Mathura - Revision history

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	There are many places of historic and religious importance in Mathura and its neighbouring towns.<ref name=holycity>{{cite news \|title=Mathura: Mathura gets five more 'teerth sthals' \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/mathura-gets-five-more-teerth-sthals/articleshow/63434923.cms \|access-date=23 November 2021 \|work=The Times of India \|date=24 May 2018 \|language=en}}</ref>		There are many places of historic and religious importance in Mathura and its neighbouring towns.<ref name=holycity>{{cite news \|title=Mathura: Mathura gets five more 'teerth sthals' \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/mathura-gets-five-more-teerth-sthals/articleshow/63434923.cms \|access-date=23 November 2021 \|work=The Times of India \|date=24 May 2018 \|language=en}}</ref>

	[[Krishna Janmasthan Temple Complex]] is an important group of temples built around what is considered to be the birthplace of [[Krishna]].<ref name=Avatar>{{cite book\|last=Krishna\|first=Nanditha\|title=The Book of Avatars and Divinities\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfV5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT99\|year=2018\|publisher=Penguin Random House India\|isbn=9780143446880}}</ref><ref name="Vemsani">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4fw2DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA140\|title=Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names\|last=Vemsani\|first=Lavanya\|publisher=ABC-CLIO\|year=2016\|isbn=978-1-61069-211-3\|pages=140–141}}</ref> The temple complex contains Keshav Deva temple, Garbha Griha shrine, Bhagavata Bhavan and the Rangabhoomi where the final battle between Krishna and [[Kans\|Kamsa]] took place.<ref name=Janm>{{Cite web\|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/devotees-throng-krishna-janmbhumi-in-ups-mathura-on-occasion-of-janmashtami/videoshow/70819935.cms\|title=Devotees throng 'Krishna Janmbhumi' in UP's Mathura on occasion of 'Janmashtami'\|first1=ANI \| 24\|last1=Aug 2019\|first2=07:07 Pm\|last2=Ist\|via=economictimes.indiatimes.com}}</ref~~><ref name=Prasad/><ref name=Britishlibrary/><ref name=Avatar/~~>		[[Krishna Janmasthan Temple Complex]] is an important group of temples built around what is considered to be the birthplace of [[Krishna]].<ref name=Avatar>{{cite book\|last=Krishna\|first=Nanditha\|title=The Book of Avatars and Divinities\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfV5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT99\|year=2018\|publisher=Penguin Random House India\|isbn=9780143446880}}</ref><ref name="Vemsani">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4fw2DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA140\|title=Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names\|last=Vemsani\|first=Lavanya\|publisher=ABC-CLIO\|year=2016\|isbn=978-1-61069-211-3\|pages=140–141}}</ref> The temple complex contains Keshav Deva temple, Garbha Griha shrine, Bhagavata Bhavan and the Rangabhoomi where the final battle between Krishna and [[Kans\|Kamsa]] took place.<ref name=Prasad/><ref name=Britishlibrary/><ref name=Avatar/><ref name=Janm>{{Cite web\|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/devotees-throng-krishna-janmbhumi-in-ups-mathura-on-occasion-of-janmashtami/videoshow/70819935.cms\|title=Devotees throng 'Krishna Janmbhumi' in UP's Mathura on occasion of 'Janmashtami'\|first1=ANI \| 24\|last1=Aug 2019\|first2=07:07 Pm\|last2=Ist\|via=economictimes.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

	The [[Dwarkadheesh temple Mathura\|Dwarkadheesh Temple]] is one of the largest temples in Mathura.<ref name=Prasad/> [[Vishram Ghat]] at the bank of river Yamuna is said to be the place were Krishna had rested after killing [[Kans\|Kamsa]].<ref name=Prasad/>		The [[Dwarkadheesh temple Mathura\|Dwarkadheesh Temple]] is one of the largest temples in Mathura.<ref name=Prasad/> [[Vishram Ghat]] at the bank of river Yamuna is said to be the place were Krishna had rested after killing [[Kans\|Kamsa]].<ref name=Prasad/>

