92.12.19.254 at 17:03, 2 May 2022

2022-05-02T17:03:06Z

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{{Short description|Entering a university}}
{{For|the expression "matriculating the ball down the field"|Matriculation (sports activity)}}
{{Lead too short|date=April 2021}}
[[File:Oxford Matriculation 2003.jpg|thumb|right|Students arriving for a matriculation ceremony at the Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford]]
'''Matriculation''' is the formal process of entering a [[university]], or of becoming eligible to enter by fulfilling certain academic requirements such as a [[matriculation examination]].

==Australia==
In Australia, the term "matriculation" is seldom used now. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, all states replaced the matriculation examination with either a certificate, such as the [[Higher School Certificate (New South Wales)|Higher School Certificate]] (HSC) in Victoria and NSW, or a university entrance exam such as the [[Tertiary Entrance Exam]] in Western Australia. These have all been renamed (except in NSW) as a state-based certificate, such as the [[Victorian Certificate of Education]] (VCE) or the [[Western Australian Certificate of Education]] (WACE).

==Bangladesh==
In Bangladesh, the "Matriculation" is the Secondary School Examination (SSC) taken at year 10, and the Intermediate Exams is the Higher Secondary Examination (HSC) taken at year 12. Bangladesh, like the rest of Indian sub-continent, still uses terms such as Matriculation Exams and Intermediate Exams taken from the days of the [[British Raj]] although in England itself these terms were replaced by 'O' or Ordinary Level Examinations (now called GCSEs) and 'A' or Advanced Level Examinations respectively.

==Brazil==

In Brazilian Portuguese, the word "matrícula" refers to the act of enrolling in an educational course, whether it be elementary, high school, college or post-graduate education.

==Canada==
In Canada, the term is used by some older universities to refer to orientation ("[[frosh]]") events,{{Citation needed|date=May 2007}} however some universities, including [[University of King's College]], still hold formal Matriculation ceremonies. [[University of Trinity College|Trinity College]] at the [[University of Toronto]] also holds formal matriculation ceremonies, during which time incoming students are required to sign a matriculation register, making the practice the closest in format to that conducted by [[Oxford]] and [[Cambridge]] colleges of any university in North America. The ceremony at King's is quite similar to the matriculation ceremonies held in universities such as Oxford or Cambridge. At [[McGill University]] in [[Montreal]], matriculation ceremonies have been substantially stripped down since the 1990s, although a speech by the Principal, typically held at [[Molson Stadium]], to the incoming class is still a ritualized annual tradition.
In [[Ontario]] during the era with [[Ontario Academic Credit|grade 13]], satisfactory completion of grade 12 was considered junior matriculation and satisfactory completion of grade 13 was senior matriculation. In [[Nova Scotia]], at the present time, Junior matriculation is grade 11 and senior matriculation is completion of grade 12.

==Czech Republic==
At [[Charles University in Prague]], the oldest and most prestigious university in the Czech Republic, matriculation is held at the Great Hall (Magna Aula). The ceremony is attended by students commencing their studies. It is intended as a demonstration of the adoption of student's duties and obtaining of student's rights. The ceremony itself involves students taking the Matriculation Oath of the University and symbolically touching the Faculty mace and shaking the Dean's hand.

Other Czech universities hold ceremonies similar to the one just described.

==Denmark==
In Denmark, the [[University of Copenhagen]] holds a matriculation ceremony each year. The ceremony is held in the Hall of Ceremony in the main building of the University. The ceremony begins with a procession with the rector and the deans in academic dress and other regalia. The ceremony continues with the rector listing the different faculties, after which the different student, shouts when their respective faculty is mentioned. The rector then delivers a speech, after which the rector and the deans leave the ceremony again in procession, after which a party is held on university grounds, to mark the admission of the new students.

