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{{Short description|Mosque in Mandya, Karnataka, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{for|similarly named mosques|List of grand mosques}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = {{ubl|Masjid-i-Ala|{{small|(Juma Masjid)}}}}
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| image = Bangalore-Srirangapatna-Jama-Masjid.jpg
| image_upright = 1.4
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| caption = A panoramic view of the mosque, in 2016
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]
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| organisational_status = [[Congregational mosque]]
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| functional_status = Active
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| location = [[Srirangapatna Fort]], [[Srirangapatna]], [[Mandya district|Mandya]], [[Karnataka]]
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| country = [[India]]
| map_type = India Karnataka
| map_size = 250
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| map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[Karnataka]]
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| administration = [[Archaeological Survey of India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|12.414|N|76.704|E|region:IN-KA_type:landmark|format=dms|display=it}}
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| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architecture_style = [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]]
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| year_completed = {{circa|1787}}
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| minaret_quantity = Two
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| inscriptions = Three
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| module = {{Infobox historic site
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| designation1 = MANI | designation1_offname = Masjid-i-Ala | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = [[Srirangapatna Fort]] | designation1_number = N-KA-B149 | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = }}
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}}
The '''Masjid-i-Ala''', also called the '''Jama Masjid''' or '''Jama Mosque''', is a [[congregational mosque|Friday mosque]], located inside the [[Srirangapatna Fort]] in [[Srirangapatna]] in [[Mandya District]] in [[Karnataka]]. It was built in 1786–87, during the rule of [[Tipu Sultan]].

The structure is a [[Monuments of National Importance (India)|Monument of National Importance]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka, Dharwad Circle |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_karnataka_dharwad.asp |work=[[Archaeological Survey of India]] |publisher=Government of India}}</ref> maintained and administered by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]].

==History==
The [[Srirangapatna Fort]] is believed to have been built in 1454 [[Common Era|CE]] by [[Timmanna Nayaka]], a ruler of [[Vijayanagar Empire]]. The fort was taken up by Wodeyars in 1495, Nawab of Arcot, Peshwas and subsequently by the [[Marathas]].<ref name=Verma/> During the rule of Krishnaraja Wodeyar (1734–66), the kingdom became a strong military force and came under the control of the military general [[Hyder Ali]], the father of [[Tipu Sultan]].<ref name=Tovey>{{cite book |title=Cor Blimey! Where 'Ave You Come From? |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lM3-DLEkZFcC&q=srirangapatna+fort&pg=PT29 |pages=29–32 |last=Tovey |first=Winifred |isbn=9780956535948 |publisher=M-Y Books Distribution |date=2013-02-14}}</ref> During 1782, Tipu Sultan, the son of Hyder Ali, took the reign of the fort and built fortifications. Tipu was invaded many times by the British forces.<ref name=Verma/>

Tipu Sultan built the mosque close to his palace during 1786-87.<ref name=IB/><ref>{{cite news |title=Don't name university after Tipu: Writer |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2012/nov/21/dont-name-university-after-tipu-writer-426685.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=21 November 2012 |access-date=21 January 2017}}</ref> The mosque has three inscriptions that mention the nine names of [[Muhammad]], an [[Islamic prophet]]. The inscriptions also mention that Tipu Sultan was the builder of the mosque. The mosque has a [[madrasa]] and a [[cloister]] for rooms.<ref name=ASI>{{cite web |title=Juma Masjid (Masjid-E-Ala), Srirangapatna |url=http://asibengalurucircle.in/juma-masjid-masjid-e-ala-srirangapatna |publisher=[[Archeological Survey of India]] |year=2018 |access-date=23 October 2021}}</ref>

=== Wars ===
After several unsuccessful attempts, British forces under the command of [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Colonel Wellesly]], made an attack on 4 May 1799 under the covers. The forces had 2,494 British officers and 1 lakh Maratha cavalry and Nizams soldiers totaling to a force of more than 2 and half lakh which attached less than 20 thousand soldiers in the fort who defended bravely, had it not been to Mir Sadaq they would have repelled the invaders successfully. The minister mixed dung and water in the gun powder <ref name=Tovey/> Tipu was killed in the battle and the English had a treaty with the Wodeyar queen.<ref name=Verma>{{cite book|title=Forts of India |last=Verma |first=Amrit |year=2003 |publisher=The Director, Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India |pages=91–93 |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-230-1002-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Splendours of Royal Mysore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3aFmtr4MdLQC&q=srirangapatna+fort&pg=PT85 |page=54 |publisher=Rupa Publications |isbn=9788129115355 |last=Sampath |first=Vikram |year=2008}}</ref><ref name=British>{{cite web |title=Ring and sword of Tipu Sultan |url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/asia/r/ring_and_sword_of_tipu_sultan.aspx |publisher=British Museum |access-date=24 June 2015}}</ref>