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2023-07-31T12:30:40Z

One category less

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:00, 31 July 2023
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	[[Category:Ancient Indian cities]]		[[Category:Ancient Indian cities]]
	[[Category:Krishna temples]]		[[Category:Krishna temples]]
	~~[[Category:Hinduism]]~~
	[[Category:Krishna]]		[[Category:Krishna]]

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:46, 23 June 2022
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	{{Short description\|~~City~~ in Uttar Pradesh, India}}		{{Short description\|Town in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
	{{About\|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India\|its namesake district\|Mathura district}}		{{About\|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India\|its namesake district\|Mathura district}}
	{{Other uses\|Mathura (disambiguation)}}		{{Other uses\|Mathura (disambiguation)}}
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	\| color = white		\| color = white
	\| size = 266		\| size = 266
	\| foot_montage = Clockwise from top : [[Mathura Museum]], [[Radha Rani Temple]] in [[Barsana]], [[Vishram Ghat]] on banks of river [[Yamuna]], one of the many Ancient Temple in Mathura, Sri Rangaaji Temple, Old street in front of the Krishna Mandir and [[Naam yog Sadhna Mandir\|Jai Gurudev Temple]]}}		\| foot_montage = '''Clockwise from top:''' [[Mathura Museum]], [[Radha Rani Temple]] in [[Barsana]], [[Vishram Ghat]] on banks of river [[Yamuna]], one of the many Ancient Temple in Mathura, Sri Rangaaji Temple, Old street in front of the Krishna Mandir and [[Naam yog Sadhna Mandir\|Jai Gurudev Temple]]}}
	\| image_alt = Mathura		\| image_alt = Mathura
	\| nickname = Krishnanagri; The City of Lord Krishna		\| nickname = Krishnanagri; The City of Lord Krishna
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	'''Mathura''' ({{audio\|Mathura.ogg\|pronunciation}}) is a city and the administrative headquarters of [[Mathura district]] in the [[states and union territories of India\|Indian state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is located approximately {{convert\|57.6\|km}} north of [[Agra]], and {{convert\|166\|km}} south-east of [[Delhi]]; about {{convert\|14.5\|km}} from the town of [[Vrindavan]], and {{convert\|22\|km}} from [[Govardhan]]. In ancient times, Mathura was an [[economic]] hub, located at the junction of important [[caravan (travellers)\|caravan]] routes. The [[2011 Census of India]] estimated the population of Mathura at 441,894.		'''Mathura''' ({{audio\|Mathura.ogg\|pronunciation}}) is a city and the administrative headquarters of [[Mathura district]] in the [[states and union territories of India\|Indian state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is located approximately {{convert\|57.6\|km}} north of [[Agra]], and {{convert\|166\|km}} south-east of [[Delhi]]; about {{convert\|14.5\|km}} from the town of [[Vrindavan]], and {{convert\|22\|km}} from [[Govardhan]]. In ancient times, Mathura was an [[economic]] hub, located at the junction of important [[caravan (travellers)\|caravan]] routes. The [[2011 Census of India]] estimated the population of Mathura at 441,894.

