mukesh S Bhatt - Raghu's elder brother
	*[[Pankaj Jha]] – Rakesh		*[[Pankaj Jha]] – Rakesh
	*Sanjay Kumar – Brijesh		*Sanjay Kumar – Brijesh
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	[[Category:2000s science fiction drama films]]		[[Category:2000s science fiction drama films]]
	[[Category:2000s feminist films]]		[[Category:2000s feminist films]]
	~~[[Category:Indian films]]~~
	[[Category:Dystopian films]]		[[Category:Dystopian films]]
	[[Category:Films set in India]]		[[Category:Films set in India]]

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{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Matrubhoomi: A Nation Without Women
| image = Matrubhoomi poster.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Manish Jha]]
| producer = Patrick Sobelman, Punkej Kharbanda
| writer = Manish Jha
| narrator =
| starring = [[Tulip Joshi]] [[Sudhir Pandey]] [[Piyush Mishra]] [[Sushant Singh]] [[Aditya Srivastava]]
| music = [[Salim Sulaiman]]
| cinematography = [[Venu (cinematographer)|Venu]]
| editing = [[Ashmith Kunder]] [[Shirish Kunder]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2003|12|17|df=y}}
| runtime = 93 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Matrubhoomi: A Nation Without Women''''' ([[Hindi]]: मातृभूमि, [[translation]]: '''''Motherland''''') is a 2003 Indian [[Utopian and dystopian fiction|dystopian]] [[tragedy|tragedy film]] written and directed by [[Manish Jha]]. The film examines the impact of [[female foeticide]] and [[female infanticide]] on the [[human sex ratio|gender balance]] and consequently the stability and attitudes of society. Its storyline bears some resemblance to real-life instances of gender imbalance and economics resulting in [[fraternal polyandry]] and bride buying in some parts of India.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120211155730/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-07-16/india/27861707_1_agrarian-crisis-family-farm-punjab Draupadis bloom in rural Punjab] ''[[Times of India]]'', 16 July 2005.</ref> It depicts a [[future]] in an Indian village populated exclusively by males due to female infanticide over the years.<ref name=ny>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/296804/Matrubhoomi/overview |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821162254/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/296804/Matrubhoomi/overview |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-08-21 |department=Movies & TV Dept. |work=[[The New York Times]] |publisher=[[Baseline (database)|Baseline]] & [[All Movie Guide]] |author=Andrea LeVasseur |date=2008 |title=Matrubhoomi (2003)}}</ref>

''Matrubhoomi'' received widespread critical acclaim<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,488894,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080727025455/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,488894,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 July 2008 |title=More Than Chick Flicks|date=22 September 2003 |magazine=[[TIME]]}}</ref> and was shown at festivals through 2003, including the [[2003 Venice Film Festival]], where it was presented in the Critic's Week (Parallel Sections) and later awarded the [[FIPRESCI]] Award "For {{sic|it's}} important theme on women's issues and female infanticide handled with sensitivity by a first-time director".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fipresci.org/awards/awards/awards_2003.htm |title=2003 Awards: Venice (Italy, August 27 – September 6, 2003) |publisher=[[FIPRESCI]] website |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605190335/http://www.fipresci.org/awards/awards/awards_2003.htm |archivedate=5 June 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/sep/08/filmfestivals.filmnews |title=Ovation for Emma Thompson as low-budget art wins over hype in Venice|author=Derek Malcolm|author-link=Derek Malcolm|date=8 September 2003|work=The Guardian}}</ref>

==Plot==
The story begins in a rural village in [[Bihar]],<ref name=to/> with the delivery of a baby girl to a village couple. Her disappointed father, who was hoping for a boy, drowns her in vat of milk in a public ceremony. Many years later somewhere around 2050 A.D.,<ref name=to/> this unchecked trend leads to the village being populated mainly by males and a tiny number of older women. The now uncouth and aggressive young men of the village are desperate for wives and release their frustration through group screenings of imported [[pornographic films]], [[cross-dressing|cross-dressed]] dance performances, and even [[bestiality]]. They are shown to be willing to go to the lengths of [[human trafficking]] and courtship-driven [[emigration]] to procure spouses for themselves.

Ramcharan (Sudhir Pandey) a wealthy man and the father of five young men finds out about a single young girl, named Kalki ([[Tulip Joshi]]), living some distance from the village and buys her from her father. She is then married to all the five sons simultaneously. Each night of the week, she is forced to sleep with one of the men, including Ramcharan. Of all the men in the boorish lot, only the youngest son Sooraj ([[Sushant Singh]]) treats her with respect and tenderness.

Kalki develops a preference towards Sooraj, causing him to be killed by his jealous brothers. Kalki asks her father to help her escape but he is blinded by the money given to him as dowry, and he turns her down. A sympathetic domestic servant boy helps her to escape but he is brutally murdered by the brothers, while Kalki gets recaptured by them and they chained her to a post in a cow shed. She becomes a pawn in a game of revenge, in an inter-community conflict. The lower caste community of the village hold her responsible for the death of the servant boy, and decide to avenge the murder through [[gang rape]]. Kalki is then sent back to her husbands.