==Finland==
{{main|Matriculation exam (Finland)}}
In [[Finland]], Matriculation (Finnish: ''Ylioppilastutkinto'', Swedish: ''Studentexamen'') is [[matriculation examination|the examination]] taken at the end of [[Secondary education]] to qualify for entry into [[University]]. In practice the test also constitutes the high school's final exams, although there is a separate diploma on graduating from high school, based not on the exam, but on the grades of individual courses. Since 1919, the test has been arranged by a national body, the Matriculation Examination Board. Before that, the administration of the test was the responsibility of the [[University of Helsinki]] (which until 1918 was the only university in Finland).

==Germany==
The German term ''Immatrikulation'' describes the administrative process of enrolling at university as a student. This can happen for winter semester and, depending on the degree program, also for summer semester. It does not involve a ceremony. A prerequisite for matriculation is generally the ''[[Abitur]]'', which is the standard matriculation examination in Germany, for regular universities and ''Fachhochschulreife'' for [[Fachhochschule|''Fachhochschulen'']] (Universities of Applied Sciences). Both ''Abitur'' and ''Fachhochschulreife'' are school leaving certificates which students receive after passing their final examinations at some types of German secondary schools.

==Hong Kong==
{{See also|Joint University Programmes Admissions System|Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education}}
In Hong Kong, the term is used interchangeably with the completion of [[sixth-form]]. After sitting for the [[HKCEE|Certificate of Education examinations]], eligible students receive two years of sixth-form education, upon completion, they sit for the [[HKALE|A-level examinations]]. Most secondary schools offer the sixth-form programme, and there are also a few sixth-form colleges. Students obtaining good grades in the A-level examinations will be admitted to a university. The [[334 Scheme|education reforms]] of Hong Kong in the 2000s have replaced the fourth- and fifth-form education, which prepared students for the HKCEE, and the sixth-form education with a three-year senior secondary education, which leads to the [[Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education]] Examination. The last sixth-form students graduated and took the A-level examinations in 2012; in the same year the first students studying the new senior secondary curriculum graduated and took the first HKDSE examinations.

==India==

In India, matriculation is a term commonly used to refer to the final year of the 10th class, which ends at tenth
Board (tenth grade), and the qualification consequently received by passing the [[Central Board of Secondary Education|national board exams]] or the [[Secondary School Certificate|state board exams]], commonly called "matriculation exams".

India still uses terms such as Matriculation Exams and Intermediate Exams taken from the days of [[British Raj|British rule]] although in England itself these terms were replaced by 'O' or Ordinary Level Examinations (now called [[GCSEs]]) and 'A' or Advanced Level Examinations.

English is the standard language for matriculation for science subjects, while regional languages are also an option. Most students who pass matriculation, or class 10, are 15–16 years old. Upon successfully passing, a student may continue onto the Higher secondary school. Most students who pass class 12 are 17–18 years old. The [[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]] and [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]] boards conduct twelfth standard courses nationally, while [[Higher Secondary (School) Certificate|state boards]] operate at the state-level. Although the basic curriculum is prescribed by the CBSE,{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} various scholarships are also provided to students appearing for matriculation exams like NTSE,<ref>{{Cite web|title=NTSE Eligibility|url=https://www.ntseguru.in/ntse-eligibility|access-date=2020-08-01|website=ntseguru.in}}</ref> NSO, NSTSC etc.

==Malaysia==
{{See also|Malaysian Matriculation Programme}}
In Malaysia, Matriculation programmes are run by public universities and the Ministry of Education (MoE). Matriculation programmes offered by public universities offer fewer options for further study upon completion of the said program as they are limited to that particular university.

The matriculation programme provided by the MoE is a one-year pre-U program sponsored by the Malaysian government. SPM ([[Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia]] or the Malaysian Certificate of Education) holders can apply for MoE Matriculation during their SPM year [Form 5]. Students that are offered the matriculation programme will be posted to several Matriculation Colleges within Malaysia.