	In [[Hinduism]], Mathura is birthplace of ~~God~~ [[Krishna]], which is located at the [[Krishna Janmasthan Temple Complex]].<ref name=Prasad>{{cite book\|last=Prasad\|first=Dev\|author-link=Dev Prasad\|title=Krishna: A Journey through the Lands & Legends of Krishna\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0_5caqiUH0C&pg=PT22\|year=2015\|publisher=Jaico Publishing House\|isbn=978-81-8495-170-7\|page=22}}</ref> It is one of the [[Sapta Puri]], the seven cities considered holy by [[Hindus]], also called as Mokshyadayni Tirth. The [[Kesava Deo Temple]] was built in ancient times on the site of Krishna's birthplace (an underground [[prison]]). Mathura was the capital of the kingdom of [[Surasena]], ruled by [[Kamsa\|Kansa]], the maternal uncle of Krishna. [[Janmashtami]] is grandly celebrated in Mathura every year.		In [[Hinduism]], Mathura is birthplace of the god [[Krishna]], which is located at the [[Krishna Janmasthan Temple Complex]].<ref name=Prasad>{{cite book\|last=Prasad\|first=Dev\|author-link=Dev Prasad\|title=Krishna: A Journey through the Lands & Legends of Krishna\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0_5caqiUH0C&pg=PT22\|year=2015\|publisher=Jaico Publishing House\|isbn=978-81-8495-170-7\|page=22}}</ref> It is one of the [[Sapta Puri]], the seven cities considered holy by [[Hindus]], also called Mokshyadayni Tirth. The [[Kesava Deo Temple]] was built in ancient times on the site of Krishna's birthplace (an underground [[prison]]). Mathura was the capital of the kingdom of [[Surasena]], ruled by [[Kamsa\|Kansa]], the maternal uncle of Krishna. [[Janmashtami]] is grandly celebrated in Mathura every year.

	Mathura has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for the [[Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana]] scheme of Government of India.<ref name=holycity/>		Mathura has been chosen as one of the heritage cities for the [[Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana]] scheme of Government of India.<ref name=holycity/>
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	===Ancient history===		===Ancient history===
	Archaeological excavations at Mathura show the gradual growth of a village into an important city during the [[Vedic age]]. The earliest period belonged to the [[Painted Grey Ware culture]] (1100–500 BCE), followed by the [[Northern Black Polished Ware]] culture (700–200 BCE). Mathura derived its importance as a center of trade due to its location where the [[Grand Trunk Road\|northern trade route]] of the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]] met with the routes to [[Malwa]] (central India) and the [[Western India\|west coast]].<ref name="Singh2008">{{cite book\|author=Upinder Singh\|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA281\|year=2008\|publisher=Pearson Education India\|isbn=978-81-317-1120-0\|pages=281, 336}}</ref> Archaeologists have discovered a fragment of Mathura red sandstone from [[Rakhigarhi]] - a site of [[Indus Valley ~~Civilisation~~\|Indus Valley civilization]] dated to third millennium BCE - which was used as a grindstone; red sandstone was also a popular material for [[Art of Mathura\|historic period sculptures]].<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=S.gautam\|first1=Mantabya\|last2=Law\|first2=Randall\|last3=Garge\|first3=Tejas\|title=Initial Geologic Provenience Studies of Stone and Metal Artefacts from Rakhigarhi\|url=https://www.academia.edu/10827842\|language=en}}</ref>		Archaeological excavations at Mathura show the gradual growth of a village into an important city during the [[Vedic age]]. The earliest period belonged to the [[Painted Grey Ware culture]] (1100–500 BCE), followed by the [[Northern Black Polished Ware]] culture (700–200 BCE). Mathura derived its importance as a center of trade due to its location where the [[Grand Trunk Road\|northern trade route]] of the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]] met with the routes to [[Malwa]] (central India) and the [[Western India\|west coast]].<ref name="Singh2008">{{cite book\|author=Upinder Singh\|title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA281\|year=2008\|publisher=Pearson Education India\|isbn=978-81-317-1120-0\|pages=281, 336}}</ref> Archaeologists have discovered a fragment of Mathura red sandstone from [[Rakhigarhi]] - a site of [[Indus Valley civilisation\|Indus Valley civilization]] dated to third millennium BCE - which was used as a grindstone; red sandstone was also a popular material for [[Art of Mathura\|historic period sculptures]].<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=S.gautam\|first1=Mantabya\|last2=Law\|first2=Randall\|last3=Garge\|first3=Tejas\|title=Initial Geologic Provenience Studies of Stone and Metal Artefacts from Rakhigarhi\|url=https://www.academia.edu/10827842\|language=en}}</ref>