=== 20th-century controversy ===
[[File:P.61, Annual Report of the Mysore Archeological Department, 1935.jpg|300px|thumb|Jamia Mosque Seringapatam controversy<ref name="1935Report" />|right]]
There were demands from Hindu groups that the structure was originally a [[Hanuman temple]]. The Hindu groups demanded that [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]], or Hindu Worship of Hamuman, or Anjenya be permitted at the mosque. The Hindu groups claimed that Tipu Sultan had forcibly removed the Hindu deities and converted it into a mosque. The Hindu groups pointed to the 1935 Annual Report of the Mysore Archeological Department, published by the [[Government of Karnataka|Mysore Government]] as evidence to back their claims. Further, they claimed that the motifs on the granite pillars had Hindu deities and Hindu iconography, and an emblem of the [[Hoysala empire]] was evident. According to the 1935 report, a Muslim fakir had made a young Tippu promise him that the temple would be converted into a mosque after he had taken power over Mysore, and on assuming power Tippu had made good his promise.<ref name="Udayvani">{{cite news |title=Row over Jamia Mosque in Srirangapatna |url=https://www.udayavani.com/english-news/row-over-jamia-mosque-in-srirangapatna |access-date=5 June 2022 |date=13 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="TimesNow">{{cite news |title=Karnataka: 'During Tipu Sultan rule Hanuman temple was converted into Jamia mosque in Srirangapatna' |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/karnataka-during-tipu-sultan-rule-hanuman-temple-was-converted-into-jamia-mosque-in-srirangapatna-article-91525521 |access-date=5 June 2022 |agency=TN National Desk |publisher=Times Now |date=12 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="IndianExpress">{{cite web |title=Karnataka on alert as Hindu activists insist to perform 'puja' in Jamia masjid |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2022/jun/02/karnatakaon-alert-as-hindu-activists-insist-to-perform-puja-in-jamia-masjid-2460965.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=5 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="1935Report">{{cite journal |journal=Mysore Archaeological Department |date=1935 |page=61 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.27273/page/n117/mode/2up |title=Annual Report |access-date=5 June 2022}}</ref>

Inscriptions on the mosque written in [[Persian language|Persian]], state, however that Tipu as the builder of the mosque.{{cn|date=January 2025}}

==Architecture==
[[File:Madrasah1.jpg|thumb|[[Madrasa]] inside the mosque]]
The mosque is located close to the Bangalore Gate and has two [[minaret]]s. The mosque is built over an elevated platform. The mosque has three inscriptions that mention the nine names of Muhammad. The minarets are separated by three octagonal stages. There are galleried balconies that separate each stage of the minaret. There are turnip-shaped domes on the top of the minarets. There is a large rectangular prayer hall inside the mosque with a flat roof supported by foiled arches. There is a series of arched openings in the minarets as well as the walls of the rectangular terrace.<ref name=IB>{{cite book |title=Mosques of India |page=39 |publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, [[Government of India]] |last=Desai |first=Dr. Ziyaud-din |isbn=81-230-1001-X |year=1966}}</ref> The mosque has two stories and, unlike other mosques, it does not have a dome. There is an old clock installed during the early 20th century. A Madrasa is operated from the mosque, where learning of Islam is imparted.<ref>{{cite web |title=Places nearby |publisher=Sriranganathaswamy temple, Srirangapatna, Hindu Religious Institutions & Charitable Endowment Department, Government of Karnataka |url=http://sriranganathaswamytemple.kar.nic.in/places.html |access-date=21 January 2017}}</ref> In modern times, the mosque is maintained and administered by the Bangalore Circle of Archaeological Survey of India.

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]
* [[List of Monuments of National Importance in Bijapur district, Karnataka]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |title=The last siege of Seringapatam |last=Thompson |first=Rev. E. W. |publisher=Wesleyan Mission |location=Mysore City |orig-year=192 3|ref=fort |isbn=8120606027 |year=1990}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category-inline|Masjid-i-Ala}}

{{Mosques in India}}

[[Category:1787 establishments in India]]
[[Category:18th-century mosques in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Mandya district]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with minarets in India]]
[[Category:Mosques completed in the 1780s]]
[[Category:Mosques in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1787]]
[[Category:Srirangapatna]]

Masjid-i-Ala - Revision history

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