After MoE Matriculation, they can further their studies in local universities within Malaysia. Several universities in United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand recognize the MoE Matriculation as a pre-U qualification.{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}}

Apart from the matriculation programmes, there is the STPM programme ([Sijil Tinggi Pelajaran Malaysia] or Malaysian Higher School Certificate), the standardised national examinations taken by [[Sixth form|Form 6]] students. STPM is different from the matriculation programme in terms of its duration (2 years vs. 1 year), syllabus (breadth and depth), marking method (standardised assessment nationwide vs. assessment by matriculation college itself) and passing rate.{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}}

==Nepal==
{{Main|School Leaving Certificate (Nepal)}}
In Nepal, it refers to the [[School Leaving Certificate (Nepal)|School Leaving Certificate (SLC)]] before now it is known as Secondary education examination (SEE) (As per new education act 2016) taken at year 10, before Intermediate Exams (Higher Secondary or 10+2) taken in subsequent two years prior to university entry. School leaving certificate (SLC) or Secondary education examination (SEE) is the main examination which is also called "Iron gate" in Nepal. Although SLC and 10+2 are widely used, some educational institutions follow the British system with O' or Ordinary Level Examinations (now called GCSE) and A' or Advanced Level Examinations respectively.

==Netherlands==
In the Netherlands high school is vertically segregated into several levels of education. Most students enter university after a specific high-school track, the Pre-university education (Voorbereidend Wetenschappelijk Onderwijs). This track is concluded by the Central Exam ([[Matriculation examination]]) regulated by Dutch law. After three years of the Pre-university education program, high-school students select one of four directions (roughly corresponding to languages, humanities and economics, biology and medicine, and hard sciences), the last 3 years of the pre-university education program is meant to prepare for University education within that direction.

==Pakistan==

In [[Pakistan]], matriculation (usually referred to as “matric”) is the term that refers to the final examinations that take place at the end of 9th and 10th grades.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Matric Result 2020 - 9th class and 10th class result, SSC part 1 and SSC part 2|url=https://matricboardresult.com/|website=Matric board result|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-14}}</ref> These examinations are usually taken up by students aged 14 to 16 years.

It results in the issuance of [[Secondary School Certificate]] (SSC) or [[Technical School Certificate]] (TSC). After the SSC (or TSC), students may proceed for 11th year of education at a higher secondary school. After successful completion of 11th (HSSC-1) and 12th (HSSC-2) years in college, they get the [[Higher Secondary School Certificate]] (HSSC) and become eligible to enter universities in Pakistan or in other countries. Pakistan still uses terms such as Matriculation Exams and Intermediate Exams taken from the days of [[British Raj|British rule]], although in England itself these terms were replaced with 'O' or Ordinary Level Examinations (now called GCSEx) and 'A' or Advanced Level Examination.

==South Africa==
{{main|Matriculation (South Africa)}}
In [[South Africa]], '''matriculation''' (or '''matric''') is the final year of [[high school]] and the qualification received on graduating from high school, and the minimum university entrance requirements. The first formal examination was conducted in South Africa under the [[University of the Cape of Good Hope]] in 1858.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.education.gov.za/Examinations/tabid/338/Default.aspx |title=Examinations |publisher=Education.gov.za |access-date=2013-07-06}}</ref>

South African universities do not set their own entrance examinations, although many use standardized entrance tests of linguistic, numerical and mathematical ability, called the National Benchmark Tests,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aarp.ac.za |title=National Benchmark Test Project | |publisher=Aarp.ac.za |access-date=2013-07-06}}</ref> split into the AQL Test (Academic and Quantitative Literacy) and the Mathematics Test.