	By the sixth century BCE Mathura became the capital of the [[Surasena\|Surasena Kingdom]].<ref name=ImpGazetteer /> The city was later ruled by the [[Maurya]] empire (fourth to second centuries BCE). [[Megasthenes]], writing in the early third century BCE, mentions Mathura as a great city under the name Μέθορα (''Méthora'').<ref>Megasthenes, fragment 23 "The Surasenians, an Indian tribe, with two great cities, Methora and Clisobora; the navigable river [[Iomanes]] flows through their territory" quoted in [[Arrian]] Indica 8.5. Also "The river Jomanes ([[Yamuna]]) flows through the Palibothri into the Ganges between the towns Methora and Carisobora." in [http://www.mssu.edu/projectsouthasia/history/primarydocs/Foreign_Views/GreekRoman/Megasthenes-Indika.htm FRAGM. LVI. Plin. Hist. Nat. VI. 21. 8–23. 11.] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210080315/http://www.mssu.edu/projectsouthasia/history/primarydocs/Foreign_Views/GreekRoman/Megasthenes-Indika.htm \|date=10 December 2008 }}</ref> It seems it never was under the direct control of the following [[Shunga Empire\|Shunga]] dynasty (2nd century BCE) as not a single archaeological remain of a Shunga presence were ever found in Mathura.<ref name="Rhie"/>		By the sixth century BCE Mathura became the capital of the [[Surasena\|Surasena Kingdom]].<ref name=ImpGazetteer /> The city was later ruled by the [[Maurya]] empire (fourth to second centuries BCE). [[Megasthenes]], writing in the early third century BCE, mentions Mathura as a great city under the name Μέθορα (''Méthora'').<ref>Megasthenes, fragment 23 "The Surasenians, an Indian tribe, with two great cities, Methora and Clisobora; the navigable river [[Iomanes]] flows through their territory" quoted in [[Arrian]] Indica 8.5. Also "The river Jomanes ([[Yamuna]]) flows through the Palibothri into the Ganges between the towns Methora and Carisobora." in [http://www.mssu.edu/projectsouthasia/history/primarydocs/Foreign_Views/GreekRoman/Megasthenes-Indika.htm FRAGM. LVI. Plin. Hist. Nat. VI. 21. 8–23. 11.] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210080315/http://www.mssu.edu/projectsouthasia/history/primarydocs/Foreign_Views/GreekRoman/Megasthenes-Indika.htm \|date=10 December 2008 }}</ref> It seems it never was under the direct control of the following [[Shunga Empire\|Shunga]] dynasty (2nd century BCE) as not a single archaeological remain of a Shunga presence were ever found in Mathura.<ref name="Rhie"/>
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	===Road===		===Road===
	Mathura is well-connected by road to the rest of India. [[National highways of India\|National Highway]] NH-19(previously [[National Highway 2 (India)\|NH-2]]) from Delhi to Kolkata, with diversion for Chennai also passes through Mathura. [[Yamuna Expressway]] from Greater-Noida to Agra (165 km 6 lane access controlled express highway) also passes through, providing good connectivity to Noida, Agra and Lucknow.		Mathura is well-connected by road to the rest of India. [[National highways of India\|National Highway]] NH-19(previously [[National Highway 2 (India)\|NH-2]]) from Delhi to Kolkata, with diversion for Chennai also passes through Mathura. [[Yamuna Expressway]] from Greater-Noida to Agra (165 km 6 lane access controlled express highway) also passes through, providing good connectivity to Noida, Agra, Kanpur and Lucknow.

	===Tram===		===Tram===

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Khan786: Created page with "{{Short description|City in Uttar Pradesh, India}} {{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Mathura district}} {{Other uses|Mathura (disambiguati..."

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Created page with "{{Short description|City in Uttar Pradesh, India}} {{About|the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Mathura district}} {{Other uses|Mathura (disambiguati..."