Kalki becomes pregnant and everybody rejoices. A new servant boy is appointed for her care. As the news spreads, every man in the area claims paternity of the unborn child, which causes violence to break out in the village. The men kill each other off over rights to Kalki and her child. In the meanwhile Kalki goes into labour. The film ends on a violent but hopeful note, as she births a baby girl.<ref name=ny/><ref name=ex/>

==Development and production==
Director Manish Jha's debut short film, ''A Very Very Silent Film'' (2001), had previously won the Jury Prize for the Best Short Film at the [[Cannes Film Festival]] in 2002.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0318161/awards A Very Very Silent Film: Award] ''[[IMDb]]''.</ref> He got the idea of ''Matrubhoomi'' upon reading, in a news magazine, about a village in [[Gujarat]] without women. Subsequently, while surfing the web, he read an article mentioning the fact that over the years, millions of girl children had fallen victims to gender discrimination in India. The film's French producer Patrick Sobelman asked Jha to produce a script outline on the subject, and he put out a two-page synopsis. Within a week he wrote a 200-page script, which he cut back to 70 pages. The project received a [[green-light|green light]] when its Indian producer Pankej Kharabanda came on board.<ref name="tele">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050522/asp/look/story_4770841.asp|title=Where have all the girls gone?|date=22 May 2005|work=The Telegraph}}</ref>

Having grown up in [[Bihar]], he said he was aware of the practice of female infanticide and wanted to write a script about a future village if the practice continued. As women became extinct, the film allowed him to bring to light issues like polyandry, bride buying and rape.<ref name="hin"/>

''Matrubhoomi'''s lead actress Tulip Joshi had refused the film after the first reading, but eventually decided to take it up. As she added, "But I'm glad I took it up finally, even though there was a point when I felt disgusted."<ref name=to/>

The film was shot on a tight budget of Rs. 2 [[crore]], in Renai, a remote village in [[Harda district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] in 29 days.<ref name="tele"/><ref name="hin">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/03/03/stories/2004030301120200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040920044526/http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/03/03/stories/2004030301120200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 September 2004 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Spectre of a world without women|date=3 March 2004}}</ref> The cast included actors from Delhi theatre circuit, Sushant Singh, Aditya Shrivastav, [[Piyush Mishra]] and Deepak Bandhu.

==Themes==
As per director, Manish Jha, "I wanted to examine the emotional and psychological impact of a society without women," ... "It is a very extreme situation ... a whole nation without women."<ref name=ex/>

The central character Kalki being married to five brothers is analogous to Queen [[Draupadi]] being married to the [[Pandava]] brothers in ''[[Mahabharata]]''. Kalki references to the forecast of [[Vishnu]]'s tenth incarnation, [[Kalki]], who would end the ''[[Kali Yuga]]''.<ref name=to>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/rape-the-future-of-the-indian-woman/articleshow/535355.cms|title=Rape: The future of the Indian woman?|date=3 March 2004|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Release==
After running through the festival circuit, including the [[60th Venice International Film Festival|2003 Venice Film Festival]], [[2003 Toronto International Film Festival]], ''Matrubhoomi'' was commercially released two years later on 8 July 2005, with 150 prints. It was dubbed into six languages, including [[Tamil language|Tamil]], Telugu, Bhojpuri, Gujarati, Bengali, and French, on a budget of Rs. 3 crore, to reach a wider audience.<ref name=ex>{{cite news |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=51284|title=Where women are extinct: Matrubhoomi|work=Indian Express |date=23 July 2005}}</ref><ref name="hi">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/06/11/stories/2005061100440300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105222212/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/06/11/stories/2005061100440300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 January 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=A world without women?|date=11 June 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=77699 |title=Film exploring women’s plight has Sridevi playing lucky mascot|date=3 March 2004|work=Indian Express}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[FIPRESCI]] Award in Parallel Section at the [[Venice Film Festival]] 2003<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0379375/awards Matrubhoomi Awards] ''[[IMDb]]''.</ref>
* Audience Award for Best Film at the Kozlin Film Festival 2003, Poland
* Audience Award for Best Foreign Film at [[Thessaloniki Film Festival]], 2003
* Nominated for [[Thessaloniki Film Festival#List of Golden Alexander winners|Golden Alexander]] (Best Film) at [[Thessaloniki Film Festival]], 2003
* Audience Award for Best Film at River to River. Florence Indian Film Festival, 2003

==Cast==
*[[Tulip Joshi]] – Kalki
*[[Sudhir Pandey]] – Ramsharan
*[[Sushant Singh]] – Sooraj
*Vinamra Pancharia – Raghu
*[[Aditya Srivastava]] – Raghu's Uncle
*[[Piyush Mishra]] – Jagannath
*[[imdbname:1201151|Mukesh S Bhatt]]- Raghu's elder brother
*[[Pankaj Jha]] – Rakesh
*Sanjay Kumar – Brijesh
*[[Rohitash Gaud]] – Pratab
*[[Rajesh Jais]] as Princess Pinkey
*Deepak Kumar Bandhu – Shailesh
*[[Amin Gazi]] – Sukha
*[[Chittaranjan Giri]] – Pappu

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0379375}}
* {{Allmovie title|296804}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2003 films]]
[[Category:2000s Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2000s science fiction drama films]]
[[Category:2000s feminist films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Dystopian films]]
[[Category:Films set in India]]
[[Category:Films set in Bihar]]
[[Category:Films set in 2050]]
[[Category:Indian feminist films]]
[[Category:Films about sex selection in India]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:Films about rape in India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films scored by Salim–Sulaiman]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction drama films]]
[[Category:2003 drama films]]

Matrubhoomi - Revision history

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