==United Kingdom==
In the British universities of [[University of Oxford|Oxford]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Matriculation {{!}} University of Oxford|url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/new/matriculation|access-date=2020-11-07|website=www.ox.ac.uk}}</ref> [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]],<ref>{{acad|id=NWTN661I|name=Newton, Sir Isaac}} As an example of the continual use of the term matriculation in the ACAD database for any student entering any of the Colleges at Cambridge</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Brown|first=Barney|date=2014-11-04|title=Arrival|url=https://www.cambridgestudents.cam.ac.uk/new-students/arrival|access-date=2020-11-07|website=www.cambridgestudents.cam.ac.uk|language=en}}</ref> [[University of St Andrews|St Andrews]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Matriculation {{!}} Current Students {{!}} University of St Andrews|url=https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/students/academic/matriculation/#:~:text=Matriculation%20Matriculation%20is%20the%20process%20by%20which%20you,matriculation%20event%20in%20orientation%20week.%20Matriculation%20September%202020|access-date=2020-11-07|website=www.st-andrews.ac.uk|language=en-GB}}</ref> [[University of Edinburgh|Edinburgh]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Matriculation explained|url=https://www.ed.ac.uk/student-systems/support-guidance/students/matriculation/matriculation-intro|access-date=2020-11-07|website=The University of Edinburgh|language=en}}</ref> [[University of Durham|Durham]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ustinov College : Matriculation - Durham University|url=https://www.dur.ac.uk/ustinov.college/welcome/matriculation/|access-date=2020-11-07|website=www.dur.ac.uk}}</ref> and the [[New College of the Humanities]],<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Square|first1=New College of the Humanities 19 Bedford|last2=London|last3=Wc1b 3hh|title=Undergraduate Freshers 2020 Guide|url=https://www.nchlondon.ac.uk/offer-holders/freshers-guide/|access-date=2020-11-07|website=New College of the Humanities|language=en-US}}</ref> the term is used for the ceremony at which new students are entered into the register (in [[Latin]] ''[[matricula]]'') of the university, at which point they become members of the university. Oxford requires matriculants to wear academic dress with [[Academic dress of Oxford University|subfusc]] during the ceremony.<ref name=":0" /> At Cambridge and Durham, policy regarding the wearing of academic dress varies amongst the colleges. Separate matriculation ceremonies are held by some of the colleges in Durham. Also at Durham, not all students are entered into the register, but one person from each college is selected to sign their own name for the whole college. At the University of St Andrews as well as the other [[ancient universities of Scotland]], matriculation involves signing the [[Sponsio Academica]], a pledge to abide by university rules and to support the institution. In 2015, [[Bishop Grosseteste University]] Lincoln introduced a Matriculation event for all new students.

At most British universities there is no formal ceremony. The term "matriculation" is not used by many, with the terms "enrolment" and "registration" being more commonly employed to describe the administrative process of becoming a member of the university.

At Oxford and Cambridge, matriculation was formerly associated with entrance examinations taken before or shortly after matriculation, known as [[Responsions]] at Oxford and the [[Previous Examination]] at Cambridge, both abolished in 1960. University-wide entrance examinations were subsequently re-introduced at both universities, but abolished in 1995. More limited subject-based tests have since been introduced.