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← Older revision		Revision as of 00:07, 8 October 2023
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	There are many places of historic and religious importance in Mathura and its neighbouring towns.<ref name=holycity>{{cite news \|title=Mathura: Mathura gets five more 'teerth sthals' \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/mathura-gets-five-more-teerth-sthals/articleshow/63434923.cms \|access-date=23 November 2021 \|work=The Times of India \|date=24 May 2018 \|language=en}}</ref>		There are many places of historic and religious importance in Mathura and its neighbouring towns.<ref name=holycity>{{cite news \|title=Mathura: Mathura gets five more 'teerth sthals' \|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/mathura-gets-five-more-teerth-sthals/articleshow/63434923.cms \|access-date=23 November 2021 \|work=The Times of India \|date=24 May 2018 \|language=en}}</ref>

	[[Krishna Janmasthan Temple Complex]] is an important group of temples built around what is considered to be the birthplace of [[Krishna]].<ref name=Avatar>{{cite book\|last=Krishna\|first=Nanditha\|title=The Book of Avatars and Divinities\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfV5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT99\|year=2018\|publisher=Penguin Random House India\|isbn=9780143446880}}</ref><ref name="Vemsani">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4fw2DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA140\|title=Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names\|last=Vemsani\|first=Lavanya\|publisher=ABC-CLIO\|year=2016\|isbn=978-1-61069-211-3\|pages=140–141}}</ref> The temple complex contains Keshav Deva temple, Garbha Griha shrine, Bhagavata Bhavan and the Rangabhoomi where the final battle between Krishna and [[Kans\|Kamsa]] took place.<ref name=Janm>{{Cite web\|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/devotees-throng-krishna-janmbhumi-in-ups-mathura-on-occasion-of-janmashtami/videoshow/70819935.cms\|title=Devotees throng 'Krishna Janmbhumi' in UP's Mathura on occasion of 'Janmashtami'\|first1=ANI \| 24\|last1=Aug 2019\|first2=07:07 Pm\|last2=Ist\|via=economictimes.indiatimes.com}}</ref~~><ref name=Prasad/><ref name=Britishlibrary/><ref name=Avatar/~~>		[[Krishna Janmasthan Temple Complex]] is an important group of temples built around what is considered to be the birthplace of [[Krishna]].<ref name=Avatar>{{cite book\|last=Krishna\|first=Nanditha\|title=The Book of Avatars and Divinities\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BfV5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT99\|year=2018\|publisher=Penguin Random House India\|isbn=9780143446880}}</ref><ref name="Vemsani">{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4fw2DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA140\|title=Krishna in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names: An Encyclopedia of the Hindu Lord of Many Names\|last=Vemsani\|first=Lavanya\|publisher=ABC-CLIO\|year=2016\|isbn=978-1-61069-211-3\|pages=140–141}}</ref> The temple complex contains Keshav Deva temple, Garbha Griha shrine, Bhagavata Bhavan and the Rangabhoomi where the final battle between Krishna and [[Kans\|Kamsa]] took place.<ref name=Prasad/><ref name=Britishlibrary/><ref name=Avatar/><ref name=Janm>{{Cite web\|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/devotees-throng-krishna-janmbhumi-in-ups-mathura-on-occasion-of-janmashtami/videoshow/70819935.cms\|title=Devotees throng 'Krishna Janmbhumi' in UP's Mathura on occasion of 'Janmashtami'\|first1=ANI \| 24\|last1=Aug 2019\|first2=07:07 Pm\|last2=Ist\|via=economictimes.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

	The [[Dwarkadheesh temple Mathura\|Dwarkadheesh Temple]] is one of the largest temples in Mathura.<ref name=Prasad/> [[Vishram Ghat]] at the bank of river Yamuna is said to be the place were Krishna had rested after killing [[Kans\|Kamsa]].<ref name=Prasad/>		The [[Dwarkadheesh temple Mathura\|Dwarkadheesh Temple]] is one of the largest temples in Mathura.<ref name=Prasad/> [[Vishram Ghat]] at the bank of river Yamuna is said to be the place were Krishna had rested after killing [[Kans\|Kamsa]].<ref name=Prasad/>