==United States==
In the United States, universities and colleges that have a formal matriculation ceremony include: [[Adrian College]], [[Albion College]], [[Anna Maria College]], [[Asbury University]], [[Assumption College (Worcester)|Assumption College]], [[Belmont Abbey College]], [[Belmont University]], [[Boston College]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bc.edu/offices/fye/conversations.html |title=Conversations in the First Year — Boston College |publisher=Bc.edu |date=2010-08-25 |access-date=2010-09-14}}</ref> [[Boston University]], [[Carnegie Mellon University]], [[The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina]], [[Columbia University]], [[Culver-Stockton College]], [[Dartmouth College]], [[Duquesne University]], [[Hamline University]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hamline.edu/ |title=Hamline University | Saint Paul, Minnesota |publisher=Hamline.edu |access-date=2010-09-14}}</ref> [[Harvard University]], [[Jacksonville University|Jacksonville University in Jacksonville, FL]], [[Kalamazoo College]], [[Kenyon College]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kenyon.edu/x6916.xml |title=Archived copy |access-date=2007-05-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20060901095052/http://www.kenyon.edu/x6916.xml |archive-date=2006-09-01 }}</ref> [[Lawrence University]], [[Lyndon State College]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lyndonstate.edu/ |title=Lyndon — A Vermont State College |publisher=Lyndonstate.edu |access-date=2010-09-14}}</ref> [[Lyon College]], [[Marietta College]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marietta.edu/academics/traditions/matriculation/index.html |title=URL retrieved 2007-August-26. |publisher=Marietta.edu |access-date=2010-09-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528154846/http://www.marietta.edu/academics/traditions/matriculation/index.html |archive-date=2010-05-28 }}</ref> [[McKendree University]],<ref>[http://www.mckendree.edu/news/nso-2012.php Class of 2016 Matriculates at McKendree] Retrieved 2012-August-25.</ref> [[Mount Holyoke College]], [[Mount Union College]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.muc.edu/Newsroom/matriculation_convocation_welcomes_freshmen_to_mount_union.aspx,|title=URL retrieved 2008-April-11|work=muc.edu}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Moravian College]], [[Muhlenberg College]], [[Occidental College]], [[Randolph-Macon College]], [[Rice University]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rmc.edu/News/09-09-04%20Matriculation%20Ceremony.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-12-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805141715/http://www.rmc.edu/News/09-09-04%20Matriculation%20Ceremony.aspx |archive-date=2012-08-05 }}</ref> [[Saint Leo University]], [[Scripps College]], [[Trinity College (Connecticut)|Trinity College]], [[Tufts University]], The [[University of Saint Mary (Kansas)]], [[University of Wisconsin–Baraboo/Sauk County]], [[Virginia Military Institute]], [[Wabash College]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.wabash.edu/dearoldwabash/2014/09/04/ringing-in-the-new-a-special-time-at-wabash/|title=Ringing in the new – a special time at Wabash {{!}} Dear Old Wabash|website=blog.wabash.edu|language=en-US|access-date=2017-04-12}}</ref> [[Walsh University]], [[Washington and Jefferson College]], and [[Willamette University]]. Some medical schools highlight matriculation with a [[white coat ceremony]]. For example, UAB School of Medicine<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uab.edu|title=UAB - The University of Alabama at Birmingham - Home|access-date=13 January 2016}}</ref> does so.

At most universities and colleges in the United States, "matriculation" refers to mere enrollment or registration as a student at a university or college by a student intending to earn a degree, an event which involves no special ceremony.

===Special student===
Universities and colleges in the United States commonly have a category of students known as '''special students''',<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gsas.harvard.edu/programs_of_study/special_students_admissions.php |title=Special Students: Admissions |website=Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences |access-date=January 7, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128000441/http://www.gsas.harvard.edu/programs_of_study/special_students_admissions.php |archive-date=November 28, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://continuingstudies.wisc.edu/advising/univspec.htm |title=University Special Students |website=University of Wisconsin – Madison Continuing Education |access-date=January 7, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.mit.edu/admissions/graduate/special.html |title=Undergraduate Special Student Admissions |website=MIT Graduate Admissions |access-date=January 7, 2016 }}</ref> '''non-matriculated students'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stonybrook.edu/spd/graduate/nonmatric.html |title=Non-Matriculated Graduate Student Status |website=Stonybrook University School of Professional Development |access-date=January 7, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231232515/http://www.stonybrook.edu/spd/graduate/nonmatric.html |archive-date=December 31, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grad.washington.edu/admissions/gnm.shtml |title=Graduate Non-Matriculated Students |website=University of Washington |access-date=January 7, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115233413/http://www.grad.washington.edu/admissions/gnm.shtml |archive-date=November 15, 2015 }}</ref> or '''non-matriculating students'''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sasundergrad.rutgers.edu/current-students/nonmatriculating-students |title=Nonmatriculating Students |website=Rutgers School of Arts and Sciences |access-date=January 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305024603/http://sasundergrad.rutgers.edu/current-students/nonmatriculating-students |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Generally these are students who are not merely auditing a class, but receive credit which is potentially transferable, pay full tuition, and often receive benefits that other students receive such as access to facilities and health care. These students typically are enrolled as matriculated students at other institutions and are visiting scholars of some type. However, sometimes students attend classes for the purpose of a standalone non-degree education.

==See also==
* [[Matriculation examination]]
*[[Matriculation Certificate (disambiguation)|Matriculation certificate]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{wiktionary-inline|matriculation}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Academic terminology]]
[[Category:Standardized tests]]
[[Category:School qualifications]]

Matriculation - Revision history

92.12.19.254 at 17:03, 2 May 2022